• 한국가금학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.169-175
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• 1996

An experiment was conducted with male broiler chicks to determine the effect of different dietary phosphorus sources and evaluate the biological availability of phosphorus sources. The biological availability of phosphorus from dicalcium phosphate (DCP) was used as a reference standard (100%) compared to defluorinate phosphate (DFP). DCP and DFP was supplemented to a corn-soy basal diet at levels of 0.05, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35%. Each of 24 pens of 10 male broiler chicks with three replications was used for three weeks. The results indicated that weight gain, feed in-take, feed efficiency, nonphytic phosphorus (NPP) and tibia ash were significantly different among treatments. Dietary supplemental phosphorus of DFP improved weight gain, NPP intake and feed efficiency consistently, whereas supplements of DCP did not show consistent increase. Regression equations was used for the availability of DPP compared with DCP when percent bone ash was a function of total phosphorus in the diet. The percent (%) bone ash of DFP groups compared to that of DCP groups showed a value of 59.98% as a slope ratio. DFP indicated lower biological availability compared to DCP, but it's dietary supplementation tended to increase bone ash and maximize the growth of young broiler chicks.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.43-49
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• 1986

Field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of vinyl mulch on phosphate availability of soil and fertilizer in 1982. Growth of tobacco was more vigorous at each level of phosphate treatment in vinyl mulched than in bare soil. There was significant culture x Phosphorus treatment interaction for the yields of cured tobacco leaves. These results indicated that vinyl mulch was effective to improve phosphate availability of soil and fertilizer. Increase in soil temperature and maintenance of bulk density suitable for Phosphorus diffusion by vinyl mulch were likely to Play major roles on Phosphate availability, but other unknown factors appeared to be involved.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 1994

The study of lake pollution problems is often related to the dynamic behavior of phosphorus. Several phosphorus models are available that may be suitable to study these problems. Depending on the the management objectives and data availability, some models may be more appropriate than others. Criteria are defined to help modelers choose the most appropriate total phosphorus models for different lakes. These criteria consider in-lake processes such as sediment feedback, stratification, and algal uptake and recycle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.551-566
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• 1997

Phosphorus has been known as an essential component of animal body. However, the requirement has not been determined precisely because of the variable bioavailabilities of feedstuffs from plant origin. The bioavailability of P in various feedstuffs of plant origin varies from 10 to 60%. Digestibility and availability of the P differed considerably depending on the feed. The lowest values were found for maize (under 20%), the highest for wheat and triticale (over 50%). This is due to the proportion of phytate and the presence of intrinsic phytase. And the digestive tract of monogastric animals does not contain sufficient amounts of phytase, an enzyme that hydrolyses the unavailable phytate complexes to available, inorganic orthophosphates. Microbial phytase supplementation improves the P availability, and both intrinsic plant and microbial phytase improves the availability of P in feedstuffs of plant origin. In a mixture of feeds with low and high activity of intrinsic phytase and/or supplemented by commercial phytase, the P availability is additive. However, in the light of current results it seems that exceeding the P availability equal to 60-70% is unrealizable even at large microbial phytase doses.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.265-270
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• 2016

Accumulated Phosphate can be released by ligand exchange reaction of organic acids. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of the organic acids on the availability of phosphate and the growth of crop in phosphate and salts accumulated soil. Soil samples were collected from farmer's plastic film house. Available phosphate and electrical conductivity of soil were $3,005mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $16.63mg\;kg^{-1}$ which were 6 and 8 times higher than the optimum range of soil for crop growth, respectively. Corns were cultivated in pots for 2 months. Treatments were no treatment (control), phosphate fertilizer (P), citric acid (CA) 1, 5, 10 mM, and oxalic acid (OA) 1, 5, 10 mM. Water soluble phosphorus, available phosphate, corn growth and uptake were determined after cultivation. Results showed that organic acids increased water soluble phosphorus and available phosphate. For the level of 10 mM, the order of effectiveness of organic acids for water soluble P was citric acid (44%) > oxalic acid (32%). Height and dry weight of corns were increased significantly by the treatment of citric acid 1 and 5 mM. Also, corn absorbed more phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, calcium and magnesium in the treatment of citric acid 1 mM than these of other treatments. Even though phosphate availability of soil was enhanced by addition of citric acid 10 mM, the growth of corns decreased because high concentration of citric acid caused salt damage by increasement of electrical conductivity. Thus, the citric acid of 1 mM has the potential to improve the availability of phosphate and the healthy growth of corns.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제9권
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• pp.111-118
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• 1968

