• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.210-215
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• 1998

OSA(Obstructive Sleep Apnea) is a condition with repeated obstruction of the upper airway while sleeping. This obstruction of the upper airway may result if sleep-induced physiologic change in muscle activity is superimposed on various structural defects of the upper airway. Macroglossia, micrognathia, retrognathia, and decreased airway lumen have all been implicated in OSA. There are a variety of surgical and nonsurgical treatment modalities currently available for OSA. Recently the uvulopalatopharyngoplasty has achieved widespread use, but success rates vary and long-term effects are still unknown. Current nonsurgical treatment methods can be cumbersome and uncomfortable with variable responses. For this case. we diagnosed as OSA by using polysomnographic analysis and cephalometric analysis, and delivered intraoral removable appliance which is more conservative, reversible and easy to use for patient. And we got results that Apnea Index(AI) decreased from 14.4 to 3.1, Total Respiratory Disturbance Index(Total RDI) decreased from 18.1 to 7.0 and removal of chronic headache in daytime.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.401-412
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of Ryodoraku and association of Ryodoraku with gastric dysmotility in functional dyspepsia(FD). Methods : Subjects were 154 patients with FD and 18 patients with asthma. We calculated the average Ryodoraku score(RS, ${\mu}A$) and each variation from physiologic range of 12 Ryodoraku points, and investigated the incidence when left and right points were simultaneously below(bilateral deficiency) or above(bilateral excess) physiologic range. Postprandial regularity of normal slow waves, power ratio, and postprandial % of bowel sound were obtained by electrogastrography and enterotachography, and were used as gastric dysmotility index. Results : 1. Bilateral excess of H4, H5, F1, and F4 and bilateral deficiency of H4, H5, and H6 were characteristic in FD compared with asthma patients. 2. Incidence of gastric dysmotility in bilateral deficiency of H4, H5, and H6 was 100%, and was higher than in total FD patients(88.3%). 3. There was a positive correlation between the variation of H6 and % postprandial bowel sound. 4. Deficient tendency of H4, H5, and H6 was more evident when RS was above $40{\mu}A$ in FD. Conclusions : These findings suggest that gastric dysmotility in FD can be diagnosed when a pattern of H4, H5, H6 bilateral deficiency and F1, F4 bilateral excess is shown at the same time. We think this phenomenon is related to low activity of the vagus nerve rather than meridian pathway with result based on positive correlation between variation of H6 and postprandial % of bowel sound.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.125-135
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• 2011

Objectives : This study is aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of Ryodoraku for traditional Korean medicine practice reported in the Korean literature. Methods : A search of seven Korean databases was performed up to May 2011 using the search term 'Ryodoraku(in Korean)'. All clinical studies on diagnostic Ryodoraku characteristics were included. Results : The search yielded 59 studies, of which 5 were considered suitable for this analysis. Four were observational studies. Only one was a controlled trial. Average Ryodoraku score(RS), mean values for each measure point, physiologic limit, number of Pyesaek and Gyeokcha, and pattern classification were used as references for the analysis. Correlations were observed between average RS and idiopathic Parkinson's disease, some sub-groups of respiratory disease, chronic low back pain, and menopause. Some mean values for measure points showed particularly high or low tendencies in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease, chronic low back pain, and menopause. Positive correlations were observed between the number of Pyesaek and H-Y stage in idiopathic Parkinson's disease and F2(肝) and the modified Kupperman's index with menopausal women. The four classes, organized based on Ryodoraku pattern, showed differences in various characteristics. Conclusions : Since only five studies met the experimental conditions, this evaluation of the diagnostic value of Ryodoraku in various situations is limited. Future studies should be conducted using various physiologic and pathologic situations.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.21-28
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to get basic user guidelines of safe and efficient bag-valve-mask application on patients having abnormal pathophysiological pulmonary conditions. Methods: This study was performed by pre-qualified 35 EMS junior and senior students. Participants were instructed to compress ambulatory bag randomly about half, one-third, one-fourth within different airway resistance and pulmonary compliance. Resultant tidal volume and pulmonary wedge pressures on RespiTranier monitor were analysed in relation to pulmonary physiologic index. Results: At least over half compression of bag guaranteed minimal tidal volume regardless of pulmonary conditions. There was no increase of pulmonary wedge pressure above the level of barotrauma on half compression at any pulmonary conditions. Conclusion: Assisted ventilation with ambulatory bag on patients with pathological pulmonary conditions should be over half compressed regardless of respiratory disease entity.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.150-158
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• 1992

