• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2016

Physical security protecting people from physical threats, such as a person or vehicle, has received a great attention. However, it has many risks of hacking and other security threats because it is highly dependent on automated management systems. In addition, a representative system of physical security, a CCTV control system has a high risk of hacking, such as video interceptions or video modulation. So physical security needs urgent security measures in accordance with these threats. In this paper, we examine the case of security threats that have occurred in the past, prevent those from threatening the physical security, and analyze the security problem with the threats. Then we study the countermeasures to prevent these security threats based on the problems found in each case. Finally we study for the method to apply these countermeasures.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.1361-1384
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• 2018

Recently, Cyber Physical System (CPS) is one of the core technologies for realizing Internet of Things (IoT). The CPS is a new paradigm that seeks to converge the physical and cyber worlds in which we live. However, the CPS suffers from certain CPS issues that could directly threaten our lives, while the CPS environment, including its various layers, is related to on-the-spot threats, making it necessary to study CPS security. Therefore, a survey-based in-depth understanding of the vulnerabilities, threats, and attacks is required of CPS security and privacy for IoT. In this paper, we analyze security issues, threats, and solutions for IoT-CPS, and evaluate the existing researches. The CPS raises a number challenges through current security markets and security issues. The study also addresses the CPS vulnerabilities and attacks and derives challenges. Finally, we recommend solutions for each system of CPS security threats, and discuss ways of resolving potential future issues.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
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• pp.2747-2749
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• 2003

Security is concerned with the protection of assets from threats, where threats are categorised as the potential for abuse of protected assets. All categories of threats should be considered, but in the domain of security greater attention is given to those threats that are related to malicious or other human activities ISO/IEC 15408 requires the TOE(Target of Evaluation) Security Environment section of a Protection Profile(PP) or Security Target(ST) to contain a list of threats about the TOE security environment or the intended usage of the TOE. This paper presents a specific physical threats should be considered in the smart card PP which developers of smart card PP must consider.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.66-74
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• 2016

In this study, we have discussed and illustrated the security issues of WiMAX technology including vulnerabilities, threats and some security solution. Both physical layer and data link layer have been considered. Jamming is a major threat in physical layer, and in data link layer we study an authentication problem and see the problem of some unencrypted messages leading to lack of confidentiality. Some of these vulnerabilities have been solved in the recent amendment of 802.16 and some still remain. Moreover WiMax is a new technology yet.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.84-91
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the types of violence experienced by small and medium sized hospital nurses. Methods: Data were collected from March 1 to 30, 2017, using self-report questionnaires. Responses from 87 nurses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, $x^2$ test, Fisher's exact test, t-test. Results: The majority of the respondents experienced violence from patients (60.2%), visitors (25.5%), doctors (12.2%), and other staffs (2.0%). Verbal violence (80.5%) and physical threats (74.7%) were more frequent than physical violence (25.3%). Violence occurred throughout the hospital. However, verbal violence ($x^2=20.85$, p=.005) and physical threat ($x^2=20.80$, p=.006) were statistically significant according to the department. Violence occurred most frequently in surgical ward, followed by artificial kidney room, emergency room, and outpatient department. Conclusion: Most nurses are exposed to frequent violence. These results suggest that hospital should improve the respective organizational cultures and develop promotional programs and administrative policies to prevent violence. Also, hospitals should develop of violence intervention policies and education programs and counseling programs for nurses.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.439-449
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• 2019

ICBMA(IoT, Cloud, Big Data, Mobile, AI)로 대변되는 정보기술의 발전은 데이터의 급증과 이를 수용하기 위한 데이터센터의 수적, 양적 증가로 이어지고 있다. 이에 데이터센터를 사회 중요 기반시설로 인식하고, 테러 공격 대응 등 안전성 확보를 위해서는 사전에 물리보안 위협의 식별이 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 위협의 식별과 분류를 쉽게 처리할 목적으로 물리보안 위협 분할도(PS-TBS)를 개발하고, 전문가 설문조사를 통하여 개발 된 물리보안 위협 분할도의 타당성과 효용성을 검증한다. 또한 위협 분할도의 항목에 대해 상세 정의를 통해 실무 활용을 통한 물리보안 수준 향상에 기여하고자 한다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권7호
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• pp.2467-2474
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• 2022

Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) are the most protected facilities among all critical infrastructures (CIs). In addition to physical security, cyber security becomes a significant concern for NPPs since swift digitalization and overreliance on computer-based systems in the facility operations transformed NPPs into targets for cyber/physical attacks. Despite technical competencies, humans are still the central component of a resilient NPP to develop an effective nuclear security culture. Turkey is one of the newcomers in the nuclear energy industry, and Turkish Akkuyu NPP has a unique model owned by an international consortium. Since Turkey has limited experience in nuclear energy industry, specific multinational and multicultural characteristics of Turkish Akkuyu NPP also requires further research in terms of the Facility's prospective nuclear security. Yet, the link between "national cultures" and "nuclear security" is underestimated in nuclear security studies. By relying on Hofstede's national culture framework, our research aims to address this gap and explore possible implications of cross-national cultural differences on nuclear security. To cope with security challenges in the age of hybrid threats, we propose a security management model which addresses the need for cyber-physical security integration to cultivate a robust nuclear security culture in a multicultural working environment.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.424-431
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate the key success factors for the fast food industry in the region of Lahore Pakistan. Fast food concept developed very speedily in the last few years in Lahore region. The success or failure of a fast food industry based on some factors like Physical environment, Brand-name, Food quality, Price, Taste, Promotional activity, Habitual consumption, Health threats, Consumer expectation, and Family meal. To identify which of these factors has a greater influence on consumer satisfaction, four fast food restaurants such as McDonald's, PIZZA HUT, KFC, and subway were targeted randomly. The proposed research is quantitative in nature and for data collection; a random sampling technique was used. A questionnaire survey answered by 273 people was considered in this research. Data have been analyzed through statistical techniques. It is observed that Brand name, Food quality, Physical environment, Health threats, Price, Family meals, Habitual consumption, and Consumer expectation showed significant impacts on Fast food industry compared to other factors evaluated herein.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.495-501
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• 2017

The introduction of smart grid, which is an innovative application of digital processing and communications to the power grid, might lead to more and more cyber threats originated from IT systems. In other words, The Energy Management System (EMS) and other communication networks interact with the power system on a real time basis, so it is important to understand the interaction between two layers to protect the power system from potential cyber threats. This paper aims to identify and clarify the cyber security risks and their interaction with the power system in Smart Grid. In this study, the optimal power flow (OPF) and Power Flow Tracing are used to assess the interaction between the EMS and the power system. Through OPF and Power Flow Tracing based analysis, the physical and economic impacts from potential cyber threats are assessed, and thereby the quantitative risks are measured in a monetary unit.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제2권8호
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• pp.357-368
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• 2013

우리 사회는 광대역 ICT 인프라의 확충과 스마트 디바이스, 클라우드 서비스 및 소셜 미디어 서비스의 활성화로 인해 언제 어디서나 다양한 지식의 공유 / 관리 / 제어 / 창조가 가능한 혼합현실 환경의 상시 연결사회로 진화하고 있고 이로 인해 사이버 위협이 점차 증가하고 있는 상황이다. 향후 사회는 물리 및 논리공간의 융합, 스마트 객체의 유기적 연결, 상시연결 사회의 보편화로 인하여 사이버 위협에 대한 효과적 대응을 하지 못하는 경우에 더욱 복잡하고 미묘한 문제를 야기할 수 있어 APT와 같은 고도화된 사이버 위협에 대한 새로운 접근방법과 대응 체계에 관한 연구가 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 향후 다양한 미래서비스 환경 변화와 상시 연결사회의 보편화에 따른 새로운 유형의 사이버 위협에 능동적으로 대응하기 위한 기반으로써 국가 보안 Knowledge-Base 구축 전략을 제시한다.