• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.209-222
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• 2012

This study tests a model that physical environment for shopping experience consist of the emotional responses of consumers and the effect of it's behavioral reactions. Specifically, this study have discussed how to perceive the attractive environment for customers, how to induce positive feelings or negative, how to form a switching barriers, how to lead loyalty. This findings can be summarized as follows. The results show that the models fit the data well and that nearly all of the hypothesized relationship construct are supported. First, attractive physical environment of the store had an significant effect on positive emotions to customers. Second, positive emotions that customers response about physical environment of store have an significant effect on switching barriers and loyalty. Third, the switching barriers formed in the consumer's mind to store have a significant effect a positive loyalty. The results present that attractive physical environment of stores have been thought to be key to switching barriers and customer loyalty.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.53-62
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• 2016

Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to investigate for effective strategies to improve home exercise program (HEP) adherence in vestibular rehabilitation (VR). Design: Systematic review. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to identify effective strategies used to improve HEP adherence of patients in VR. Six databases, Academic Search Premier, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PUBMED, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched from their inception to December 31, 2015. The keywords used for search were 'home program', 'home intervention', 'compliance', 'adherence', 'vestibular rehabilitation', 'motion sickness', and 'motion sensitivity'. Results: A total of eight studies were selected to be included in the review. There was 95.2% agreement between the two reviewers who reviewed the studies using a quality assessment tool. The overall inter-rater agreement (${\kappa}$=0.73) showed good agreement between the reviewers. Strong evidence was identified for 3 major categories of effective HEP adherence strategies, 1) providing patient with written summary of HEP; 2) asking patient to maintain a record of HEP and symptoms; and 3) providing tele-rehabilitation in form of email and/or telephone support along with in person treatment sessions. Also, based on strong evidence, computerized technology was not found to be superior to other strategies for improving patients' HEP adherence in VR. Conclusions: The effective strategies for improving HEP in VR include written summary of exercise, maintenance of log of HEP and symptoms and tele-rehabilitation along with in person treatment sessions.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.485-491
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to compare of the fall risk factors for elderly in the city. 62 people aged 65 years or older were classified as fallers and nonfallers based on experience of their falls in the previous year. By comparing the difference between the groups via evaluations of general characteristics, health related behavior and chronic disease, balance-related psychological (K-ABC) and physical measurement (BBS), depression (SGDS), and the correlations between the significant differences in variables were identified. According to the results, K-ABC, BBS, and SGDS are statistically significant differences between fallers and nonfallers (P<0.05). Also it has positive correlations between BBS and K-ABC (r=0.499) whereas negative correlation between K-ABC and SGDS(r=-0.472).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.549-558
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• 2013

PURPOSE: This study is designed as a retrospective study, and identified the clinical usability of Sit to Stand (STS) test for predicting of fall incidence in stroke patients who experienced a fall within 1 year. METHODS: Between July 2011 and November 2012, 69 inpatients with stroke in K rehabilitation hospital were participated under voluntarily signing the informed consent form. STS test and 10m walk test (10MWT) were used to assess the muscle strength of lower-extremity and walking velocity, respectively. Also, we tested dynamic balance and motor function of lower-extremity in affected-side using with the Berg balance scale (BBS) and the Fugl-Meyer assessment of lower extremity (FM-L/E). METHODS: There were significant differences between subjects with fall-experienced group and without subjects without fall-experienced group in STS test, 10MWT, BBS scores and FM-L/E. STS test significantly showed a negative correlation between 10MWT (r=-.657), BBS (r=-.512), and FM-L/E (r=-.563). And, 10MWT have a influence on the performance of STS test (the capacity of explanation = 20%). The cut-off value of STS performance predicting falls experience is ${\geq}14.36$ seconds (sensitivity=76%; specificity=79%, area under curve=.785). According to logistic regression analysis of falls experience, subjects ${\geq}14.36$ s showed that 4.164 times (odd ratio) increased in falls than subjects < 14.36 s in STS test. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that STS test may be a useful tool predicting and measuring falls in patients with stroke. Further study will be needed to elucidate the kinematic analysis of STS test and the relationship between physical activity level and falls in stroke patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 2020

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of mild-intensity exercise (MIE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on the recovery of the motor function over time in sciatic nerve crush injury rats. METHODS: The MIE group ran on a treadmill at a speed of 8.3 m/min to perform low-intensity training with maximum oxygen uptakes ranging from 40 to 50%. The HIIE group ran on the treadmill at a speed of 25 m/min to perform high-intensity training with a maximum oxygen uptake of 80%. The interval training was performed based on a 1:1 work-to-rest ratio. The effects of each form of exercise on the rats' walking abilities following their recovery from the peripheral nerve injuries were evaluated based on the results of behavior tests performed at one and 14 days. RESULTS: According to the test results, the MIE group showed significant improvements in the rats' ankle angle in the initial stance phase, and in the ankle and knee angles in the toe-off phase (p<.05). The HIIE group exhibited significant improvements in the ankle and knee angles in the initial stance phase, SFI(p<.05). CONCLUSION: The state of such patients can be improved by applying the results of this study in that MIE and HIIE on a treadmill can contribute to the recovery of the peripheral nerve and motor skill. In particular, MIE is used as a walking functional training in the toe-off stance phase, while HIIE is suitable in the initial stance stage.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate whether therapeutic exercise has effectiveness on the balance and gait in older adults. Methods: 30 patients were participated in this study. To evaluate the effects of therapeutic exercise, patients were evaluated by using One leg stand test which was static balance test, Berge balance test, Functional reach test and Get up and go test which was dynamic balance test. Finally Gait pattern were assessed by using 3-dimensional gait analysis system. The assessment parameters were evaluated before and after treatment. And we received a consent form from all patients. The data were analyzed by paired t-test for compare pre and after therapeutic exercise. Results: One leg stand test was significantly increased after than before therapeutic exercise. Get Up and Go test was significantly decreased after than before therapeutic exercise. Functional Reach test was significantly increased after than before therapeutic exercise. Burge Balance test was significantly increased after than before therapeutic exercise. Stride length was significantly increased after than before therapeutic exercise. Cadence was significantly increased after than before therapeutic exercise. Velocity was significantly increased after than before therapeutic exercise. Conclusion: We thought that therapeutic exercise that is mat exercise has effectiveness on the balance and gait in older adults.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.191-197
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• 2012

Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between degree of stress and quality of life in mothers of children with cerebral palsy. Methods: This study's subjects were 77 mothers of children under 10 years of age with cerebral palsy. The instrument is a self-administered, structured, written questionnaire. The tool that measured the degree of stress was created by modifying the questionnaire by Park (2004). Quality of life for all mothers with cerebral palsy was evaluated by the ShortForm-36 Health Questionnaire. To verify the effects on degree of stress and quality of life arising from general characteristics, t-tests and ANOVAs were conducted. The correlation between degree of stress and quality of life was analyzed via Pearson's correlation analysis. Results: The mothers' degree of stress was rated as 2.69 out of 5; their quality of life was rated as 53.07 out of 100. There was a significant negative correlation between quality of life and the age of cerebral palsy and positive correlations between quality of life and mother's age, background, and family income. Degree of stress among mothers has a positive correlation with quality of life. Conclusion: This study provides basic data about the relationship between degree of stress and quality of life in mothers of children with cerebral palsy.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.73-79
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• 2008

Background : Treadmill training has been proposed as a useful adjunct to conventional physical therapy to restore ability to walk after stroke. The purpose of this study to inform clinical practise by evaluating the research evidence for the effectiveness of treadmill training after stroke. Methods : We searched to the effectiveness of any form of intervention for effect of treadmill training by Dankook University electronic library databases of Medline, Embase, Cinahl, Amed and PEDro combined with a hand search of papers published in relevant peer-reviewed journals. Any type of study relevant to the topic published in English during time period from 1980 to 2007 was included. Results : The literature search identified 35 studies. The included studies enrolled a total of 374 subjects. 1. Treadmill retraining without partial body weight support might be more effective than no treatment at improving gait velocity, get up and go time, gait endurance and step length symmetry. 2. Treadmill retraining with partial body weight support might be more effective than no treatment in improving step length symmetry, gait velocity, gait endurance and balance. 3. Treadmill retraining might be more effective with partial body weight support than without it at improving gait velocity and motor improvement as measured by The Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement(STREAM). 4. Treadmill retraining without partial body weight support may be no different from physiotherapy and increase gait velocity to conventional gait therapy. 5. Treadmill retraining with partial body weight support may be no different from physiotherapy for gait velocity, motor recovery and balance. Conclusion The review suggests that although treadmill training of gait, especially with partial body weight support, might Improve gait parameters and functional mobility, unless treadmill training is directed at Improving gait speed it might be no more effective than conventional physical therapy at improving gait parameters.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.83-92
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the continuous forms of time and space that work as architectural design principles of the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe (Jewish Memorial). Continuity is divided into two, physical and non-physical attributes. The former extends from small installations to furnitures, finishes, spatial composition, and even spatial networks that complete architecture, and the latter is tied to time, from traditional to historical, developmental, commemorative or memorial elements. They are inherent in architecture as continuous forms. The Jewish Memorial is analyzed by the analysing framework of these two items. The analysis of the two layers can be summarized as follows; physical continuity is found in the space networks of the Memorial's inside and outside, the undulating spaces, the finishes, the small furnitures and installations, the entrances of staircases, the expanded underground of the ground order, and non-physical continuity manifests in the topological variation of spatiality, the morphological development of memorial architecture, the connection of semantic sense of space, and the superposition of historicity and modernity. These forms of continuity do not aestheticize the German enormity history, but make the meaning of the Memorial into non-superficial, in-depth architecture as a monument. Thus, the results of this study show that physical and non-physical continuity should be considered as the important design principles of architecture that makes the Memorial architecture possible.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.249-254
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• 2022

Background: The lateral step down (LSD) is a form of stair negotiation used by the elderly because it requires less movement of the lower extremity. Although it is necessary to study the amount of pelvic drop and the strength of a hip abductor during LSD for intervention, limited studies have investigated the relationship between the amount of pelvic drop and strength of a hip abductor during LSD in elderly people. Objects: This study aimed to determine the relationship between the amount of pelvic drop on an unsupported leg and the strength of the hip abductor during LSD in the elderly. Methods: Thirty elderly people (male: 17, female: 13) were recruited. Subjects performed the LSD task, and the evaluator measured and the amount of pelvic drop on an unsupported side. Also, the isometric strength of the hip abductor was measured in a supine position. Results: We found significant relationships between the strength of the hip abductor and the amount of pelvic drop (r = -0.386). The average hip abductor strength normalized by body weight was 1.06 N/kg (max: 1.99, min: 0.52) and the average contralateral pelvic drop (CPD) angle was 4.16° (max: 15.3, min: 0). Conclusion: Our results indicated that the strength of the hip abductor had a moderate correlation with the CPD during a LSD in the elderly. Hip abductor weakness could translate into altered movement of the pelvis.