• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.28
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• pp.124-132
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of physical environments change on children. Specifically, this study investigated the effects of a newly designed elementary school environment to implement open education on elementary school students. The changed environment was improved in various aspects including architectural type, the number of space types, layout, shape of the building, and color planning. This study showed evidence of interaction between aspects of the physical environment and the actual behaviors of children. The impacts of change in physical environment, more specifically, on children was confirmed by the study. Therefore, this study can be used as a basis to insist why physical educational environment needs improvement, to insist importance of physical educational environment and to justify importance of physical environment in educational setting.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.347-357
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• 2009

This study conducted a vulnerability assessment on Korea's physical infrastructure to provide base data for developing strategies to strengthen Korea's ability to adapt to climate change. The assessment was conducted by surveying professionals in the field of infrastructure and climate change science. A vulnerability assessment was carried out for seven climate change events: average temperature increases, sea level rise, typhoons and storm surges, floods and heavy rain, drought, severe cold, and heat waves. The survey asked respondents questions with respect to the consequences of each climate change event, the urgency of adaptation to climate change, and the scale of investment for adaptation to each climate change event. Thereafter, management priorities for infrastructure were devised and implications for policy development were suggested. The results showed that respondents expected the possibility of "typhoons and storm surges" and "floods and heavy rain" to be the most high. Respondents indicated that infrastructure related to water, transportation, and the built environment were more vulnerable to climate change. The most vulnerable facilities included river related facilities such as dams and riverbanks in the "water" category and seaports and roads in the "transport and communication" category. The results found were consistent with the history of natural disasters in Korea.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.27-32
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• 2012

In recent years, the quality of the outdoor thermal environment has come to be regarded as important as that of the indoor thermal environment. Since the outdoor thermal environment is composed of many elements and is affected by many factors, it is not easy to evaluate the impact of each factor separately. Hence, a comprehensive assessment method is required. In order to evaluate the pedestrian level comfort of an outdoor climate, it is necessary to investigate not only wind velocity but also various physical elements, such as temperature, moisture, radiation, etc. Prediction of wind and thermal environment for a large scale buildings is one of the most important targets for research. Wind and thermal change in a city area is a very complicated phenomenon affected by many physical processes. The purpose of this study is to develop a design plan for wind environment at a large Buildings. In this study, we analyze outdoor wind environment and thermal environment on buildings using the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) method. The arrangement of building models is an apartment in Jeonju. These prediction of wind and thermal environment for a large scale buildings is necessary in a plan before a building is built.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.22-34
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• 2007

We researched the previous study about the restaurant's physical environment and had made up questionnaires. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of physical facilities of family restaurants on customers' satisfaction. The result was as follows: First, customers visited with friends or family irrespective of days $2{\sim}3$ times a month. Second, the physical environment factors of family restaurants were interior design, interior, making atmosphere and exterior. Third, it was the interior factor(0.268), making atmosphere factor(0.353) and exterior factor(0.244) that affected customers' satisfaction in family restaurants(p<0.001). $R^2$ change was 0.659 and the regression model was suited to our study(F=56.475). To increase customers' satisfaction, the physical environment of family restaurants needs remodeling in proper time.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.151-159
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• 2024

Purpose : This study was conducted to investigate correlation between patient satisfaction and rehabilitation motivation in a physical therapy environment. Methods : This study conducted a survey on musculoskeletal and neurological patients receiving rehabilitation treatment at a hospital. The subjects of the study were patients who were currently receiving rehabilitation treatment, either hospitalized or outpatient. 234 people were collected. A questionnaire was consisted of a total of 55 questions, including 27 questions about motivation for rehabilitation, 14 questions about physical therapy service environment, and 14 questions about patient satisfaction and intention to revisit. The detailed items in rehabilitation motivation consisted of 8 questions about task-oriented motivation, 7 questions about change-oriented motivation, 4 questions about obligatory motivation, 4 questions about external motivation, and 4 questions about intrinsic motivation, and in the physical therapy service environment, 4 questions about facility service and therapist service. , 6 questions, 4 questions about services used, 3 questions about friendliness, 4 questions about professionalism, 3 questions about treatment satisfaction, and 2 questions each about repeat visit and recommendation. Results : Facility service (r=.21) was highly correlated for task-oriented motivation, therapist service (r=.22) for change-oriented motivation, therapist service (r=.31) for mandatory motivation, therapist service (r=.19) for external motivation, and facility service (r=.56) for internal motivation. Revisit for task-oriented motivation (r=.47) is kind to change-oriented motives (r=-.13) was highly correlated with kindness (r=.19) for mandatory motives, recommendation (r=.14) for external motives, and expertise (r=.52) for internal motives. There was a high correlation between professionalism (r=.61) for facility services and kindness (r=.53) for therapist services, and revisit (r=.40) for service use. Conclusion : According to the results of this study, it was found that there was a correlation between patient satisfaction and rehabilitation motivation in a physical therapy environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2015

