• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.779-791
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to measure a perceived joint discomfort in the seated and standing position, and to provide ranking systems of perceived joint discomfort. Nineteen mole subjects with no history of musculo-skeletal disorders participated in the experiment. Their physical characteristics were: age $-25.4{\pm}2.7$years, stature $-171.9{\pm}6.0cm$, and body weight $-67.1{\pm}7.0kg$. The results showed that the perceived joint discomforts were different depending upon the joints involved in motion and their movement directions (degree of freedom of motions), which implied that the human body motions and their degrees of freedom should be classified into several distinct classes that need to be assigned different weights of postural stress. Therefore, three ranking systems based on the perceived joint discomforts were suggested, which were classified by the degree of freedom of motions and joints, by only degree of freedom motions, and by joints involved in motion, respectively. In the seated position, the hip movement was the most stressful, the bock was the second, and the shoulder was the third. Likewise, in the standing postures, the hip was the most, the bock was the second, and the ankle was the third. It was expected that these joint motion ranking systems could be used by practitioners of health and safety to improve the comfort of working postures in industry.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.167-173
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• 1998

Many workers like welders work in squatting postures with the object on the ground during an entire work shift. It is suspected that such prolonged squatting without any supporting stool would gradually cause musculoskeletal injuries to workers. This study is to examine the physical stress caused by the prolonged squatting and to recommend a safe work/rest schedule for a welding task with squatting posture based on the lab experiments. In this study, 8 healthy student subjects participated in the experiment. They maintained a squatting work posture for 16 minutes with 4 different stool height conditions: no stool; 10cm height; 15cm height; and 20cm height. Every 2 minutes, the discomfort was subjectively assessed with the magnitude estimation method for the whole body, lower back, upper leg and lower leg. Based on discomfort ratings, we found that a 10cm height stool relieved the workload most. Discomfort rating results also indicated that a 20cm height stool showed the highest workload, and the there were no difference in workload between a 15cm height stool and no stool. We recommend to use low height stools and to maintain such working postures no longer than 6 minutes for prolonged squatting tasks.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2012

Purpose: Closed reduction and nasal packings for 3-7 days is usual procedures in managing nasal bone fracture. Most patients experience several discomfort owing to lack of nasal breathing. There are many reports concerning how to reduce patient's discomforts or complications. But it is obvious that the duration of nasal packing is 3-7 days. The aim of this study is evaluate the effect of half day nasal packing in results of nasal bone fracture. Methods: The study was performed on 97 nasal bone fracture patients who had simple nasal bone fractures from January to June 2012. The incidence, cause, patient's discomfort and satisfaction with half day nasal packing are analyzed according to patient's medical records and questionnaire at each nasal packing removal, postoperative 4 weeks. Results: Young male patients, especially the teenagers and the twenties were the common age group, and physical violence was most common cause of injury. A total of 78 out of 97 patients were male. In 92 cases, closed reduction were applied. Approximately, 87% of the patients were satisfied with the outcomes. Conclusion: Half day nasal packing is considered as an effective method to minimize patient's discomfort owing to prolonged absence of nasal breathing with maintenance of stability.

• 복식
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• 제60권5호
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• pp.88-105
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to grasp the actual wearing conditions, inconvenience and problems with cycle wear. To attain this purpose, a questionnaire was completed by direct observation and by interviewing bicyclists. The questionnaire was given to 273 bicyclists. The questionnaire consisted of items that are related to concerns with dressing appropriately and enhancement of physical performance through dress. Following are the results of this study. According to the survey, many of them purchased imported cycle wear rather than national cycle wear, and the satisfaction according with purchase rate was low. Bicyclists were uneasy with finding right size cycle wear especially for women. It turned out that the area of the knee and elbow are mostly the areas that they get hurt while riding. Even though the knee and elbow are the mostly hurt area, bicyclists do not prefer to wear appropriate protector for the knee and elbow to excel in their performance in cycling. In material related questions, lower dissatisfaction was indicated for the lints caused by fraction. Average satisfaction was indicated for the distortion after washing, changes in color, touch of the fabric, matters with static and sweat. With regard to the areas where the bicyclists felt discomfort was highly indicated with lower-body clothing. Discomfort was highly indicated with crotch area when riding long period of time. Also when riding a cycle, discomfort was indicated with the leggings cuffs when it comes upward with riding motion. Most of the bicyclists felt the tight fitting leggings were embarrassing.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.24-32
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• 2018

Purpose: To determine traits related to pregnancy and delivery, length of stay, health care cost, postpartum discomfort, and satisfaction with medical service of puerperas giving birth in midwifery clinic and hospitals. Methods: This study used a comparative survey design. Data were collected from a total of 140 postpartum mothers composed of 70 mothers who gave births in two hospitals and another 70 mothers who delivered in one midwifery clinic. Results: Delivery in midwifery clinic had higher Apgar score at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth than hospital. Those who delivered in midwifery clinic had shorter stay in the clinic, fewer health care cost, less postpartum discomfort in physical, environmental, social, and cultural areas, higher satisfaction with medical services than those who delivered in hospitals. Conclusion: Results of this study can be used as a basis for studies on giving birth in midwifery clinic and hospitals. They might increase the autonomy of women in giving birth with positive effect on the delivery experience of the mother and her spouse.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.248-260
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• 2023

