• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.193-196
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• 2013

This study was carried out to evaluate the physical characteristics of total mixed rations (TMR) prepared in Korea for improving productive effectiveness of dairy and beef cattle. The 40 samples of commercial TMR for dairy and beef cattle in 6 municipals were collected and analyzed for chemical composition and physical properties. There were significant regional differences (p<0.05) in dry matter and crude protein contents of TMR for dairy and beef cattle. In roughage value index (RVI), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content, and physically effective NDF (peNDF)$_{1.18}$ content, there were no regional differences in TMR for dairy cattle, but there were significant regional differences (p<0.05) in TMR for beef cattle. Thus the results from this study support that because RVI, NDF content, and peNDF content in TMR for dairy and beef cattle exceeded recommended ranges, a little adjustment in TMR for dairy cattle will be necessary to obtain optimal productivity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1256-1266
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• 2009

Effects of particle size and physical effective fibre (peNDF) of rice straw in diets on chewing activities, feed intake, flow, site and extent of digestion and rumen fermentation in goats were investigated. A 4${\times}$4 Latin square design was employed using 4 mature Liuyang black goats fitted with permanent ruminal, duodenal, and terminal ileal fistulae. During each of the 4 periods, goats were offered 1 of 4 diets that were similar in nutritional content but varied in particle sizes and peNDF through alteration of the theoretical cut length of rice straw (10, 20, 40, and 80 mm, respectively). Dietary peNDF contents were determined using a sieve for particle separation above 8 mm, and were 17.4, 20.9, 22.5 and 25.4%, respectively. Results showed that increasing the particle size and peNDF significantly (p<0.05) increased the time spent on rumination and chewing activities, duodenal starch digestibility and ruminal pH, and decreased ruminal starch digestibility and $NH_{3}$-N concentration. Intake and total tract digestibility of nutrients (i.e. dry matter, organic matter, and starch) and ruminal fermentation were not affected by the dietary particle size and peNDF. Increased particle size and peNDF did not affect ruminal fibre digestibility, but had a great impact on the intestinal and total tract fibre digestibility. The study suggested that rice straw particle size or dietary peNDF was the important influential factor for chewing activity, intestinal fibre and starch digestibility, and ruminal pH, but had minimal impact on feed intake, duodenal and ileal flow, ruminal and total tract digestibility, and ruminal fermentation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1405-1409
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• 2017

Objective: This experiment was to determine proper physical traits in the diet for goats by investigating the effects of physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF) content on dry matter intake (DMI), digestibility, and chewing activity in black goats fed with total mixed ration (TMR). Methods: Six growing wethers of Korean native black goats (Capra hircus coreanae) aged 8 months and weighing between 26.9 kg and 27.1 kg ($27.03{\pm}5.05kg$) were used in this experiment. Three diets of varying peNDF content were obtained by original TMR (T1), 12,000 rpm grinding (T2), and 15,500 rpm grinding (T3) of the same TMR diet. The $peNDF_{1.18}$ content of the experimental diets was 23.85%, 21.71%, and 16.22% for T1, T2, and T3, respectively. Results: Average daily gain (ADG) was higher in T2 group compared to those of the control and T3 groups, but ADG and DMI were not affected by the dietary particle size and peNDF content. Also, there was no difference between apparent nutrient digestibility of dry matter, crude fiber, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber. Although there was no significant difference, rumination and total chewing time were associated with decreased peNDF content. Conclusion: The feeding of peNDF-based TMR showed no impact on apparent nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance. Further studies are required with a wider range of dietary peNDF level and particle size to better identify the effect of dietary peNDF and particle size on chewing activity and performance in goats.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.12-16
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• 2015

본 시험은 TMR 사료의 물리적유효섬유소(peNDF) 함량의 차이가 한우 비육거세우의 생산성과 도체특성에 미치는 영향을 검토하여 TMR 사료내 적정 조사료가치 평가를 위해 실시하였다. 공시가축은 26개월령의 한우 거세우 12마리이고, 물리적유효 NDF (peNDF) 함량이 높은 처리구(High군)과 낮은 처리구(Low군)의 2개 군을 이용하여 출하시까지 사양실험을 실시하였다. 실험에 사용한 비육후기용 TMR 사료는 물리성 처리를 위해 배합시간을 3분(High)과, 25분(Low)으로 처리하였다. 실험동물은 출하한 후 축산물 품질평가원에서 도체평가를 하였다. 실험기간 중 체중증가(P<0.05) 및 일당증체량은 High 구에서 높았으며, 유의성은 인정되지 않았으나 도체중 역시 High 구가 $414.60{\pm}34.28kg$으로 Low 구의 $377.80{\pm}11.97kg$ 보다 높게 나타났다. 육질등급은 High 구가 평균 $1^+$ 등급이었던 것에 비해 Low구는 평균 $1^{++}$ 등급으로 오히려 육질 등급은 Low 구에서 높은 것으로 나타났다. High 구는 채식량과 체내 이용성에 영향을 미쳐 체중 증가와 일당 증체량 및 도체중의 증가를 가져와 생산성은 증가되었으나 등지방두께의 증가 및 육질 등급에서는 다소 저하를 가져오는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 한우 거세 비육우에 있어서도 사료 내의 물리적 유효 섬유 함량은 가축생산성과 도체특성에 영향을 미치고 있기 때문에 그에 대한 적정 함량의 규명이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.288-295
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• 2014

본 연구는 옥수수 사일리지를 이용하여 TMR 제조 시 배합시간에 따른 물리적 특성(Particle size, peNDF 및 laceration)의 변화를 조사하고, 반추위 내 in situ 건물분해율 및 비유중기 착유우의 유생산성에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 수행되었다. TMR 시험사료는 동일한 원료를 이용하여 배합시간을 30분(T1구)과 50분(T2구)으로 제조하였다. Penn State Particle Size Separator (PSPS, 19 mm와 8mm 체)로 분리하여 입자크기의 분포를 분석한 결과 배합 시간이 30분(T1)에서 50분(T2)로 증가함에 따라 하층(<8mm)의 비율이 유의적으로 증가하였고(p<0.01), $peNDF_{&gt;8.0}$는 유의적으로 감소하였으며(p<0.01), 굵은 비율(${\geq}1mm$) 이 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.01). 반추위 내 in situ 건물 분해율은 모든 배양시간에서 처리구간 차이가 없었지만 24시간 배양에서 T1구에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. (p<0.01). 산유량은 처리구간 차이가 없었지만 유지방은 T1이 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.01). 본 연구 결과에서 옥수수 사일리지 위주의 TMR 제조 시 배합시간을 단축 조절함으로서 산유량 및 유성분에 대한 부정적 영향 없이 조사료의 물리적 사료가치를 증진하는데 효과가 있을 것으로 기대된다.