• 한국재료학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.140-144
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• 2012

Compared with bulk material, quantum dots have received increasing attention due to their fascinating physical properties, including optical and electronic properties, which are due to the quantum confinement effect. Especially, Luminescent CdSe quantum dots have been highly investigated due to their tunable size-dependent photoluminescence across the visible spectrum. They are of great interest for technical applications such as light-emitting devices, lasers, and fluorescent labels. In particular, quantum dot-based light-emitting diodes emit high luminance. Quantum dots have very high luminescence properties because of their absorption coefficient and quantum efficiency, which are higher than those of typical dyes. CdSe quantum dots were synthesized as a function of the synthesis time and synthesis temperature. The photoluminescence properties were found strongly to depend on the reaction time and the temperature due to the core size changing. It was also observed that the photoluminescence intensity is decreased with the synthesis time due to the temperature dependence of the band gap. The wavelength of the synthesized quantum dots was about 550-700 nm and the intensity of the photoluminescence increased about 22~70%. After the CdSe quantum dots were synthesized, the particles were found to have grown until reaching a saturated concentration as time increased. Red shift occurred because of the particle growth. The microstructure and phase developments were measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD), respectively.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2010

To better understand the physical processes that maintain the high-latitude lower thermospheric dynamics, we have identified relative contributions of the momentum forcing and the heating to the high-latitude lower thermospheric winds depending on the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and altitude. For this study, we performed a term analysis of the potential vorticity equation for the high-latitude neutral wind field in the lower thermosphere during the southern summertime for different IMF conditions, with the aid of the National Center for Atmospheric Research Thermosphere-Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (NCAR-TIEGCM). Difference potential vorticity forcing and heating terms, obtained by subtracting values with zero IMF from those with non-zero IMF, are influenced by the IMF conditions. The difference forcing is more significant for strong IMF $B_y$ condition than for strong IMF $B_z$ condition. For negative or positive $B_y$ conditions, the difference forcings in the polar cap are larger by a factor of about 2 than those in the auroral region. The difference heating is the most significant for negative IMF $B_z$ condition, and the difference heatings in the auroral region are larger by a factor of about 1.5 than those in the polar cap region. The magnitudes of the difference forcing and heating decrease rapidly with descending altitudes. It is confirmed that the contribution of the forcing to the high-latitude lower thermospheric dynamics is stronger than the contribution of the heating to it. Especially, it is obvious that the contribution of the forcing to the dynamics is much larger in the polar cap region than in the auroral region and at higher altitude than at lower altitude. It is evident that when $B_z$ is negative condition the contribution of the forcing is the lowest and the contribution of the heating is the highest among the different IMF conditions.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.149-157
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• 2014

As the prediction of geomagnetic storms is becoming an important and practical problem, conditions in the Earth's magnetosphere have been studied rigorously in terms of those in the interplanetary space. Another approach to space weather forecast is to deal with it as a probabilistic geomagnetic storm forecasting problem. In this study, we carry out detailed statistical analysis of solar wind parameters and geomagnetic indices examining the dependence of the distribution on the solar cycle and annual variations. Our main findings are as follows: (1) The distribution of parameters obtained via the superimposed epoch method follows the Gaussian distribution. (2) When solar activity is at its maximum the mean value of the distribution is shifted to the direction indicating the intense environment. Furthermore, the width of the distribution becomes wider at its maximum than at its minimum so that more extreme case can be expected. (3) The distribution of some certain heliospheric parameters is less sensitive to the phase of the solar cycle and annual variations. (4) The distribution of the eastward component of the interplanetary electric field BV and the solar wind driving function BV2, however, appears to be all dependent on the solar maximum/minimum, the descending/ascending phases of the solar cycle and the equinoxes/solstices. (5) The distribution of the AE index and the Dst index shares statistical features closely with BV and $BV^2$ compared with other heliospheric parameters. In this sense, BV and $BV^2$ are more robust proxies of the geomagnetic storm. We conclude by pointing out that our results allow us to step forward in providing the occurrence probability of geomagnetic storms for space weather and physical modeling.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2004