Background: Although many authors have reported that the median survival time of surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was shorter in aneuploid than in diploid determined by flow cytometry, there are few reports about DNA ploidy using bronchial brushing material in all types of lung cancer. Method: The DNA ploidy test results of 109 consecutive patients with lung cancer were analyzed to find the relationship of DNA ploidy and anatomic or physiologic stage. And the differences of the response to various therapeutic modalities according to DNA ploidy were evaluated at least 8 weeks after the begining of the therapy. Results: Numbers of patients with DNA aneuploid pattern or high proliferative activity (S+G2M>22%) were not different among the various cell types of lung cancer. The relationship of DNA ploidy and anatomic or physiologic stage was not significant. However, NSCLC patients with high proliferative activity showed more advanced anatomic stage than those without that (p<0.05). The short-term response rate to therapy depended on the anatomic (p<0.005) or physiologic stages (p<0.05) in patients with NSCLC, and not on DNA ploidy or proliferative activity. Conclusion: DNA ploidy test using bronchial brushing material revealed that high proliferative activity means advanced anatomic stage, but it was not useful to predict the therapeutic response.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.995-1005
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• 2000

This study was performed to identify the physiological and psychological variables related to successful weaning from a mechanical ventilator. The subjects of this study were 22 patients who received mechanical ventilation therapy for more than 3 days in intensive care units. Before the weaning trial, baseline data for following physiologic variables were obtained: spontaneous respiration rate, blood pressure, pulse rate, PaO2, PaCO2, PEEP, static compliance, minute ventilation, tidal volume, rapid shallow breathing index(f/VT), SaO2, PaO2/FiO2 and mean arterial pressure. During spontaneous breathing, physiologic and psychologic variables such as vital signs, ABG, perspiration, chest retraction, paradoxical respiration, dyspnea, anxiety, confidence and efficacy were measured. Successful weaning was defined as sustaining spontaneous respiration over 24 hours after extubation. Weaning failure was defined as the development of more than one of following signs: (1) hypoxemia, (2) CO2 retention or (3) perspiration, tachypnea, chest retraction, tachycardia, arrhythmia, hypotension or hypertension. Subjects (N=18) who successfully weaned from mechanical ventilator were compared with subjects (N=4) who failed. The results are as follows; Eighteen percents of the subjects failed during the weaning trial. Most subjects in the failed group were mechanically ventilated for long-time. This result shows that the success of weaning is more difficult in long-term ventilation patients. In the baseline data that was measured before weaning trial, the mean score of PaO2 in the successfully weaned group was 121mmHg. This is significantly higher than the mean score of PaO2 in the failed group(95mmHg). However, the scores of pH, tidal volume, f/VT, pulse rates, blood pressure, mean airway pressure, SaO2, and PaCO2 were similar between the two groups. Specially the scores of f/VT index as a predominant predictor for successful weaning were not significant (f/VT=44.4) and (f/VT=47). During spontaneous breathing, the scores of dyspnea and anxiety level in the successfully weaned group were less than those of the failed group. On the contrary, the scores of confidence and efficacy in the successful group were greater than those of the failed group. In conclusion, the baseline data that were measured before weaning trial were similar between the both groups, therefore future studies are needed to focus on searching other variables besides physiological parameters related to weaning outcome.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2012

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to identify the effect of music therapy on the physiologic index, anxiety and dyspnea of patients who are weaning from mechanical ventilators, and to compare the effects between western and Korean traditional music. Methods: The research format is repeated measures design. The subject group consisted of 21 patients being weaned from mechanical ventilators in a tertiary general hospital in Seoul. Each patient randomly received western music, rest, and Korean traditional music. Western and Korean traditional music were played on an MP3 head phone for 30 minutes. Patients get 30 minutes of rest between the 2 music styles and the rest period. Physiological indices, anxiety and dyspnea were measured before and after patients listened to both styles of music and the rest period. Anxiety and dyspnea were measured with a visual analogue scale. Results: Respiratory rates (RR), rapid shallow breath indexes (RSBI), anxiety and dyspnea decreased, and tidal volume (TV) increased after listening to Western and Korean tradition music in patients weaning from mechanical ventilators. Compared to western music, Korean traditional music yielded significant decreases in RR, RSBI, anxiety and dyspnea, and an increase of TV. Conclusion: Western and Korean traditional music would decrease RR, RSBI, anxiety and dyspnea and increase TV of patients who are weaning from mechanical ventilators. The effects are more pronounced in patients listening to Korean traditional music compared to western music.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.5-18
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• 2002

