• Animal cells and systems
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• v.8
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• pp.23-23
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• 2004

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.819-826
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• 2013

The black seabream Acanthopagrus schlegelii is an important species for aquaculture in Korea. There are, however, no reports on the physiological responses to hypoxia in this species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of acute hypoxia on the physiological stress responses (plasma cortisol as the primary response, and plasma glucose, hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin (Hb), sodium, chloride, osmolality, AST, ALT and total protein as the secondary responses) of the fish. The experimental fish were exposed to 0.5 ppm dissolved oxygen (DO) in the seawater via two methods (progressive stepwise decline (Exp. I), and direct decline (Exp. II)). A highly significant increase was detected in plasma cortisol levels due to the hypoxia treatments, and fish in Exp. I had hormone levels that were significantly higher than the fish in Exp. II. For plasma glucose, there was no significant difference between the Exp. I fish and the control fish, whereas Exp. II fish showed significantly higher plasma glucose levels than Exp. I fish and control fish. Ht values increased in both hypoxia treatments; however, Hb concentrations increased only in Exp. I. Although plasma chloride levels were unaffected by acute hypoxia, plasma sodium and osmolality levels increased in Exp. I. Progressive hypoxia (Exp. I fish) increased plasma AST, ALT and total protein. These results suggest that the value and direction of changes to the investigated parameters can be used to determine the resistance of black seabream to acute hypoxia.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.1341-1347
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• 2002

An experiment was conducted to determine effects of oral administration of $Diakur^{TM}$ (an additive of glucose and electrolytes for young calves) on growth performance and some physiological responses in male broilers reared in a high temperature. A 2 by 3 factorial arrangement test of 2 temperatures (24 and $36^{\circ}C$) and 3 levels of oral administration of the glucose and electrolytes additive, $Diakur^{TM}$, (0, 150 and 300 mg/day/100 gBW) were applied in the experiment. Male broiler chicks (2 weeks of age) were assigned to six groups and received dietary and temperature treatments for 7 days. The additive of glucose and electrolytes was suspended with water and intubated into crop twice a day (08:00 and 17:00). Oral administration of the additive prevented decreases in food intake and growth rates in broilers due to exposure of the hot environment. Oral administration of the additive also improved a lowered electrolyte ($Na^+$ + $K^+$ - $Cl^-$) balance in plasma, low mitogenic response of blood mononuclear cell and an increase in glucose concentration due to exposure to the high environmental temperature. Oral administration of the additive increased rectal temperature regardless of environmental temperatures. On the other hand, blood pH, $pCO_2$ and $HCO_3$ - concentration, and plasma creatine kinase activity were not affected by the oral administration. The results suggested that oral administration of the glucose and electrolytes additive, $Diakur^{TM}$ during heat stress did not only prevent decrease in growth performance, but also normalized some physiological and immunological responses in male broilers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.216-221
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• 1999

A mental task combined with noise background is an effective model of laboratory stress for study of psychophysiology of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The intensity of the background noise significantly affects both a subjective evaluation of experienced stress level during test and the physiological responses associated with mental load in noisy environments. Providing tests of similar difficulties we manipulated the background noise intensity as a main factor influencing a psychophysiological outcome and the analyzed reactivity along withe the noise intensity dimension. The goal of this study was to identify the patterns of ANS responses and the relevant subjective stress scores during performance of word recognition tasks on the background of white noise (WN) of the different intensities (55, 70 and 85 dB). Subjects were 27 college students (19-24 years old). BIOPAC, Grass Neurodata System and AcqKnowlwdge 3.5 software were used to record ECG, PPG, SCL, skin temperature, and respiration. Experimental manipulations were effective in producing subjective and physiological responses usually associated with stress. The results suggested that the following potential autonomic mechanisms might be involved in the mediation of the observed physiological responses: A sympathetic activation with parasympathetic withdrawal during mild 55 and 70dB noise (featured by similar profiles) and simultaneous activation of sympathetic and parasympathetic systems during intense 85dB WN. The parasympathetic activation in this case might be a compensatory effect directed to prevent sympathetic domination and to maintain optimal arousal state for the successful performance on mental stress task. It should be mentioned that obtained results partially support Gellhorn's (1960; 1970) "tuning phenomenon" as a possible mechanism underlying stress response.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.143-147
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• 1998