금속에서의 흥미로운 광학적 특성들은 주로 표면 폴라리톤(surface polaritons: SP)의 기여에 의해 나타난다. 물질상수(유전율과 투자율)가 모두 음수인 왼손잡이 물질(left-handed materials: LHM)의 표면에서도 두 종류의 SP인 표면 전기-폴라리톤(surface electric-polariton: SEP), 또는, 표면 자기-폴라리톤(surface magnetic-polariton: SMP)이 형성되어 군속도와 위상속도가 서로 반전되는 경우가 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 금속물질과 LHM와 같은 메타물질(metamaterials)의 경계면에서 발생하는 SP의 전파특성을 분산관계를 통하여 분석하였다. 임의의 물질상수를 갖는 두 매질의 경계면에서 SEP와 SMP가 생성될 수 있는 일반화된 조건을 도출하였으며, 양쪽 매질을 통해 전파하는 에너지 비율의 차이에 의해 군속도와 위상속도가 반전된다는 물리적인 원인을 제안하였다. 도출된 SP 생성조건을 이용하여 금속물질과 메타물질의 경계면에서 전파하는 SEP와 SMP의 분산관계를 구하고, 주파수에 따라 다양한 SP의 전파특성이 나타날 수 있음을 보였다. SEP 및 SMP 분산관계로부터 구한 정량화 된 전파특성은 SP가 존재하기 위한 매질의 일반화된 조건과 에너지 전파 비율의 계산으로부터 얻은 결과와 일치함을 확인하였다. 특히, 두 매질 중 어느 한 매질이 LHM이 아니더라도 SP은 위상속도와 군속도가 반전되어 전파될 수 있음을 밝혀내었다.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2008

The magnetic and other physical characteristics of $Mn_xSi_{1-x}Te$ have been investigated by electron magnetic resonance (EMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and other experiments. $Mn_xSi_{1-x}Te$ is found to have corundum structure for manganese contents up to 10% and also to be ferromagnetic for temperatures below 80 K. While ferromagnetic resonance signal coexists with the usual paramagnetic resonance signal, invariance of the g-factor inferred from the electron paramagnetic resonance signals throughout all temperature ranges clearly confirms that the manganese ions are in the electronic 3d5 state. The temperature dependence of EMR line-width is the same as other diluted magnetic semiconductors. From the EMR signals relaxation times $T_2$ and $T_1$ of $Mn_xSi_{1-x}Te$ compounds are estimated to be about $4.4{\times}10^{-10}s$ and $9.3{\times}10^{-8}s$ respectively and are found to vary slightly with temperature or composition change. Exchange narrowing of the EMR line-width becomes dominant for the sample in which the substitution ratio, x = 30%. For one sample, in which x = 0.5%, spin glass-like behavior is indicated by EMR signals for temperatures lower than 60 K. This behavior may authentic for samples within a certain range of x.

• 전자공학회논문지D
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• 제36D권7호
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• pp.42-49
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• 1999

측면이 코어 가까이 연마된 단일모드 광섬유와 평면도파로의 소산장 결합을 이용한 광필터의 동작특성을 측정할 수 있는 간단한 방법이 제안되었다. 측면이 연마된 하나의 광섬유 블록(block)과 실리콘 산호막위에 평면도파로를 독립적으로 제작한 후 특성을 측정하기 위하여 물리적 압력으로 광결합을 시켰다. 굴절률이 다른 몇 가지 폴리머를 평면도파로의 코어층으로 이용하였다. 이 측정방법으로 소자제작 과정에서 광 결합기의 중심파장, 대역폭, 소멸비, 그리고 편광 의존성들이 간단하게 측정될 수 있다. 광도파로 물질의 굴절률이 높을수록 파장선택성이 높아졌다. 평면도파로의 대칭적 도파로 구조와 도파 물질의 등방성 때문에 편광의존성이 작게 나타났다. 삽입 손실을 0.5dB이하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 측정방법은 광섬유와 평면도파로 결합기를 이용한 광변조기와 광필터 등 다양한 소자개발에 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제45권9호
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• pp.21-25
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 MOSFET의 RF 성능을 극대화하기 위해 단위 게이트 finger 폭($W_u$)에 대한 $f_T$ 및 $f_{max}$의 종속데이터를 측정하고 이 결과를 소신호 모델 파라미터들을 추출함으로써 새롭게 분석하였다. 이러한 물리적 분석결과로 $f_T$의 최대값이 존재하는 원인은 좁은 $W_u$에서 $W_u$에 무관한 parasitic gate-bulk capacitance와 넓은 $W_u$에서 트랜스컨덕턴스의 증가율이 감소하는 wide width effect에 의한 것임을 알 수 있다. 또한, $f_{max}$의 최대값은 게이트저항이 좁은 $W_u$에서 크게 줄어들고 넓은 $W_u$에서 점점 일정하게 되는 non-quasi-static effect에 의해 발생된다는 사실이 밝혀졌다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2013

