• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.67-75
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• 2007

This paper presents the architectural aspects of the phrase analyzer that attempts to recognize phrases and identify the functional roles in the sentences in formal Japanese documents. Since the object of interest is a phrase, the current system, designed in an object-oriented architecture, contains the Phrase class, and makes use of the linguistic generalization about languages with Case markers that a phrase, whether a noun phrase, a verb phrase, a postposition (or preposition) phrase or a clause phrase, can be separated into the content and the function components. Without a dictionary, and drawing on the orthographic information on the words to parse, it also contains a class that identifies the types of characters, a class representing grammar, and a class playing the role of a controller. The system has a simple and intuitive structure, externally and internally, and therefore is easy to modify and extend.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 2009

The aim of this paper is to find an adequate method to study declination in Korean. In previous studies of declination in Korean, maximum and minimum pitch values in an accentual phrase were measured. But this method is inadequate when an accentual phrase is located at the intonational phrase. So in order to exclude the final tone of an intonational phrase, we propose to measure pitch values of the first and second tone in an accentual phrase when the tonal pattern of the accentual phrase is 'LHLH'. In this case, the line that connects every first tone of an accentual phrase is the baseline, and the line that connects every second tone of an accentual phrase is the topline. By a comparison of declination between focused and neutral utterances, we will show that the topline of declination is more direct to the speaker's plan than the baseline.

• MALSORI
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• no.35_36
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• pp.13-24
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• 1998

This study aims at examining the relationship between tonal events and their related vowel and syllable duration in Korean. Two things were investigated: one is to see if there is a hierarchical relationship in prosodic unit-final-lengthening and the other is to see if accentual phrase initial high tone syllable gets lengthened. Generally, higher prosodic units show larger degree of lengthening of the final vowel and also final syllable duration than the lower ones except for accentual phrase: Mean duration of utterance-final or intonational-phrase-final syllable(and its vowels) was longer than that of accentual-phrase-final or word-final syllable(and its vowels). However, mean duration of accentual phrase final syllable was shorter than that of word final syllable. Mean vowel duration of accentual phrase initial high tone syllable was shorter than that of any other prosodic unit. Its mean syllable duration, however, was longer than that of accentual-phrase-final or word-final syllable, indicating that strong consonants(fortis and aspirated) frequently appear in the accentual phrase initial position and this position is a prosodically strong position showing longer duration as well as high tone.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.91-99
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• 2010

This paper reports on an identification test where KFL learners identified the Korean three-way laryngeal contrast in the phrase-initial position, when the phrase-initial tone was systematically manipulated. It turns out that heritage learners have some sensitivity to phrase-initial tone and show a plain-aspirated alternation in their identification according to the phrase-initial tone, as native speakers do, whereas non-heritage students do not show such tone sensitivity. However, after a weekly prosody training, second-year non-heritage students have shown a significant improvement in their performance. This paper clearly shows that the phrase-initial tone plays a critical role in distinguishing laryngeal features of Korean obstruents, and also suggests that prosody including the tone-segment correlation should be incorporated in the KFL curriculum.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.165-170
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• 2004

The aim of this paper is to study the relation between Eojeol and prosodic phrase in Korean. Depending on two adnominal ending form in Korean '-ㄴ' and '-ㄹ', there are some different prosodic phrase: 1) $1{\sim}2$ syllable eojeols : '-ㄴ' has none prosodic phrase in front of the eojeol, an accentual phrase in the end of the eojeol. In contrast, '-ㄹ' has an accentual phrase in front of the eojeol, but none in the end of the eojeol. 2) More than 3 syllable eojeols : '-ㄴ' have accentual phrases on the edge of the eojeol. but '-ㄹ' has an accentual phrase in the end of the eojeol.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Corpus Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-39
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• 2023

Recent research in usage-based Second Language Acquisition has provided new insights into second language (L2) learners' development of formulaic language (Wulff, 2019). The current study examines the use of phrase-frames, which are recurring sequences of words including one or more variable slots (e.g., it is * that), in written and oral production data from Asian learners of English across four proficiency levels (beginner, low-intermediate, high-intermediate, advanced) and native English speakers. The variability, predictability, and discourse functions of the most frequent 4-word phrase-frames from the written essay and spoken dialogue sub-corpora of the International Corpus Network of Asian Learners of English (ICNALE) were analyzed and then compared across groups and modes. The results revealed that while learners' phrase-frames in writing became more variable and unpredictable as proficiency increased, no clear developmental patterns were found in speaking, although all groups used more fixed and predictable phrase-frames than the reference group. Further, no developmental trajectories in the functions of the most frequent phrase-frames were found in both modes. Additionally, lower-level learners and the reference group used more variable phrase-frames in speaking, whereas advanced-level learners showed more variability in writing. This study contributes to a better understanding of the development of L2 phraseological competence.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.89-91
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• 2011

In this paper, phrase boundaries in sentence are predicted and a phrase break information is applied to an HMM-based Korean Text-to-Speech synthesis system. Synthesis with phrase break information increases a naturalness of the synthetic speech and an understanding of sentences. To predict these phrase boundaries, context-dependent information like forward/backward POS(Part-of-Speech) of eojeol, a position of eojeol in a sentence, length of eojeol, and presence or absence of punctuation marks are used. The experimental results show that the naturalness of synthetic speech with phrase break information increases.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.142-151
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• 2009

Previous document clustering method, NSTC measures similarities between two document pairs using TF-IDF during web document clustering. In this paper, we propose new similarity measure using common phrase-based relational graph, not TF-IDF. This method suggests that weighting common phrases by relational graph presenting relationship among common phrases in document collection. And experimental results indicate that proposed method is more effective in clustering document collection than NSTC.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.113-133
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• 1998

The system proposed in this paper prosodically transcribes the intonation patterns, prosodic structures, phrasings, and other prosodic aspects of Korean utterances, on four parallel tiers: a tone tier, an orthographic tier, a break index tier, and a miscellaneous tier. The tone tier employs two phrase accents (L* and H *), three accentual phrase boundary tones (L-, H-, LH-), and four intonational phrase boundary tones (L%,H%,LH%,LHL%) in order to provide a phonological transcription of pitch events associated with accented syllables and phrase boundaries. The break index tier uses five break indices, numbered from 0 to 4, which mark a prosodic grouping of words and its prosodic structure in an utterance. Among the five indices, the break index 3 and the break index 4 align with an accentual phrase boundary tone and an intonational phrase boundary tone, respectively, in the tone tier.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.69-75
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• 2011

This paper investigates phrase positional effects on the timing of F0 (pitch) peaks in Tokyo Japanese disyllabic words with varying accent type (HL or LH) and phrase position (final or non final). The F0 peak timing was normalized by the total word duration ('normalized H timing'). The normalized H timing was significantly affected by accent type and phrase position. The H timing was later in the LH accent type than in the HL accent type, and in non final positions than in final positions. In addition, to examine the validity of the quantitative results, different models of phrase position effects were compared by measuring H timing in two approaches: normalization versus relative distance measures. For the normalization measures, the H timing was measured as the time of the F0 peak divided by the total word duration or by the duration of the tone bearing syllable. For the relative distance measures, the H timing was measured as the distance in milliseconds from the end of the word or from the end of the associated syllable. The best model was the normalization by the total word duration, rather than by the duration of the tone bearing syllable. This means that phrase positional effects on the timing of F0 peaks in Japanese disyllabic words are best modeled in terms of proportion of the total word duration.