Autonomic and EEG responses of 38 college students were studied during 60-sec long presentation of International Affective Picture System (IAPS )slides evoking, according to subjective reports, negative (disgust, sadness, surprise) and positive (happiness, exciting) emotional. states. Observed were significant heart rate (HR) deceleration, large skin conductance responses (SCR), moderate respiration frequency slowing, reduction of frontal (F 3, F 4 ) and occipital (O 1, O 2 ) fast alpha, and increases of theta, delta and beta relative spectral power values during the first 30 sec of exposure of IAPS pictures. Analysis carried out to differentiate emotion categories according to autonomic responses indicated that observed HR deceleration was larger in magnitude in surprise and sadness than in disgust, SCR amplitude higher in sadness than in disgust. EEC showed significant differences in theta (F 3, F 4 ) and delta (O 1) power increase in disgust vs. happiness, fast alpha (F 3, F 4 ) power was lower in surprise than in happiness, and slow beta power higher. in happiness than in disgust (0 1). Despite some differences. observed within discrete emotion conditions, overall responses pattern of monitored parameters exhibited similar profiles with few variations, most. obvious. in disgust state, which suggests that affective visual stimulation elicits stereotypical responses in a given passive viewing paradigm. However, the magnitude of physiological responses may vary to certain extent across discrete emotional states making it possible to differentiate among particular experimentally-induced emotional states, e.g., disgust vs. sadness by ANS responses or disgust vs. happiness by EEG measures.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.705-713
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• 2011

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare results of emotion recognition by several algorithms which classify three different emotional states(happiness, neutral, and surprise) using physiological features. Background: Recent emotion recognition studies have tried to detect human emotion by using physiological signals. It is important for emotion recognition to apply on human-computer interaction system for emotion detection. Method: 217 students participated in this experiment. While three kinds of emotional stimuli were presented to participants, ANS responses(EDA, SKT, ECG, RESP, and PPG) as physiological signals were measured in twice first one for 60 seconds as the baseline and 60 to 90 seconds during emotional states. The obtained signals from the session of the baseline and of the emotional states were equally analyzed for 30 seconds. Participants rated their own feelings to emotional stimuli on emotional assessment scale after presentation of emotional stimuli. The emotion classification was analyzed by Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA, SPSS 15.0), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Multilayer perceptron(MLP) using difference value which subtracts baseline from emotional state. Results: The emotional stimuli had 96% validity and 5.8 point efficiency on average. There were significant differences of ANS responses among three emotions by statistical analysis. The result of LDA showed that an accuracy of classification in three different emotions was 83.4%. And an accuracy of three emotions classification by SVM was 75.5% and 55.6% by MLP. Conclusion: This study confirmed that the three emotions can be better classified by LDA using various physiological features than SVM and MLP. Further study may need to get this result to get more stability and reliability, as comparing with the accuracy of emotions classification by using other algorithms. Application: This could help get better chances to recognize various human emotions by using physiological signals as well as be applied on human-computer interaction system for recognizing human emotions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.12 s.148
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• pp.1527-1534
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• 2005

In order to clarify the characteristics of the thermo-physiological responses of the child and to understand the influence of the country where the child has grown up on the responses, the thermo-physiological responses of the Japanese children(J group) and the Korean children(K group) were examined. The subject wearing shorts was exposed first to a thermo neutral room$(Ta=28.5^{\circ}C)$ for 1 hour, then transferred to a cold$(Ta=22^{\circ}C)$ or a hot$(Ta=37^{\circ}C)$ room for 1 hour. The experiment was done in the climate chamber of Bunka Women's University in the summer of 1997 for Japan, and in the climate chamber in the Keimyung University in the summer of 1998 for Korea. The subjects consisted of 5 boys and 5 girls aged 7-9 years in Japan and 4 boys and 4 girls aged 7-9 years in Korea. As a result: 1) The rectal temperature increased slightly with a rise in air temperature. K group showed a slightly higher rectal temperature. 2) The skin temperature of the hand and foot decreased conspicuously during cold exposure. It was more in the K group than in the J group. 3) Relative local sweat rates were similar in the two groups at $22^{\circ}C\;and\;28.5^{\circ}C$, while they were considerably different at $37^{\circ}C$. Even perspiration was observed over the whole body in the J group but the perspiration was large in the trunk and low in the extremity in the K group. 4) The heart rate was higher in the J group than in the K group but it increased with the rise of the air temperature in both groups.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 2018