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of depression cognition and health promoting behaviors of smoking and non-smoking college students. Methods: The research design was a descriptive survey study, and 379 college students were selected by convenience sampling. Measurements were Fagerstrom test for Nicotine Dependence, Depressive cognition and Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile-II. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results: 1) Smoking students showed lower scores in depressive cognitions than non-smoking students, which means that the smoker's depression was higher than the non-smokers. 2) Depressive cognition and health promoting behaviors were negatively correlated for the smokers (r=-.30, p<.01), while they were positively correlated for the non-smokers (r=.45, p<.001). 3) The variables predicting the smoker's health promoting behavior were physical activity (OR .24), health responsibility (OR .25), spiritual growth (OR 5.10), stress management (OR 4.41), extrovert personality (OR .25), and depressive cognition (OR 1.81). Conclusions: Depression and health promoting behavior should be considered in the smoking cessation programs for college students.

• 천문학회보
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.64.2-64.2
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• 2016

Optical variability is one way to probe the nature of the central engine of AGN at smaller linear scales and previous studies have shown that optical variability is more prevalent at longer timescales and at shorter wavelengths. Especially, intra-night variability can be explained through the damped random walk model but small samples and inhomogeneous data have made constraining this model hard. To understand the properties and physical mechanism of optical variability, we are performing the KMTNet Active Nuclei Variability Survey (KANVaS). Test data of KMTNet in the COSMOS field was obtained over 2 separate nights during 2015, in B, V, R, and I bands. Each night was composed of 5 and 9 epochs with ~30 min cadence. To find AGN in the COSMOS field, we applied multi-wavelength selection methods. Different selection methods means we are looking different region in unification model of AGN, and 100~120, 400~500, 50~100 number of AGN are detected in X-ray, mid-infrared, and radio selection of AGN, respectively. We performed image convolution to reflect seeing fluctuation, then differential photometry between the selected AGN and nearby stars to achieve photometric uncertainty ~0.01mag. We employed one of the standard time-series analysis tools to identify variable AGN, chi-square test. Preliminarily results indicate that intra-night variability is found for X-ray selected, Type1 AGN are 23.6%, 26.4%, 21.3% and 20.7% in the B, V, R, and I band, respectively. The majority of the identified variable AGN are classified as Type 1 AGN, with only a handful of Type 2 AGN showing evidence for variability. The work done so far confirms that there are type and wavelength dependence of intra-night optical variability of AGN.

• 천문학회보
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.49.1-49.1
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• 2017

Comets are one of the most primordial solar system objects that hold the information of the early days of solar system formation inside their nuclei. Orbiting the Sun, they spew such ancient materials that have been buried for many years, creating dust and gas comae. Cometary dust grains absorb and scatter sunlight radiating the continuous light, while gas molecules form the line emissions. Eachof the comets has its own light patterns, which depends on the physical and chemical properties of the dust and gas components. In this regard, spectropolarimetrycan be a powerful tool to study the properties of cometary constituents free from contamination of each other. This methodology offers a series of information on the polarization degrees of the dust and gas components as well as on wavelength dependence of the polarization degree and polarization angle of cometary dust simultaneously. Herein, we will report the results of the spectropolarimetric study of comet 2P/Encke, which is one of the well-known objects for its shortest orbital period and its prominent aging signals. We performed a spectropolarimetric observation of comet 2P/Encke in its inbound orbit using the Higashi-Hiroshima Optical and Near-Infrared Camera (HONIR) at the Higashi-Hiroshima Observatory, Japan, on UT 2017 February 21 at high phase angle of =75.7 deg. Ourstudy of this interesting comet is the first and only one done through spectropolarimetry in a referred publication. We will discuss the most recent polarimetric results of our study in terms of 2P/Encke' scurrent evolutionary status.