제주도(濟州道 ) 목야조성지(牧野造成地)의 흑색(黑色) 및 적색화산회토양(赤色火山灰土壤)에 대(對)한 7개목초(個牧草)의 토양인산(土壤燐酸) 이용력(利用力)을 $P^{32}$를 사용(使用)하여 조사(調査)하고 토양(土壤)의 각종(各種) 유효(有效) 인산(燐酸) 및 형태별(形態別) 분별정량(分別定量)을 하여 알맞은 유효인산(有效燐酸) 정량법(定量法)을 찾고자 하였던바 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1) 목초별(牧草別) 토양인산(土壤燐酸) 이용력(利用力)은 Italian rye grass${\gg}$ Soybean> cassia> corn> weeping love grass${\gg}$ Korean Lespedeza> Red Clover의 순(順)이며 A-value$(kgP^{2}O^[5}/ha)$가 1000이상(以上) $200{\sim}500$과 40이하(以下)의 세 가지로 대별(大別)된다. 2) 흑색토양(黑色土壤)은 적색토양(赤色土壤)에 비(比)해 무기인산(無機燐酸)이 배(培)가 되지만 목초(牧草)가 흡수(吸收)하는 유효인산량(有效燐酸量)에는 차이(差異)가 없음으로 유효(有效) 인산추출액(燐酸抽出液)은 두 토양(土壤)에 동량(同量)으로 추출(抽出)되는 것이라야 한다. 3) 목초별(牧草別) 흡수이용력(吸收利用力)에 맞는 유효인산추출액(有效燐酸抽出液)은 원토건중당(原土乾重當) 최고(最高) 20 ppm을 침출할 수 있는것과 최소(最小) 100 ppm 이상(以上) 추출(抽出)할 수 있는 두 개의 추출제(抽出劑)가 추정(推定)되며 전자(前者)는 이용력(利用力)이 약(弱)한 목초(牧草)에 후자(後者)는 이용력(利用力)이 강(强)한것에 적용(適用)되고 전자(前者)는 Truog 법(法)이 사용(使用)될 수 있으나 후자(後者)는 해당(該當)한 추출법(抽出法)은 사용(使用)된것들 중(中)에는 없었다. 4) 두과목초(荳科牧草)는 T/R 치(値)와 pdF(비료(肥料)에서 유래(由來)한 식물체무백분비(植物體燐百分比)간(間)에 5% 수준(水準)에서 부상관(負相關)이 있고 T/R가 5이상(以上)에서 50% 이하(以下)의 %pdF를 T/R가 5 이하(以下)에서 80% 이상(以上)의 %pdF를 보였으나 화본과(禾本科)에서는 아무런 상관(相關)이 없었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2002

본 연구는 식물성 phytase 처리수준이 산란계의 생산성에 미치는 영향 및 인 이용률에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 실시하였다. NRC 사양표준의 유효 인 요구량을 충족시킨 대조구와 무기태인 사용량을 50%로 제한한 처리구로 나누고, 각각의 처리구에 식물성 phytase를 각각 0.05%, 0.1% 및 0.2% 첨가하였다. 58주령의 갈색 산란계(ISA-Brown) 240수를 공시하여 총 6주간 사양실험을 실시하였고 산란종계를 이용하여 인 및 질소의 이용성을 측정하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 50% 무기태인 수준에서 식물성 phytase의 첨가에 따른 일당증체량, 산란율의 저하는 나타나지 않았다. 2. 50% 무기태인 수준에서 식물성 phytase 0.05% 첨가수준에서 일시적으로 난각질 저하 현상이 나타났으나 0.1% 이상 첨가수준에서는 난각질의 변화가 관찰되지 않았다. 3. 효소의 첨가수준이 증가함에 따라 P 배설량의 감소와 P 이용률이 개선되었다(P<0.05). 4. 식물성 phytase 첨가는 산란계의 성적 저하없이 사료내 무기태인의 사용량을 줄일 수 있음이 시사되었다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.299-309
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• 1987