Meat quality includes technological quality attributes, consumer acceptance, and credence characteristics. In terms of credence characteristics, animal welfare is one of the most interesting topics to both consumers and the livestock industry. Consumers prefer meat produced from livestock that has been raised in low stress and ecofriendly environments. The livestock industry cares about animal welfare to meet the requirements of consumers. Animal welfare is closely associated with the stress and physiological response of livestock to stress. Moreover, stress just before slaughter (i.e., pre-slaughter stress) has negative effects on not only animal welfare but also ultimately on meat quality. It is well-documented that pre-slaughter stress can influence ante- and post-mortem biological changes of the muscles, especially their metabolic properties and metabolites. The metabolic properties and metabolites contents also can modulate the postmortem changes of the muscles. Conversion of muscles to meat during postmortem is a very important process because it determines ultimately the meat quality. Thus, understanding pre-slaughter stress and physiological responses to stress in farm animals is important for animal welfare and meat quality. The purpose of this paper was to examine the concept of stress, physiological responses to stress, measurement of stress, and the relationships between stress indices and meat quality traits.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.225-230
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• 2001

Intensity of background noise is a factor significantly affecting both subjective evaluation of experienced stress level and associated electroencephalographic (EEG) responses during mental load in noisy environments. In the study on 27 subjects we analyzed the influence of the background white noise (WN) intensity on psychophysiological responses during a word recognition test. Electrocortical activity were recorded during baseline resting state and 40 s long performance on 3 similar Korean word recognition tests with different intensities of background WN (55, 70 and 85 dB).. An important finding in terms of physiological reactivity was similarity of all physiological response profiles between 55 and 70dB WN, i.e., none of physiological variables differentiated the two conditions, while 85dB WN resulted in a significantly different profile of reactions (higher fast beta power in EEG spectra). This condition was characterized by highest subjective rating of experienced stress, had more fast beta activity and had tendency of right hemisphere dominance, emphasizing the role of brain lateralization in negative affect control.

• BMB Reports
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• v.53 no.9
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• pp.453-457
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• 2020

The right-handed double-helical structure of DNA (B-DNA), which follows the Watson-Crick model, is the canonical form of DNA existing in normal physiological settings. Even though an alternative left-handed structure of DNA (Z-DNA) was discovered in the late 1970s, Z-form nucleic acid has not received much attention from biologists, because it is extremely unstable under physiological conditions, has an ill-defined mechanism of its formation, and has obscure biological functions. The debate about the physiological relevance of Z-DNA was settled only after a class of proteins was found to potentially recognize the Z-form architecture of DNA. Interestingly, these Z-DNA binding proteins can bind not only the left-handed form of DNA but also the equivalent structure of RNA (Z-RNA). The Z-DNA/RNA binding proteins present from viruses to humans function as important regulators of biological processes. In particular, the proteins ADAR1 and ZBP1 are currently being extensively re-evaluated in the field to understand potential roles of the noncanonical Z-conformation of nucleic acids in host immune responses and human disease. Despite a growing body of evidence supporting the biological importance of Z-DNA/RNA, there remain many unanswered principal questions, such as when Z-form nucleic acids arise and how they signal to downstream pathways. Understanding Z-DNA/RNA and the sensors in different pathophysiological conditions will widen our view on the regulation of immune responses and open a new door of opportunity to develop novel types of immunomodulatory therapeutic possibilities.