• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.2355-2363
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• 2002

The accompanying paper, Part 1, has presented the physical modeling and basic numerical analysis results of both the flow-induced and thermally-induced residual stress and birefringence in injection molded center gated disks. The present paper, Part II, has attempted to investigate the effects of various processing conditions of injection/compression molding process on the residual stress and birefringence. The birefringence is significantly affected by injection melt temperature, packing pressure and packing time. Birefringence in the shell layer increases as melt temperature gets lower. The inner peak of birefringence increases with packing time and packing pressure. On the other hand, packing pressure, packing time and mold wall temperature affect the thermally-induced residual stress rather significantly in the shell layer, but insignificantly in the core region. Injection/compression molding has been found to reduce the birefringence in comparison with the conventional injection molding process. In particular, mold closing velocity and initial opening thickness in the compression stage of injection/compression molding process have significant effect on the flow-induced birefringence, but not on tile thermal residual stress and the thermally induced birefringence.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.586-595
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• 2010

An analytical study based on physical understandings and aero-thermodynamic theories was conducted to observe the performance characteristics and to derive the essential design parameters of dual ramjet(dual-combustion/dual-mode) propulsion for wide Mach number. The performances and operating limitations of the engines with two types combustors, such as constant pressure- and constant area- combustor, over various flight Mach numbers was investigated. Finally, the transition Mach number from ramjet to scramjet was carried out to optimize performance load balancing of ramjet and scramjet.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.13 no.2 s.30
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• pp.109-116
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• 1989

Korean clothings are admired for their beauty and traditional value. On the other hand, many of Korean women complain of chest restriction. Korean skirts may give high garment pressure to the wearers because the Korean skirt-band do not resolve physical tensions in size or in stretch. This paper aims at the identification of the garment pressure caused by the Korean skirt-band and the cardiopulmonary change caused by garment pressure. The Korean skirt-band were made in 3 kinds of size, and 21 women were selected for wearing test. The garment pressure was measured in front, side, and back parts of the body. The measured cardiopulmonary parameters were vital capacity, respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood pressure. The results were as follows: 1. The smaller the size of the Korean skirt-band, the greater the garment pressure. The pressure during inspiration was significantly greater than the pressure during expiration. 2. The pressure in side part was the greatest of the three measurements and the pressure in back part was the smallest. 3. The small size of the Korean skirt-band revealed low vital capcity and great respiratory rate. 4. As the small size grement was dressed, the respiratory rate and the heart rate during walking and rest after walking were significantly high. 5. Subjects felt uncomfortable when they wore small sized garment.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.51-63
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• 2010

Ink-jet is part of the non impact printing that shooting the ink drop from the nozzle to paper. It is very silence and express good color. There are two types of printing that continuous and drop on demand. But drop on demand process is becoming the mainstream. these days, LCD, PDP is passed more than semiconductor industry. And we expect organic EL, FED as a next display. But product equipment, main component and technology have a gap between an advanced country and us nevertheless physical development. Expecially, previous process part is depended on imports. Ink-jet printing technology that there isn't complicated photo lithography process is attracted, so ink-jet printing resolution is more embossed. But there were not many of ink-jet resolution thesis but ink-jet head or nozzle. Because, to out of the ink from the nozzle is unseeable and hard to experiment. Therefore this thesis was experimented and simulated how can ink-jet printer improved resolution by flow-3d simulation package program.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.19 no.2 s.58
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• pp.20-28
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• 2005

The existing algorithms or programs of egress time estimations rule out the walking velocity of each single person. But this algorithm can not be applied to estimation of evacuation in a hospital, because most patients are handicapped or walking on various kinds of tools. This study measured the moving velocities of patients according to different types of physical handicap. Also evacuation drills in several hospitals were carried out to establish an algorithm for prediction of total egress time of wards. Besides these measurements awareness of staffs about safety was investigated with the questionnaire. The results of this study is divided into two serial papers.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.16 no.1 s.94
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• pp.95-107
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• 1999

