• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

Purpose : to investigate change of isokinetic muscle strength and isokinetic muscle endurance of quadriceps femoris and hamstring after application of taping and static stretching. Methods : For this study, 14 male members of college soccer team participated in this research. Participants were divided into two groups: seven was assigned to a taping group(n=7) and the others were assigned to a static stretching exercise group(n=7). Main outcome was measured by using biodex. The isokinetic muscle strength test was processed at the speed of the $60^{\circ}$/sec five times, and isokinetic muscle endurance was processed at the speed of $180^{\circ}$/sec ten times. Results : From the outcomes of the measurement, the results show that there is a more significant difference in the taping group than in a static stretching exercise group. Conclusion : These results will be utilized for the preliminaries in the future.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.105-112
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• 2002

When any damage or disease occurs, muscular strength and muscular endurance are lowered, and thus, if one is able to be restored from the damage or the disease, appropriate stimulus is required, since the muscles have to restore their proper functions. For such stimulus, the way of exercising and the way using electric stimulus are used in physical therapy. In order to examine the change in muscular strength, muscular endurance and girth of limbs for Biceps brachii, according to the lands of stimulus, in this article a total of 42 healthy male and female adults in their twenties were randomly sampled, and a series of tests were conducted for 6 weeks, for 15 minutes per once, 3 times per week, respectively, dividing them into the group for RUS(Russian Current Stimulation), PRE(Progressive Resistive Exercise) and P+R(RUS + PRE). The findings showed that the change in muscular strength was most significant as for the group for P+R, since it increased from $62.12{\pm}25.30$ before experiment to $95.78{\pm}34.07$ after 6 weeks: the change in muscular endurance was most significant as for the group for P+R, since it increased from $17.57{\pm}6.63$ to $42.86{\pm}10.24$; and the change in the girth of limbs was slightly significant only in the group for P+R, and the remaining two groups showed no significance.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of various cool-down exercises on muscular strength and endurance. After receiving a treadmill training for main exercise, the subjects conducted isotonic and isometric cool-down exercises four times for three weeks. Isotonic exercise with leg press of 10kg was repeated by 20 times and isometric exercise was conducted at flexion of hip joint and knee joint with leg press of 10kg by maintaining it for 6 sec and resting for 2 sec by 20 times. Muscular strength after exercise was measured with 1 RM by times and muscular endurance with maximum repetition frequency using time to keep for loading the weight of 10 RM and 65% of maximum muscular strength. As a result of comparing and analyzing measured values, exercise recovery shape of isotonic and isometric cool-down group were more effective than rest recovery shape of the control group. The isometric cool-down group was more effective than isotonic cool-down group. In conclusion, isometric exercise was more effective than isotonic exercise or simple rest on muscular strength and endurance.

• Korean Educational Research Journal
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.1-23
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between physical fitness factors and academic achievement among high school students. As a research method, cardiopulmonary endurance, flexibility, muscular strength, muscular endurance, quickness, BMI index, and academic achievement of high school students were measured for 641 male and female high school students in 2014 and 2017. The results of this study show that cardiopulmonary endurance is correlated with cardiopulmonary endurance factors (p<0.05), cardiopulmonary endurance is correlated with flexibility and quickness (p<0.05), and flexibility is correlated with academic achievement (p<0.01). Muscle strength was correlated with quickness and body fat (p<0.05), and muscle endurance was correlated with muscle strength, quickness, and BMI (p<0.05), and correlation between quickness (p<0.01), and there was a correlation between academic achievement (p<0.01). The conclusion of this study is that developing and implementing a more effective physical fitness program can contribute to the academic achievement and physical fitness of domestic high school students because various physical activities have a positive relationship with academic achievement in addition to physical fitness.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.72-77
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of general sling-bridge exercise (GSE) and sling-bridge exercise with rhythmic stabilization technique (SER) on trunk muscle endurance and flexibility in adolescents with low back pain (LBP). 30 adolescents who had complaints of LBP were randomly assigned to one of the two groups: the GSE group (n=15) and SER group (n=15). Subjects performed each exercise programs for 4 weeks with the aim of improving trunk muscle stability; GSE group trained general bridge exercise with sling, SER group trained rhythmic stabilization bridge exercise with sling. The static and dynamic trunk muscle endurance and flexibility were measured before and at the end of the exercise program. The static and dynamic trunk muscle endurance were significantly improved in both groups (p<.05) and the SER group showed significant difference from the GSE group after the exercise (p<.05). The trunk muscle flexibility was significantly improved in both groups (p<.05) and the SER group were significantly different from GSE group post-exercise (p<.05). The results of this study showed that sling bridge exercise with rhythmic stabilization technique may be appropriate for improving trunk muscle stability in adolescents with LBP.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate a relationship among Taekwondo, soccer and gymnastic athletes their balance ability and lower extremity muscle strength, muscle endurance and also whether these variables show differences by sports type. For this purpose, 10 Taekwondo athletes, 10 soccer athletes and 10 gymnastic athletes that is a high school in I area were selected and their balance ability, isokinetic muscle strength and muscle endurance were measured by using force platform (AMTI) and isokinetic measurement (HUMAC NORM). Then the following results were obtained by conducting pearson product-moment correlation analysis and one-way ANOVA. In case of both right and left foot one-leg standing with open-eyes, there was a relation between both knee extension maximal muscle strength of Taekwondo, soccer, gymnastic athletes and balance ability, and in case of right foot one-leg standing with open-eyes, there was a relation between that is right plantar flexion and dorsi flexion maximum muscle strength and muscle endurance of Taekwondo, soccer, gymnastic athletes and their balance ability. Furthermore, in case of left dorsi flexion maximum muscle strength, there were significant differences in order of Taekwondo, gymnastics and soccer, and for isokinetic plantar flexion maximum muscle endurance, both right and left showed significant differences in order of Taekwondo, gymnastic and soccer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.655-666
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The main objective of this study is observing the effects of the functional postural trunk exercise (FPTE) on deep cranio-cervical flexor (CCF) muscle endurance applied on neck pain patients suffering from the acute whiplash-association disorder (WAD). METHODS: The study was tested with 47 patients with neck pain. All patients were equally treated with the ordinary therapy, only experimental group (n=23) was treated with FPTE: assumption of an upright lumbo-pelvic and spinal postural position, adding a neck lengthening manoeuvre in addition. Patients attended physical therapy for 3 times a week, for 4 weeks. Visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, neck disability index (NDI), range of motion (ROM), were recorded both before and after the intervention. Also muscle activity in the CCF test was employed to analyze the changes between before and after. RESULT: After 4 weeks of training intervention, a remarkable increase in muscle endurance, rotation, extension ROM (p<.05) and decrease in pain and NDI (p<.05) in both groups. Further, the differences between groups were muscle endurance (F=60.350, p<.01), pain, and the left rotation ROM (p<.05). CONCLUSION: From the results, the experimental group had significant the increase in muscle endurance, and the significant decrease in pain. Whilst further research in this category is necessary, these observations suggest that applying exercise in early diagnosis can be of help to treat the neck pain patients suffering from the WAD.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.113-122
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• 2012

