• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 1988

This study was carried out to investigate the fiber length, fiber width and fiber thickness on the longitudinal direction by the parts of culm and also specific gravity in air dry, dyna.mic mechanical properties and internal frictions by the internode and the node in Phyllostachys bambusoides Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis and Phllostachys edulis which were grown in Korea. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The variations of fiber length and fiber width on the longitudinal direction had a tendency to increase slightly from the butt and then to decrease toward the top. but there was not a definite variation for fiber thickness according to the parts of culm. 2. The specific gravity in air dry of internode was increased from the butt toward the top, but the specific gravity in air dry of node was not correlations with the parts of culm. 3. Dynamic Young's modulus of internode on the longitudinal direction was increased according to the heights of culms within each species, and there were in order of P. edulis P. nigra var. henonis and P. bambusoides. 4. Correation coefficients between the specific gravity and the dynamic Young's modulus were 0.837 in P. bambusoides 0.871 in P. nigra var. henonis and 0.935 in P. edulis and there was also highly significant for dynamic Young's modulus between the specific gravities in air dry. 5. There were not correlations between the internal frictions and the parts of internode.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.14-23
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• 1987

This study was carried out to investigate the anatomical characteristics, the radial and axial variation of the cell dimension and bulk density for four bamboo species used as the major material of bamboo products in Korea; Phyllostachys(P.bambusoides, P.edulis, P.nigra var.henonis, and Pnigra). The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1) In the outer part of culm, the mophological difference of cell diameter and distribution were not acknowledged. However, gum-like substance was occurred In the epidermis, hypodermis, cortex and metaxylem vessel of P.nigra, while it was occured only in the metaxylem vessel of P.edulis. 2) The protoxylem vessel in the central zone of culm-wall could be in the two types; the first type consisted of 4-5 small cell pieces occurred in P.edulis and P.nigra var. henonis, the second type of 1-2 large cell pieces in P.bambusoides and P.nigra. And transition of cell diameter from the vascular bundle sheath to the ground tissue was gradually enlarged in P.nigra and P.edulis but abruptly in P.bambusoides and P.nigra var. henonis. 3) Thin-wall tyloses were well developed in the outer and central zone of culm-wall in four species. 4) Compared with the central part of culm-wall, the number of parenchyma cells and the amount of the vascular bundle sheaths per unit area were a few in the inner part. The inner part nearest to the pith cavity was consisted of thick-well parenchyma cell. 5) The dimensional variations of metaxylem vessel and parenchyma cell in the radial direction were decreased from the inner part to the epidermis in all species observed. 6) The fiber length was the maximum in the central zone and its diameter was increased from the inner part to the outer part. In the axial variation. fiber length was slightly increased from the base and then decresed slowly toward the top, and its diameter was reverse. 7) The axial variation of the bulk density was continuously increased from the base toward the top and its radial variation was rapidly increased from the inner part to the epidermis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.48-51
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• 1962

1. The analysis of the shoot height growth of Phyllostachys edulis A. et C. Rivi$\acute{e}$re which stand is growing at the middle part of South Korea is presented in the present paper. The shoot height was carefully measured twice a day, 10 am and 4 pm. With this, six hours from 10 am to 4 pm is regarded as day-time-length and 18 hours of the rest as night-length. 2. The measurement were made in 1954. The very young shoots were classed into three diameter groups basing at the ground surface level to see the the afterwards influences of shoot size on height growth. 3. The hourly mean height growth in day time was higher than that in night time. The standard deviations and coefficients of variations of the daily growth of the shoot are presented in Figures 2 and 3 respectively. 4. The hourly mean height growth of the shoot by diameter groups and by day and night period are presented in Fig. 4 and 5 respectively. 5. The growth percentages of the shoot by diameter groups and by day and night is graphed in Fig. 6.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.70 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 1985

This study was made on bamboo shoot's damage of Phyllostachys edulis by field mice in Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, and grasped the inhabitation environment by the analysis of around and lower vegetation in damaged bamboo stands, and made clear the species of field mice in damaged bamboo stand, the damaged degree and rate, therefore, were put in practice for contribution with damage prevention and extermination. The results were summarized as follows; The damaged degree were influenced by inhabitation environment and stand density around damaged bamboo stands. The damaged degree were shown 4,359.1 g with 7.1 shoots per. ha and the rate 0.23%. The damage season were from the middle of April to the middle and end of May, the most damaged season was about April 23. The length of damaged bamboo shoot was mean 28.12 cm, the inside diameter 7.49 cm, the weight 613.96 g. The damaged type of parts was shown to more numerous overland and surface damaged type of three types; overland, surface and underground damaged type. The field mice to be captured in damaged bamboo stand were three species; Apodemus agrarius coreae, Mus molossinus and Crocidura lasiura, the species of main damage was Apodemus agrarius coreae of captured Rodentia's 2 species. Crocidura lasiura in order Insectivora was found to inhabitate for the first time at southern region in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 1968

