• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.35-45
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• 2005

Objectives : To investigate the applicability of thermography as severity measurement in the patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Methods : Data were obtained from 80 patiens with OA of the knee. They were asked to answer two disease-specific questionnaire (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) OA index. Lequesne's Functional Index (LFI)), one generic instrument (Korean Health Assessment Questionnaire (KHAQ)), VAS in order to assess the severity of disease, quality of life, and degree of pain and taken thermography in standardized environment. Results : The thermal difference between ipsilateral side and contralaterla side of lateral aspect of knee was correlated with that of medial aspect of knee, and the thermal difference of anterior thigh was correlated with that of lateral, medial aspect of knee and patella region. Age, duration of disease, duration of morning stiffness, sex, crepitus, and painful side of knee were not correlated with the thermal differences of each region. LFI, WOMAC, WOMAC pain subscale, WOMAC stiffness subscale, WOMAC physical function, KHAQ, VAS were not correlated with the thermal differences of each region. Conclusion : Futher study on the thermography on OA of the knee in population with appropriate severity grade and the standardization of analysis of thermographic data were recommended.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.103-112
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• 2003

This paper focused on providing the groundwork for the development of proper nursing interventions to enhance the quality of life for the elderly by identifying the factors that may affect their health beliefs and behaviors. A survey was conducted on a group of people aged between 60 and 86 years residing in S and K cities from January to March of 2003, who agreed to participate in the research. Data was collected using instruments measuring health beliefs and health behaviors, and was analyzed by using SPSS. The results of this study are as follow. 1) Those in the group were aged between60 and 86 years, and the average age was 66.94 years old. Most of them were living together with their spouses. From the survey, 83.5% replied "above average" on the question regarding their current health condition, whereas, 46.0% mentioned that they had some sort of diseases. 2) Overall average score of the health belief was 516.05, with a mean $3.71{\pm}4.07$. This indicates that the studied group held a high level of health belief, which affects their attitude and intention to lead a healthy life by placing the present life under control in harmony with nature. 3) Overall average score of the health behaviors was 392.24 with a mean $2.82{\pm}.52$. For health purposes, the behaviors that the elderly people were taking were mostly static ones requiring a low level of activity. The analysis showed that they generally were involved in self-trained, individualized health care. Thus, the elderly place a higher priority on regular dietary behaviors than on physical activity. 4) The correlation between health belief, a cognitive aspect on health, and health behaviors, a behavioral aspect showed a very high linear relationship (r=.520, p<.000). Consequently, it is found that those who have higher cognitive health belief are involved in higher level of behavioral health practice. These findings concluded that the Korean elderly have good health beliefs, well controlling their minds and being harmonious with nature. Health behaviors that they are engaged in are mostly static, requiring low level activity, while they place higher priority on regular dietary habits and conducting self-trained individualized health care. Important factor affecting their health beliefs and health behaviors was found to be their health practice. Since higher health belief is highly related with good health behaviors, development of health activity programs is in need as a means for an efficient health improvement, where motivating environment may be established to enhance the health belief of the elderly and to satisfy individual values.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.110-126
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• 1995

Korean economy has been developed successfully in the course of implementing the five year economic development plans since 1962. The gap of incomes and quality of life between rural and urban area has been widened and it made rural farm laborers drain to urban areas. Therefore the prevailing situation of labor shortage and wage hike in rural area has made farm management deteriorate in recent years. Under the internal and international unfavorable economic conditions, marginal farm land of 66.5 thousand ha has been idled as of end of 1993. The total area outside agricultural development zone with bad farming conditions including irrigation and drainage, and land consolidation for mechanization were estimated at 360.4thousand ha equivalent to 17.5% of the total farm land area in Korea. Considering the topographical conditions of marginal lands, the effective use of marginal lands should be studied from the view point of public interest rather than from the view point of individual economic conditions. Considering the present agricultural economic settings, such as price decrease, unfavourable benefits of farm products, labour shrotage, free trade of farm products and poor physical condition of marginal lands, the institutional and realistical measures for the effective utilization of idle and marginal land should be studied as soon as possible. Detail land use pattern should be surveyed in the areas outside agricultural development zone and have to be classified as orchard farms, grass land, fish culture farms, lawn and ornamental tree farm, sight seeing and leisure farms for urban peoples, special crops production farms and common farms to be developed for farm mechanization. According to the surveyed results, the expected utilization patterns of the idle and marginal lands could be considerd as village common use, farm land base development, leisure farm development, mutual complementary utilization between urban and rural areas, G't purchase and management, credit supply and new extension services, improvement of cropping patterns and sight seeing and leisure farm patterns. For the successful and reasonable management of the marginal lands, the actions such as institutional improvement, prohibition of idle marginal land, enforcement of activities of farm management committee members and land banking system of RDC including development and utilization systems should be included.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.7
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• pp.21-51
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• 2001