The design models of a new product in general are created using clay models or wooden mock-ups. The reverse engineering(RE) technology enables us to quickly create the CAD model of the new product by capturing the surface of the model using laser digitizers or coordinate measuring machines. Rapid prototyping (RP) is another technology that can reduce the product development time by fabricating the physical prototype of a part using a layered manufacturing technique. In reverse engineering process, however, the digitizer generates an enormous amount of point data, and it is time consuming and also inefficient to create surfaces out of these data. In addition, the surfacing operation takes a great deal of time and skill and becomes a bottleneck. In rapid prototyping, a faceted model called STL file has been the industry standard for providing the CAD input to RP machines. It approximates the CAD model of a part using many planar triangular patches and has drawbacks. A novel procedure that overcomes these problems and integrates RE with RP is proposed. Algorithms that drastically reduce the point clouds data have been developed. These methods will facilitate the use of reverse engineered geometric data for rapid prototyping, and thereby will contribute in reducing the product development time.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1279-1286
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• 2004

This paper continues companion paper, part I : measurement and analysis. As shown in companion Paper, information and energy in monaural signal is quite different from that of binaural signal. In this paper, difference between monaural and binaural signal of transportation noise are investigated in subjective response test. We executed hearing screening test before giving a subject response test and excluded subjects who had physical hearing loss. An annoyance response test was conducted using headphone to avoid cross-talk effect in binaural testing. Percentage of highly annoyed under binaural signal reproduction is higher than percentage of highly annoyed under monaural signal reproduction. Result implies binaural reproduction technique is proper for a study of human response to short-term noise exposure in a headphone simulated-environment.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.124-135
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• 2007

To understand tendency of body shapes of Chinese women who reside in Beijing and Shanghai for improving the match of exported clothes to China, this categorizes the bodies by extracting the elements of the objects and understanding body promotion. To categorize the subject by not size factor but form factor, data were compared and analyzed mainly with index based on measurement of the body. This selected specimen as 1381 of Chinese women from 19 to 50 selected in random sampling in Shanghai and Beijing from 23th, June to 7th August in 2004. 1. Chinese women is generally separated in 7.09 parts and upper body including waist shapes round. 2. The elements indicating the women's physical properties are obesity, the size of upper part, front shape, side shape, shoulder and back shape, perpendicular size and lower part length, body shape. 3. The Chinese are categorized by three factors. Normal shape which is not both fat and skinny, records the highest in the ranking.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.69-79
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• 2011

Rapid population growth and land use changes have severely degraded streams across the United States. In response, there has been a surge in the number of stream restoration projects, including stream restoration for mitigation purposes. Currently, most projects do not include evaluation and monitoring, which are critical in the success of stream restoration projects. The goal of this study is to review the current status of assessment methodologies and restoration approaches for streams in Virginia, with the aim of assisting the restoration community in making sound decisions. As part of the study, stream restoration projects data from a project in Fairfax County, Virginia was assessed. This review revealed that the stream assessment methodologies currently applied to restoration are visuallybased and do not include biological data collection and/or a method to incorporate watershed information. It was found from the case study that out of the twenty nine restoration projects that had occurred between 1995 and 2003 in Fairfax County, nineteen projects reported bank stabilization as a goal or the only goal, indicating an emphasis on a single physical component rather than on the overall ecological integrity of streams. It also turned out that only seven projects conducted any level of monitoring as part of the restoration, confirming the lack of evaluation and monitoring. However, Fairfax County has recently improved its stream restoration practices by developing and incorporating watershed management plans. This now provides one of the better cases that might be looked upon by stakeholders when planning future stream restoration projects.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.16
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• pp.33-67
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• 1989

The purpose of this study is to analyze the three kinds of recarved books that were Wongak-Techam-Ryakbon, Kumkang-Banyakyung-Uiki, Sung-Yusikron-Sulki. the original edition of these recarved books were published by UiChon in Heungwang Temple with the Continued Edition of Tripitaka in the King Sukjong of the Koryo Dynasty. The continued edition was the collections of various and interpretations of Tripitaka, gathered from Song, Japan and Liao. This continued edition is not a imitation of any others but it is the original product of Koryo. The blocks were carved from the carefully proofread script of Koryo's best calligrapher. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. The original edition of the Wongak-Yecham-Ryakbon was published at the third year of Suchang in Heungwang Temple. The names of two calligraphers and three proofreaders are recorded in the last part of the book. 2. The original edition of the Kumkang-Banyakyung-Uiki was also published at the fourth year of Suchang in Heungwang Temple. The publication data are recorded in the last part of the book that the calligrapher was ODaegong and the three proofreaders were Gakji, Jahyun and Dukyeon. 3. The Sung-Yusikron-Sulki is different from other recarved editions in physical format such as number of lines and letters in one printing page. The original edition of this book was published at Kwangkyowon in Kumsan Temple by Hyaedukwangsa. 4. The contents of these recarved editions are recently discovered.