This study assessed the amount of energy consumed and fat deposition after endurance training in order to review the effect of 4-week endurance exercise on resting metabolic rate of a mouse during and after exercise and the effect of exercise. A total of 19 seven-week-old ICR male mice were used as the study subject. Those mice were divided into sedentary group (Sed) and trained group (Tr) after a week of environment adaption. The Tr group was trained with endurance exercise five times a week for four weeks. Weight and the amount of food intake were daily weighed and resting metabolic rate and metabolic rate after exercise were assessed before starting exercise and on the fourth week after training. Metabolic rate during exercise were measured four weeks after training. At the end of breeding period, statistically significant difference was shown in weights of trained and sedentary groups (p < 0.05). During a resting period, no significant difference was shown in oxygen intake, respiratory exchange ratio, and the amount of carbohydrate and fat oxidized. Moreover, no significant difference was shown in excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) of an hour period after training. In contrast, the maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂ max) was approximately 11.1% higher in trained group after training compare to before. However, there was no significant difference in respiratory exchange ratio and carbohydrate and fat oxidization. During exercise, oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, and respiratory exchange ratio in energy metabolism during exercise showed no significant difference. However, significant difference was exhibited in the amount of fat oxidized in both groups. Summing up those results, endurance exercise could be concluded to be effective in weight control. However, weight loss is thought to be resulted from increase in fat oxidization during exercise unlike the conclusion made from previous studies where weight loss is prominently influenced by energy metabolism during a resting period and increased fat oxidation during post-exercise recovery. All experimental procedures were carried out at the Animal Experiment Research Center of Konkuk University. This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines of the Konkuk University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.43-53
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• 2023

Background: Patients with neck pain develop instability due to muscle imbalance, decreased proprioception, and balance disorders. Studies have examined various exercise methods as treatment methods, but few studies have compared the effects of cervical stabilization exercise and dynamic balance exercise. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dynamic balance exercise on pain, functional level, and psychosocial level in patients with non-specific chronic neck pain. Methods: Thirty-four non-specific chronic neck pain patients were randomly assigned to the experimental group (EG, n=17) and control group (CG, n=17); the cervical stabilization exercise and dynamic balance exercise program were applied to the EG; and only the cervical stabilization exercise program was applied to the CG. The intervention was conducted twice a week, for six weeks. Assessment items evaluated pain, dysfunction (Korean version neck disability index), range of motion, craniocervical flexion test, cervical deep flexor endurance test, and psychosocial level. Data analysis was performed using intention-to-treat analysis as assigned. To analyze differences in the items assessed in the two groups, we used a repeated measures analysis of variance with an interaction between group (EG, CG) and time point (baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks). Results: The endurance of the cervical flexor muscles between the group and the measurement point after intervention (p<.05). Both groups showed significantly improved endurance between time points after the intervention (p<.05), with the EG showing a greater change than the CG. None of the other measurement items differed in the pattern of change between measurement points. Conclusion: In conclusion, the EG applying a cervical stabilization exercise and a dynamic balance exercise experienced a significant difference in muscle endurance improvement compared to the CG. We propose an exercise intervention program that includes stabilization exercises and dynamic balance exercises for patients with chronic cervical pain who lack muscle endurance.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.239-249
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• 2018

Physical tests are performed at various stages of the development cycle of a product, from prototype validation to product qualification. Although costly, there are growing demands for qualification tests like endurance vibration testing to be more representative of the real world. At the same time there are growing demands to assess the durability of these items based on FEA simulation. In this paper, we will explain how to set up a CAE-based test and how to correlate the results with some physical measurements. Specific assumptions will be explained and some advantages of using virtual tests will be highlighted such as the reduction of the number of prototypes needed, investigations on failures, evaluation of the level of reliability via sensitivity analysis, evaluation of the margins are at the end of a successful test. This presentation will therefore focus on explaining and showing how virtual tests can enrich the exploitation of physical tests.