For increasing the competitiveness and efficiency of Korea's finance industry under the new e-finance paradigm, this paper compared the practical use of finance portal site' on service parts and stage between Korea and U.S.A.. The services which can be served from site are banking, mortgage and credit loan, stock, card, retirement tax, PFM(Personal Finance Management), EBPP(Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment) and Account Aggregation and so on. The stage of site can be divided as the information provide stage which only gives information about service parts, on-line transaction stage which real-time transaction is possibile and PFM services provide stage according to development process. As a result, the beginning of finance portal service in Korea was lated about 10years and more than it of U.S.A. So the development stage of domestic portal site is still staying in the first step and the providing services and contents or business model development parts are also in the same stage than U.S.A. Resides, Korea's sites mainly focus on their first service parts even though they recently aim internet finance portal, and provide not real time transaction but finance information. On the other hand, the U.S.A. site support substantially not only various on-line transactions but also distinctive personal services like PFM(Personal Finance Management), EBPP(Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment), Account Aggregation and Trans-account, brokerage, education center, mortgage loan, mutual fund, option, pension fund and IPOs and so on. Thus, the site of Korea need to establish real type of internet finance portal which provides one-stop services on every type of finance to customers in the real time and also require the strategic integration among finance institutions. The next turn, they need to build information system and education center to give best satisfaction to customers and acquire customer information and marker environment changes and need to provide distinctive services to quality customers throughout database from this. Also the site should provide various type of banking services which refereed above like PEM, EBPP and education center etc, and the government of Korea should support the building of IT infrastructure to Physical, legal, systematic, sociocultural, technical and human resource sections. This paper provided the future movement direction of the domestic finance portal through comparison and analysis on the practical use of it between Korea and U.S.A. and also wanted to contribute for developing and reading of Korea finance portal in the new era of the finance paradigm.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.857-866
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• 2020

'Movement' is an expanded concept of 'place' where people act, interact with one another and achieve a specific purpose at every moment. Wheelchairs, as a mobility aid, have a profound impact on improving the quality of physical and psychological well-being for the mobility disadvantaged groups who have mobility difficulties. Such mobility aids were developed mainly for outdoor activities, but in recent years, mobility aids for indoor spaces, the main living environment, are also being developed. Because indoor mobility aids generally move short distances repeatedly, this study examined the characteristics of lithium-ion batteries in short-distance driving of battery-powered wheelchairs and compared them with the characteristics of lithium-ion batteries in continuous driving. The result showed that the driving time for short-distance driving was 2.8% shorter than that of continuous driving. The current supplied to the motor was 15.4% higher for short-distance driving than that of continuous driving.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.6_3
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• pp.1691-1710
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• 2020

We measured PM2.5 and PM10 (particulate matter less than 2.5 ㎛ and 10 ㎛ in diameter, respectively) simultaneously at 16 locations around an elementary school and classrooms in Busan and Pyeongtaek, South Korea. In this study, we compared the results of this field intensive with those in the literature (144 cases of 30 studies), focusing on I/O (Indoor/Outdoor) ratios. We also reviewed the results of previous studies, categorizing them into related sub-categories for indoor-activities, seasons, building-uses, and the surrounding environment. We conclude that indoor PM10 is affected more by indoor-sources (e.g., physical activities) than PM2.5 in the absence of combustion sources like smoking and cooking. Additionally, PM10 and PM2.5 likely have different indoor-outdoor infiltration efficiencies. Conclusively, PM10 in classrooms can be more sensitively affected by both indoor activities and ambient concentrations, and mechanical ventilation can be more efficient in reducing PM concentrations than natural ventilation.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.27-38
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• 2021

Non-Contact society has arrived due to social distinctions by COVID 19 pandemic. The arrival of the era of non-contact is having a profound impact on educational activities as well as on our social and economic lives. In response to the pandemic situation universities and all other educational institutions have implemented non-contact online classes. In particular arts physical educations and other practical classes are experiencing many difficulties due to the limited environment caused by social distancing from COVID 19 pandemic. Vocal classes are undergoing a transition mainly from 1:1 individual face-to-face lessons or group teaching methods to the non-contact era of online teaching or lesson methods. It is necessary to look at the direction of non-face-to-face practical classes in preparation for accelerated educational innovation. Edu-tech, which innovates technology in the wake of the age of non-contact after COVID 19 pandemic is expected to begin in earnest at school sites in Korea which have remained in the traditional way of education. The purpose of this study is to effectively non-contact vocal instructional methods by cogitating the current state of higher practical education and vocal classes in Korea. In addition, This study conducted two components of satisfied instructions such as 'Priorlearning of monitoring of recorded singing', and 'Immediate analyzing of various vocal contents and supplementary lessons of music theory' with a research on the peos and cons of non-face-to-face vocal class. Over a period of time, The effective non-contact of vocal instructional methods is in need to supplement non-face-to-face vocal class problems and further research and system construction with non-face-to-face vocal class's pros and cons to construct high-quality lecture contents is warranted.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.345-353
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• 2021