1. A Study was to delineate the correlation relationship growth factors, a) height and clear-length, b) height and circle of breast height, c) height and circle of ground height, d) height and crown length, of phyllostachys reticulata kock and phyllostachys edulis riv, 2. The formula applied to arrive at correlation coefficient according to correlation table, was $e=\frac{1-{\mu}^2}{\sqrt{\Sigma}X^2y^2}$ the formula for average error was $e=0.6745\frac{1-{\mu}^2}{\sqrt{n}}$ 3. The correlation coefficient and average error by each species were as three tables. 4. Area of the sample plot were 0.5~1 acres. 5. Height, clear-length, circle of breast height, circle of ground height and crown-length of bamboos were measured by weise hypsometer and pole.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.25-25
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• 2018

The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in March 2011 caused severe radioactive contamination in the surrounding environment. Since the accident, much attention has been paid to the biological and genetic consequences of organism inhabiting the contaminated area. The effect of radiation exposure on genetic mutation rates is little known, especially for low doses and in situ conditions. Evaluating DNA mutation by low levels of radiation dose is difficult due to the rare mutation event and lack of sequence information before the accident. In this study, correlations with air dose levels and somatic DNA mutation rates were evaluated using Next Generation Sequencer for the clonal plant, Phyllostachys edulis. This bamboo is known to spread an identical clone throughout Japan, and it has the advantage that we can compare genetic mutation rate among identical clone growing different air dose levels. We collected 94 samples of P. edulis from 14 sites with air dose rates from $0.04{\sim}7.80{\mu}Gy/h$. Their clonal identity was confirmed by analysis using 24 microsatellite markers, and then, sequences among samples were compared by MIG sequence. The sequence data were obtained from 2,718 loci. About ~200,000 bp sequence (80 bp X 2,718 loci) were obtained for each sample, and this corresponds to about 0.01% of the genome sequence of P. edulis. In these sequences, 442 loci showed polymorphism patterns including recent origin mutation, old mutation, and sequence errors. The number of mutations per sample ranged from 0 to 13, and did not correlate with air dose levels. This result indicated that DNA mutations have not accumulated in P. edulis living in the air doses levels less than $10{\mu}Gy/h$. Our study also suggests that mutation rates can be assessed by selecting an appropriate experimental approach and analyzing with next generation sequencer.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.78 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 1989

To find the nutritive values of the edible bamboo shoot (Playllostachys edulis) produced in Korea, the component analysis was conducted using the fresh and canned bamboo shoot. As the principal component ; water, protein, lipid, sucrose, ash, cellulose and calorie content were measured in fresh bamboo shoot and canned bamboo shoot. Also the content of minerals ; K, P, Ca, Fe and Vitamins were analysed and compared between fresh and canned bamboo shoot. The contents of component were devided into upper, middle and bottom bamboo parts. The contents of protein, lipid, ash, cellulose and calories of raw bamboo shoot were higher than those of canned shoot. Generally, the components of bamboo shoot produced in Korea were not significantly different to those of Ueda's results in Japan. But the contents of lipid, calcium and potassium were higher in Korean bamboo shoot.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.365-370
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• 1999

To investigate the effect of natural plants on the prolongation of optimal fermentation time of kakdugi, various kakdugies, added with hot water extract from 105 kinds of natural plants(68 medicinal plants and 37 vegetables), were fermented at 20oC until optimal fermentation time. In case of control without addition, the time required to reach the optimum acidity(0.6% lactic acid) was 60 hr. Among 105 kinds tested, 48 plant(42 medicinal plants and 6vegetables) extracts decreased the acidity after 60 hr fermentation to less than 50% of control. In addition, these extracts extended the optimal fermen tation time(>120 hr) by more than 2 folds. Moreover, among the above 48 kinds, 12 sorts of extracts raised the hardness of kakdugi, by more than 30%, compared to control. And the number of lactic acid bacteria in kakdugi added with the above 12 kinds was not smaller than that of control. In sensory test, 8 kinds of medicinal plants(including Phyllostachys edulis) were found to be acceptable. Based on these results, it is suggested that kakdugi added with 8 kinds of medicinal plants was adequate in the prolongation of optimal fermentation time of kakdugi.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.61-64
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• 1976

A survey of the free amino acids and organic acids in the shoot of Phyllostachys edulis was made by means of amino acid autoanalyzer and gas chromatograph. The results of the survey are summerized as follows. 1. Eighteen amino acids found in bamboo shoot were lysine, histidine, arginine, tryptophan, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, threonine, serine, proline, glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, tyrosine and phenylalanine, and an unknown was found. Serine showed the highest amount and more than about 44% of total free amino acids. 2. Oxalic acid was the major organic acid, and formic acid, acetic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid, tartaric acid and sorbic acid were determined, and two unknown were found.