The seasonal pattern and the annual magnitude of the internal (or biochemical) and plant-soil cycles of phophorus in adjacent three different herb plant populations-Helianthus tuberosus L., Artemisia princeps Pampan and Phalaris anundinacea L.-in an old field of the basin in the Mt. Geumoh were investigated. A lot of the phosphorus demand for the three populations was supplied by the withdrawal from below-ground organ in early growing period, by the absorption from soil in mid-growing period and by the withdrawal from stem in later growing period. But in the A. princeps and P. arundianacea populations, a great deal of phosphorus seemed to be absorbed prior to the first withdrawal. The annual amount of the phosphorus flowing throughthe internal cycle was about 59% of the total hosphorus flow on theorgan level in the H. tuberosus population, 41% in the A. princeps population and 32% in the P. arundinacea population, indicating that the tuber plant had the most developed internal cycle system. The annual amount of phosphorus which took part in the plant-soil cycle in the stand of the three populations was in the range of 4.49-5.65 gPm-2, corresponding to only 3-8% of the extractable phosphorus contained in the soil of 0-20 cm depth. The fact that the H. tuberosus population is higher in the extent fo internal cycle but smaller in the magnitude of plant-soil cycle and lower in the turnover rate of phsophorus than the other two populations suggests that the growth of H. tuberosus population may be less dependent on soil phosphorus availability than those of the other two populations.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.250-257
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• 2001

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of phytase supplementation to the diets containing different levels of non-phytate phosphorus (NPP). A $3{\times}2$ factorial arrangement of treatments was employed. There were three dietary NPP levels of control (C) (0.45% for starter diet and 0.35% for grower diet), C-0.1% NPP (0.35% for starter diet and 0.25% for grower diet), and C-0.2% NPP (0.25% for starter diet and 0.15% for grower diet) and two phytase levels (0 and 500 U/kg). Reduced dietary NPP decreased feed intake and weight gain and increased mortality whereas dietary phytase increased feed intake and weight gain and decreased mortality. Supplemental phytase improved availabilities of dry matter, crude fat, ash, P, Zn, Mg, and Cu whereas dietary NPP level did not affect availabilities of nutrients except decreased Zn availability and increased Cu availability in reduced NPP diets. Nutrient retention of N, ash, Ca, P, Mg, and Zn were linearly decreased as dietary NPP levels reduced but dietary phytase increased their retention. Reduced dietary NPP increased ash excretion but decreased P and Cu excretion while dietary phytase decreased N excretion. Weight, length, girth and contents of ash, Ca, P and Mg of tibia linearly decreased as dietary NPP levels reduced. Dietary phytase increased length and ash content of tibia. It is concluded that dietary phytase can reduce P excretion and alleviate adverse affects caused by feeding low dietary NPP. Effects of phytase were greater in the lower NPP diets.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.999-1009
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• 2006

Physiological, biochemical and genetic studies of Corynebacterium glutamicum, a workhorse of white biotechnology used for amino acid production, led to a waste knowledge mainly about amino acid biosynthetic pathways and the central carbon metabolism of this bacterium. Spurred by the availability of the genome sequence and of genome-based experimental methods such as DNA microarray analysis, research on genetic regulation came into focus. Recent progress on mechanisms of genetic regulation of the carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus metabolism in C. glutamicum will be discussed.