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the physical therapy treatment room environment using microwave diathermy on the autonomic nervous system of human body. METHODS: Participants were 24 healthy adults. Standard deviation of all normal R-R intervals(SDNN), root mean square of successive differences(RMSSD), low frequency(LF), high frequency(HF), LF/HF ratio were compared in microwave irradiation and non-irradiation group. Data were analyzed in Wilcoxon's signed-ranks test and Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Standard deviation of all normal R-R intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), low frequency(LF), high frequency(HF), LF/HF ratio were not significantly different in microwave irradiation group. Standard deviation of all normal R-R intervals(SDNN), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), low frequency(LF), high frequency(HF), LF/HF ratio were not significantly different in microwave non-irradiation group. Standard deviation of all normal R-R intervals(SDNN), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), low frequency(LF), high frequency(HF), LF/HF ratio were not significantly different between two groups. CONCLUSION: There was no significant change in the sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system regardless of the presence of microwave irradiation. There was no significant change in the autonomic nervous system adaptability regardless of the presence of microwave irradiation.According to this study, microwave diathermy does not have significant effect on the autonomic nervous system.Future study is necessary to investigate the long term effect of the physical therapy treatment room environment using microwave diathermy on the autonomic nervous system of the human body.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.433-440
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• 2001

Marine organisms in Antarctica live in an environment which exhibits variability in physical processes over a wide range of temporal scales, from seconds to millennia. This time scale tends to be correlated with the spatial scale over which a given process operates, though this relationship is influenced by biology. The way organisms respond to variability in the physical environment depends on the time-scale of that variability in relation to life-span. Short-term variations are perceived largely as noise and probably have little direct impact on ecology. Of much greater importance to organisms in Antarctica are seasonal and decadal variations. Although seasonality has long been recognised as a key feature of polar environments, the realization that decadal scale variability is important is relatively recent. Long-term change has always been a feature of polar environments and may be a key factor in the evolution of the communities we see today.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.491-502
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• 2014

As meteorology is the driving force for lake thermodynamics and mixing processes, the effects of climate change on the physical limnology and associated ecosystem are emerging issues. The potential impacts of climate change on the physical features of a reservoir include the heat budget and thermodynamic balance across the air-water interface, formation and stability of the thermal stratification, and the timing of turn over. In addition, the changed physical processes may result in alteration of materials and energy flow because the biogeochemical processes of a stratified waterbody is strongly associated with the thermal stability. In this study, a novel modeling framework that consists of an artificial neural network (ANN), a watershed model (SWAT), a reservoir operation model(HEC-ResSim) and a hydrodynamic and water quality model (CE-QUAL-W2) is developed for projecting the effects of climate change on the reservoir water temperature and thermal stability. The results showed that increasing air temperature will cause higher epilimnion temperatures, earlier and more persistent thermal stratification, and increased thermal stability in the future. The Schmidt stability index used to evaluate the stratification strength showed tendency to increase, implying that the climate change may have considerable impacts on the water quality and ecosystem through changing the vertical mixing characteristics of the reservoir.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.214-221
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate and reveal the effects that the complex exercise training consisting of aerobic exercise and strength training(sit up, push up) that everyone can easily practice regardless of a time and a place in order to manage practically the physical strength of the aged affects the difference on their body composition and the change of physical fitness level. Looking into the change of body composition of an experimental group, the weight of 2.5kg was reduced after applying complex training for 12 weeks and the body fat mass of 2.65kg was reduced. Also, the abdominal fat of 0.13% was decreased and the muscle mass of 1.56kg was increased. For the change factors of physical fitness, cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, balance and flexibility excluding agility showed significant improvement after applying complex exercise training. The improvement of health fitness of the aged under this study was significantly effective to improve specified body functions which had been lowered by aging and insufficient physical activities. So, it is regarded that their health fitness is the important factor to improve the activity competence required for daily life and to lead healthy living by the improved activity competence. Henceforth, it needs to study more the complex composition of several sports, exercise intensity and the frequency based on the previous researches and studies. In addition, it needs to develop the complex exercise training in accordance with various characteristics such as a sex of the aged, an age, a physical fitness level, environment, a disease and the program in consideration of the efficacy and safety during training.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.89-102
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence the need for improvements to dormitory environments and to study the stress from school-life according to residential satisfaction in dormitories and housing. For the purpose of this study, a survey was conducted including a questionnaire consisting of a residential satisfaction scale, a need of dormitory environment improvement scale, and a school-life stress scale. The subjects were 453 special purpose students in Daegu and Gyeongsangbuk-do who all live in a dormitory. Factor analysis, Cronbach' $\alpha$ and MANOVA were employed for data analysis, and Scheffe test was used for post-hoc analysis. First, the lower group the satisfaction of a physical residential environment in a dormitory, the more likely it is that the dormitory environment need improvement. The result of this study suggests that dormitory students are much more sensitive to conditions relating to physical residential satisfaction than to sociopsychological residential satisfaction. Also, the residents believe that change to these physical residential conditions facilitate an improvement to sociopsychological residential satisfaction. Moreover, when the satisfaction of a physical residential environment is lower group, more perceptive stress occurs from academic, health and personal factors while a lower satisfaction for the sociopsychological residential environment results in a more perceptive stress from the environment. The result of this study suggests that dormitory conditions indicate the necessity of improving the environment to adapt well to school-life, thus reducing stress. Also when simply providing a supplementary physical residential environment the sociopsychological residential environment should be considered, as this can cause conflicts between roommates. Second, the lower group the satisfaction for a physical residential environment in housing, the more likely it is that the dormitory environment need improvement. The result of this study suggests that for environments of inadequate housing there is a strong urge towards needing more independence and a better living environment. Third, when group feel there is a more substantial difference in the physical residential environment between dormitories and housing, it is more likely it is that the dormitory environment need to be improved. Also, when they feel there is more substantial difference in the sociopsychological residential environment between dormitories and housing, a more perceptive stress is detected from the environment. The result of this study suggests that dormitory students want to have the same level of conditions as those provided in housing. Also, dormitory students want to need more physical environment improvement than sociopsychological environment improvement.