• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2006

Purpose : The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect on Balance Ability of Knee Osteoarthritis(OA) by modality. Methods : The subjects were consisted of 30 women patients with knee OA. All subjects were randomly assigned to modality group. Each group had a treatment for 45 minutes per day and three times a week during 8 weeks period. Was used to measure recovery or worse of patient's condition, muscle assessment questionnaire(MAQ) was used to measure patient's muscular strength, Endurance, coordination/balance, KWOMAC was used to pain, stiffness, and physical function, and BPM was used to measure velocity, anterior-posterior. Results : This study results in following conclusions. 1. MAQ score was significantly decreased in modality group(p<.05). 2. KWOMAC score was significantly decreased in modality group(p<.05). 3. BPM were score was significantly decreased in modality group(p<.05). Conclusions : From this result the modality treatment retrogression characteristic will be effective in treatment of patient.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2007

Purpose : this study was to investigate the influence on lower extremity pattern of PNF to muscle questionnaire ability of patients with knee OA. Methods : The subjects were consisted of 60 women patients with knee OA. And all subjects were randomly devide to two group which was modality group and PNF group. Each group had a treatment for 30 minutes per day and three times a week during 8 weeks period. VAS was used to measure pain, patient specific functional scale(PSFS) was used to measure patient's functional disability level, global perceived effect scale(GPES) was used to measure recovery or worse of patient's condition, muscle assessment questionnaire (MAQ) was used to measure patient's pain level. Results : 1. VAS was showed that PNF group had more significantly decreased than modality group(p<.05). 2. PSFS was showed that PNF group had more significantly increased than modality group(p<.05). 3. GPES was showed that PNF group had more significantly decreased than modality group(p<.05). 4. MAQ was showed that PNF group had more significantly decreased than modality group(p<.05). Conclusion : There are strong significant between PNF group and modality group.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of mobilization combined active movement(SNAGS) on the pain and recovery of function of acute low back pain patients. Methods: The subjects were consisted of 135 patients with acute low back pain. All subjects randomly assigned to mobilization group, stretching exercise group and modality treatment group. The mobilization group received mobilization combined active movement(SNAGS) with modality treatment, exercise group received stretching exercise with modality treatment and modality treatment group received modality treatment. Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) was used to measure patient's pain level and Patient Specific Functional Scale(PSFS) was used to measure patient's functional disability level. Results: The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1. Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) was mobilization group showed significantly decreased more than comparison group(p<.01) and active treatment group showed significantly decreased more than passive treatment group(p<.01). 2. Patient Specific Functional Scale(PSFS) was mobilization group showed significantly increased more than comparison group(p<.01) and active treatment group showed significantly increased more than passive treatment group(p<.01). Conclusion: It maybe suggested that mobilization combined active movement(SNAGS) is beneficial treatment for acute low back pain patient.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 2012

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of modality, taping and joint mobilization for patients with acute whiplash-associated disorders. Methods: Joint mobilization technique and kinesio taping was done to the patients who diagnosed with acute whiplash-associated disorders due to traffic accidents. Results: We got the results that it is quite effective to increase cervical range of motion and decrease the pain, according to the results, present study was performed to assess the impact on the neck disability index and fatigability. Conclusion: Joint mobilization technique applied to a person and taping applied to the other person then both people increasing cervical range of motion and reducing pain for the treatment of patients with acute whiplash-associated disorders was effective.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cervical mobilization on the tension type headache recovery. : The subjects were consisted of 70 patients with tension type headache. All subjects randomly assigned to cervical mobilization group and massage group. The mobilization group received cervical mobilization with modality treatment and massage group received cervical massage with modality treatment. Visual analogue scala(VAS) was used to daily headache hours and patient's pain level. Results: The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. The Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) was mobilization group showed significant1y decreased more than massage group(p<.01). 2. The daily headache was mobilization group showed significantly decreased more than massage group(p<.01). Conclusion: mobilization is beneficial treatment for tension type headache.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.497-507
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• 2000

This study was performed to understanding on guidelines for using therapeutic modalities according to injury phases of soft tissue. Clinical decisions on how and when therapeutic modalities may be used should be based on recognition of signs and symptoms. as well as some awareness of the time frames associated with the various phases of the Healing process. The physical therapist must have a sound understanding of that process in terms of the sequence of the various process of healing stage. The results of this study are as follows: 1. Once an acute injury has occured, the healing process consists of the imflammatory response phase, the fibroblastic-repair phase, and the maturation-remodeling phase and can impede by various pathologic factors. 2. Modality use in the initial acute injury phase and the inflammatory response phase should be directed toward limiting the amount of swelling and reducing pain. 3. Modality use in the Fibroblastic repair phase may be change from cold to heat. The purpose of heat is to increase circulation to the injured area to promote healing. 4. During the Maturation-Remodeling phase, some type of heating modalities, ultrasound, or short wave and microwave diathermy should be used to increase circulation to the deeper tissue. In this phases, physical therapists must control training and conditioning habits to allow the injury to heal sufficiently.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2007