Purpose: Women have been often underdiagnosed and undertreated when they have as high mortality as men of ischemic heart disease, such as angina. One of the reasons of women's under treatment is associated with either vague, non-traditional symptoms or longer delay in seeking professional help when they experience ischemic heart disease. This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of women's anginal pain induced by the treadmill test and to explore the potential relationship(s) between anginal pain and other psycho-physiologic factors. Methods: Of 22 female patients referred to treadmill test, 7 with positive finding participated in this study. Anginal pain in the past was analyzed by Rose questionnaire, whereas anginal pain induced by the treadmill test was identified by McGill pain scale, visual analogue scale and present pain index. Results: Women expressed more heaviness than sharp pain, and complained splitting more often than subjects in previous study that included both men and women. Pain intensity by VAS $3.64{\pm}3.94$, Pain rating index was $5.14{\pm}7.29$, present pain index was $1.57{\pm}1.81$, duration of pain was $5.14{\pm}4.8$ min. Exercise intensity was $6.0{\pm}4.63$ METs, exercise duration was $364.29{\pm}141.39$ sec, ST change was -2.0mm and rate of perceived exertion was $16.29{\pm}2.06$. The relationships between pain intensity and pain duration, ST segment changes were significant. Correlation among pain measures was significant. Conclusion: Generalization of these pilot findings may be inappropriate, and therefore, further larger study is needed.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.152-157
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• 2006

Background: Meralgia paresthesia (MP) is characterized by sensory impairment in the anterolateral aspect of the thigh and usually caused by a lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) lesion. It is well known that several physiologic factors including age, obesity, and sex can affect nerve conduction. This study aimed to determine whether body mass index (BMI) and age can influence on the conduction velocity and action potential amplitude of the LFCN. Methods: Fifty six individuals without any previous neuromuscular disease participated in this study. LFCN was studied orthodromically, distally from the anterior superior iliac spine. The values, such as sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitude and sensory nerve conduction velocity (NCV) were obtained. SNAP of the LFCN were formed on both sides in forty three individuals. Results: No difference of demographic factors was observed between two groups divided according to the presence of SNAP formation. BMI had a significant relationship with SNAP amplitude and NCV of the LFCN. Moreover, Multiple regression analyses of nerve conduction values showed the significant correlation of body mass index and age with nerve conduction velocity. Conclusions: We may suggest that nerve conduction of the LFCN can be affected by age and BMI. Further study to obtain normal nerve conduction data and compare these data with those of meralgia paresthetica patients should be continued.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.45-60
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• 2024

Morphologic changes in the brain through aging, as a physiologic process, may involve a wide range of variables including ventricular dilation, and sulcus widening. This study reports normal ranges of these changes as standard criteria. Normal brain computed tomography scans of 400 patients (200 males, 200 females) in every decade of life (20 groups each containing 20 participants) were investigated for subcortical/cortical atrophy (bicaudate width [BCW], third ventricle width [ThVW], maximum length of lateral ventricle at cella media [MLCM], bicaudate index [BCI], third ventricle index [ThVI], and cella media index 3 [CMI3], interhemispheric sulcus width [IHSW], right hemisphere sulci diameter [RHSD], and left hemisphere sulci diameter [LHSD]), ventricular symmetry. Distribution and correlation of all the variables were demonstrated with age and a multiple linear regression model was reported for age prediction. Among the various parameters of subcortical atrophy, BCW, ThVW, MLCM, and the corresponding indices of BCI, ThVI, and CMI3 demonstrated a significant correlation with age (R²≥0.62). All the cortical atrophy parameters including IHSW, RHSD, and LHSD demonstrated a significant correlation with age (R²≥0.63). This study is a thorough investigation of variables in a normal brain which can be affected by aging disclosing normal ranges of variables including major ventricular variables, derived ventricular indices, lateral ventricles asymmetry, cortical atrophy, in every decade of life introducing BW, ThVW, MLCM, BCI, ThVI, CMI3 as most significant ventricular parameters, and IHSW, RHSD, LHSD as significant cortical parameters associated with age.