Cloud computing represent a new era of computing that's forms through the combination of service-oriented architecture (SOA), Internet and grid computing with virtualization technology. Virtualization is a concept through which every cloud is enable to provide on-demand services to the users. Most IT service provider adopt cloud based services for their users to meet the high demand of computation, as it is most flexible, reliable and scalable technology. Energy based performance tradeoff become the main challenge in cloud computing, as its acceptance and popularity increases day by day. Cloud data centers required a huge amount of power supply to the virtualization of servers for maintain on- demand high computing. High power demand increase the energy cost of service providers as well as it also harm the environment through the emission of CO₂. An optimization of cloud computing based on energy-performance tradeoff is required to obtain the balance between energy saving and QoS (quality of services) policies of cloud. A study about power usage of resources in cloud data centers based on workload assign to them, says that an idle server consume near about 50% of its peak utilization power [1]. Therefore, more number of underutilized servers in any cloud data center is responsible to reduce the energy performance tradeoff. To handle this issue, a lots of research proposed as energy efficient algorithms for minimize the consumption of energy and also maintain the SLA (service level agreement) at a satisfactory level. VM (virtual machine) consolidation is one such technique that ensured about the balance of energy based SLA. In the scope of this paper, we explore reinforcement with fuzzy logic (RFL) for VM consolidation to achieve energy based SLA. In this proposed RFL based active VM consolidation, the primary objective is to manage physical server (PS) nodes in order to avoid over-utilized and under-utilized, and to optimize the placement of VMs. A dynamic threshold (based on RFL) is proposed for over-utilized PS detection. For over-utilized PS, a VM selection policy based on fuzzy logic is proposed, which selects VM for migration to maintain the balance of SLA. Additionally, it incorporate VM placement policy through categorization of non-overutilized servers as- balanced, under-utilized and critical. CloudSim toolkit is used to simulate the proposed work on real-world work load traces of CoMon Project define by PlanetLab. Simulation results shows that the proposed policies is most energy efficient compared to others in terms of reduction in both electricity usage and SLA violation.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.489-498
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• 2022

Recently, the textile industry, which is labor-intensive, is attempting to reduce process costs and optimize quality through artificial intelligence. However, the fiber spinning process has a high cost for data collection and lacks a systematic data collection and processing system, so the amount of accumulated data is small. In addition, data imbalance occurs by preferentially collecting only data with changes in specific variables according to the purpose of fiber spinning, and there is an error even between samples collected under the same fiber spinning conditions due to difference in the measurement environment of physical properties. If these data characteristics are not taken into account and used for AI models, problems such as overfitting and performance degradation may occur. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an outlier handling technique and data augmentation technique considering the characteristics of the spinning process data. And, by comparing it with the existing outlier handling technique and data augmentation technique, it is shown that the proposed technique is more suitable for spinning process data. In addition, by comparing the original data and the data processed with the proposed method to various models, it is shown that the performance of the tensile tenacity and elongation prediction model is improved in the models using the proposed methods compared to the models not using the proposed methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.10
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• pp.1448-1453
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• 2012

Fried fish pastes containing different size and amounts of red ginseng powder (RGP) were manufactured, and their physico-chemical and biological properties, including color changes, preservation, weight loss after heating, lipid oxidation, and total colony count were analyzed to improve fish paste quality. Sensory evaluation of fish pastes containing RGP was carried out, and the results showed that 1% and 850 ${\mu}m$ sized RGP additives were most preferred. In the color change test, decreased $L^*$ (lightness), increased $a^*$ (redness), and increased $b^*$ (yellowness) values were observed, which was similar to other additive-containing commercial fish pastes. In the physical properties test, hardness and chewiness significantly increased in the 90 ${\mu}m$ sized RGP group. Weight loss of fish pastes containing RGP after heating was attenuated compared to commercial fish pastes. Fish paste containing RGP showed an inhibitory effect on lipid oxidation. Especially, the 10 ${\mu}m$ sized RGP group showed the most significant inhibitory effect on lipid oxidation and reduced total microbes during storage. Therefore, 1% addition of RGP can give rise to high quality fish pastes through improvement of sensory evaluation and physico-chemical properties. Moreover, functionally and physiologically improved fish pastes can be produced by adding different amounts of RGP.