Purpose : The main purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of lower extremity strengthening on balance ability of knee osteoarthritis. Methods : The walking exercise group with modality treatment and strengthening exercise group with modality treatment. The walking exercise and strengthening for 40 minutes per day and three times a week during 6 weeks period. Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire(SFMPQ) was used to measure patient's pain level. Patient Specific Functional Scale(PSFS) was used to measure patient's functional disability level. BPM was used to measure sway area. Global Perceived Effect Scale(GPES) was used to measure recovery or worse of patient's condition. Results : 1. SFMPQ was strengthening exercise group showed significantly decreased more than walking exercise group(p<.05). 2. PSFS was strengthening exercise group showed significantly increased more than walking exercise group(p<.05). 3. Sway area was strengthening exercise group showed significantly limited area more than walking exercise group(p<.05). 4. GPES was strengthening exercise group showed significantly increased more than walking exercise group(p<.05). Conclusion : This study will be used as exercise method of patient with osteoarhtritis.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.51-66
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• 2001

Objective: The purpose of study was to compare physical therapy duration in relation tohealth care organization system in patients with low back pain. Subjects: Subjects of this study were 759 patients who are receiving physical therapy at 56 health care organization. Methods: Data were collected by questionnaire that had been completed by patients and physical therapist for two months. Physical therapy procedures consisted of modality application, manual therapy, active therapeutic exercise, and patient education. Physical therapy session duration was investigated for each physical therapy procedure. Data were analyzed in relation to the university hospital, hospital, and clinic. Results: The mean age of subjects was $42.84{\pm}15.46$. There were no significant differences in age among three groups. The number of patients diagnosed with herniated disc were 244(32.15%) and with mechanical low back pain was 187(24.64%). The mean treatment duration per day was 53.22 minutes, and the longest treatment duration was 61.28 minutes at the university hospitals (p<0.001). The mean modality application duration was 42.17 minutes, and the longest application duration was 46.26 minutes at the university hospitals (p<0.001). The mean duration for manual therapy was 5.11 minutes, and the longest treatment duration was 5.97 minutes at clinics. The mean duration for active therapeutic exercise was 4.16 minutes. It was 7.60 minutes at the university hospitals, and 2.48 minutes at clinics. There was a significant difference in active therapeutic exercise duration between university hospitals and clinics(p<0.001). For modalities, hot packs(89.33%) and interferential current therapy(60.87%) were mostly applied. For manual therapy, Soft tissue mobilization(32.93%) and manipulation(14.10%) were mostly applied. In general, treatment application duration was longer at University hospital (p<0.05). For therapeutic exercise, exercise without equipment(18.84%) and muscle strengthening (16.73%) were mostly performed. The longest treatment duration for therapeutic exercise was 7.60 minutes at the university hospital(p<0.05). Conclusion: physical therapy session duration for low back pain was 53.22 minutes. Modality application constitutes 79%, manual therapy 10%, active therapeutic exercise 8% of total treatment duration. It is concluded that patients do not participate actively in treatment procedures.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.48-56
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• 1996

The research of cold therapy is preceding rarely nowadays. This study was researched to measure the skin temperature of the right foot malleolus when the leg change the situation precisely speaking it was cold, elevation, cold plus elevation. Twenty young healthy volunteers(M:10, F:10)with no history of cardiopulmonary disease, peripheral artery disease were tested. This study were analyzed by one-way-repeated ANOVA. In the first we examined the within changes of the skin temperature between before and after examination for each modality. The skin temperature at all of modalities had fallen. Therefore we could know the fact that elevation plus cold modality had fallen skin temperature significantly more than elevation or cold. And there were no significant difference between male and female. We conclude that elevation and cold therapy could be better effective on edema, contusion and sprain than cold or elevation therapy independently.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.135-146
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• 2006

Multimodal interfaces are recognition-based technologies that interpret and encode hand gestures, eye-gaze, movement pattern, speech, physical location and other natural human behaviors. Modality is the type of communication channel used for interaction. It also covers the way an idea is expressed or perceived, or the manner in which an action is performed. Multimodal Interfaces are the technologies that constitute multimodal interaction processes which occur consciously or unconsciously while communicating between human and computer. So input/output forms of multimodal interfaces assume different aspects from existing ones. Moreover, different people show different cognitive styles and individual preferences play a role in the selection of one input mode over another. Therefore to develop an effective design of multimodal user interfaces, input/output structure need to be formulated through the research of human cognition. This paper analyzes the characteristics of each human modality and suggests combination types of modalities, dual-coding for formulating multimodal interaction. Then it designs multimodal language and input synchronization method according to the granularity of input synchronization. To effectively guide the development of next-generation multimodal interfaces, substantially cognitive modeling will be needed to understand the temporal and semantic relations between different modalities, their joint functionality, and their overall potential for supporting computation in different forms. This paper is expected that it can show multimodal interface designers how to organize and integrate human input modalities while interacting with multimodal interfaces.