This study provides basic data when planning nutrition support for healthy aging by revealing the relationship between various symptoms in the elderly and nutrient intake. From the 8th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, data from senior citizens aged 65 years or older in 2021 were used, and answers on the depression prevalence, activity restrictions, complaints of discomfort when chewing, and nutrient intake were analyzed through SPSS multiple logistic regression analysis. In the case of depression, there was a significant effect on the intake of four of the 20 nutrients (water, protein, cholesterol, and vitamin E). When experiencing activity restrictions, the intake of eight of the 20 nutrients (phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin A, vitamin D, beta-carotene, retinol, thiamine, and niacin) was affected. When experiencing chewing discomfort, the intake of three of the 20 nutrients (fat, magnesium, and vitamin E) was affected. Elderly people who suffer from depression, activity restrictions, and discomfort with chewing are at risk of various nutrient deficiencies, and related studies need to be conducted.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.352-362
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of obesity stress on the eating behavior of elementary school students. Using a questionnaire, 300 students in the sixth grade from 2 schools in Kyunggi-do were surveyed (Boys: N=145, Girls: N=155). Data analysis was managed by SPSS software (version 13.0). The link between obesity stress and eating habits or behaviors was dependent on physical discomfort. There was also a large group of students experienced irregularity in their meal times during the day. Furthermore, there were significant differences in mealtime among boys under psychic stress caused by obesity. In the case of dairy intake during breakfast, the significant signs of obesity stress for were physical discomfort for boys and psychic stress for the girls. It was found for both boys and girls that more frequent midnight snacking decreased the efforts to overcome obesity stress. Therefore, a professional nutrition program that can educate school children must be implemented both in school and at home. In addition to overweight or obesity children, normal weight and underweight children can also benefit from this program that includes health counseling for weight and eating behaviors.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.349-355
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• 2001

The use of bed in Korea has increased steadily, however, intensive survey on the general use and consumer's evaluation of their beds have not been performed sufficiently, yet. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the actual use of the consumer and their degree of evaluation for the component of the bed as well as their feeling of discomfort on the various parts of body. More than one hundred users of commercial beds were responded to the survey. The results obtained were as follows: (1) Complaint about the depression of the mattress and the noise from the bed was apparent in the current use of beds. (2) Important physical variable related to the comfortable sensation of the sleeping was the degree of support in maintaining the natural shape of the spine and waist. Durability and the degree of hardness of the mattress were also important physical parameters of bed perceived by consumer. (3) The degree of discomfort on the back and waist during sleep was closely related to the comfort evaluation of the bed.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.12-17
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• 1996

최근 각종 교통소음 공해의 심각성과 주민들의 생활의 질에 대한 요구는 나날이 높아 가는 추세이다. 따라서 소음영향평가 및 소음조절 방안수립에 대한 연구의 필요성이 절실히 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 문헌고찰 및 실측을 통하여 선진 외국의 고속열차에 대한 소음의 물리적 특성을 규명한 후, 국내에서 최초로 건설되는 고속철도 전용역사인 C 종합역사를 대상으로 외부환경 소음도를 평가하였다. 이는 향후 국내 고속철도 개통에 따른 소음영향의 제반 문제점 및 개선방향과 역사 건물 실내외의 소음방지 대책을 수립하는데 주요 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.725-736
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to identify the dimensions of consumers' dissatisfaction with dress shoes when purchase and while using them, and to examine the differences in dissatisfaction factors among consumers grouped by age, occupation and purchasing characteristics. A questionnaire consisted of 86 consumer's dissatisfaction statements with purchasing and using women's dress shoes was developed after conducting 3 pilot tests, and administered to 5BO women in age between 20 and 60 years residing in Seoul and the metropolitan areas in June, 1997, 457 were used for data analysis. Ten factors of dissatisfaction with the women's dress shoes when buying them were identified: attitudes of salespersons, bargain sales, variety of styles, store environment, inconvenience in using girt certificates, fashion. advertisement, display, design, and size. During purchase stage, consumers grouped by demographic characteristics and purchase behaviors showed significant differences in design, attitudes of salespersons, store environment, and selected dissatisfaction factors. Nine dissatisfaction factors with using dress shoes were identified: physical discomfort, after-service, distort of shape, low quality, surface defects, suede/ wearing out, fit, inferiority of color and texture/walking discomforts. During consumption stage, consumers with different demographic characteristics and purchase behaviors were found significantly different in physical discomfort, fit, and selected dissatisfaction factors.