• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 1972

In the present paper, seven marine algae collected from the coasts of Korea are described. The two blue-green algae, Coccochloris stagnina Sprengel and Entophysalis conferta (Kuetz.) Drouet and Daily, one brown alga, Ralfsia verrucosa(Aresch.) J. Ag., and the two red algae, Enelittosiphonia hakodatensis (Yendo) Segi and Symphyocladia pennata Okamura, are recorded newly in our country. The other two blue-green algae, Anacystis dimidiata (Kuetz.) Drouet and Daily and Phormidium tenue (Meneghini) Gomont, are recorded for the first time marine water in our country.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.225-235
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• 2011

The change of microbial communities during cyanobacterial bloom was comparatively analyzed by 16S rDNA PCR-DGGE in Daechung Reservoir during 2003~2005. Morphological analysis showed that Cyanophyceae dominated algal community in the bloom. Dominant cyanobacteria were Microcystis, Planktothrix (Oscillatoria), Phormidium and Anabaena. We used 16S rDNA-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles and phylogenetic affiliations of the DGGE bands to analyze the community structure and diversity of the predominant microbial community. The DGGE band patterns demonstrated that the most frequent bands were identified as Microcystis during the monitoring periods, Planktothrix also dominated on September 2003 and 2004, whereas Anabaena was showed a peak on September 2005 and Aphanizomenon on August 2003. DGGE and phylogenetic analysis provided us new information that could not be obtained by traditional, morphological analysis. The relationship between cyanobacteria and other aquatic bacteria can be traced and their genetic diversity also identified in detail.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.205-210
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• 2004

The change of bacterial communities during cyanobacterial bloom was analyzed by DGGE in Daechung Reservoir from July to October in 2003. The traditional morphological analysis showed that the genera of Microcystis, Chroococcus, Oscillatoria, and Phormidium were dominated. The most frequent band in the DGGE profile by 16S rDNA sequence analysis was identified as Microcystis flos-aquae and the cyanobacterial bloom was peaked on September 2. Oscillatoria spp. were also identified and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae dominated in the middle of August. Judging from the analysis of the digitalized DGGE profiles using the cluster analysis technique, the microbial community on September 2 was considerably different from others. Consequently, it seems that the gene fingerprinting method can give not only the similar results to the traditional morphological method but also additional information on the bacterial species and similarity among the examined microbial communities.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2005

The phytoplankton community, environmental factors, and rainfall were investigated from July to October in 2001 and 2003 on Dam site in Daechung Reservoir. The monthly average rainfall in the investigated period were 91.3 and 265.3 mm in 2001 and 2003, respectively. The maximum chlorophyll a concentration was observed higher at 131.5 ㎍ L/sup -1/ in 2003 than at 45.4 ㎍ L/sup -1/ in 2001. The cyanobacterial number in 2001 was counted up to over 200,000 cells mL/sup -1/, which was much higher than the maximum number of 49,000 cells mL/sup -1/ in 2003. The relative abundance of cyanobacteria in the phytoplankton community was about 97% in 2001 and 74% in 2003. Microcystis spp. were absolutely dominant species in 2001, while a couple of cyanobacteria such as Oscillatoria spp., Phormidium spp. Chroococcus spp. and Microcystis spp. were dominant species in 2003. Consequently, it seemed that rainfall affected the diversity of phytoplankton species and decreased the density of bloom-forming cyanobacteria.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.225-227
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• 2001

출현한 식물플랑크톤은 82속 135종이었고 이중 Chrysophyta가 36속 63종(46.7%)로 가장 많이 출현하였다. 생태학적 주요종으로는 Aulacoseira granulata 등의 출현빈번종, Achnanthes longipes 등의 해수종, Actinastrum hantzschii var. fluviatile 등의 오수지표종 그리고 Ceratium furca등의 적조원인종이 출현하였다. 현존량은 1,000 ${cells/\ell}$ ～ 3,103,000 ${cells/\ell}$이었다. 우점종의 천이는 봄에 Pandorina morum, 여름에 Microcystis aeruginose, 가을과 겨울에 Oscillatoria tenuis, 겨울과 봄에 Phormidium tenue로의 천이양상을 보였다. 우점도지수는 0.34 ～ 0.94였고 종다양도지수는 0.5 ～ 2.57이었다. 오탁지수는 평균 2.4로 조사되어 $\beta$-중부수성 수역에 해당하였다. 유사도지수에 의한 집괴분석의 결과, 정점 1이 한그룹 그리고 정점 2, 3, 4가 한그룹, 정점 5가 한그룹으로 크게 3그룹으로 분석되어졌다.

• ALGAE
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.111-121
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• 2021

Two cyanobacterial morphotypes isolated from Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, maritime Antarctica were characterised using a polyphasic approach combining morphological, cytological and molecular analyses. These analyses showed that the strains grouped with members of the genus Wilmottia. This genus currently includes three species, W. murrayi, W. stricta, and W. koreana. Both morphotypes analysed in this study were placed within the clade of W. murrayi. This clade showed a well-supported separation from Antarctic and New Zealand strains, as well as strains from other regions. W. murrayi was first described from Antarctica and is now known from several Antarctic regions. Confirmation of the occurrence of W. murrayi at Signy Island significantly extends its known distribution in Antarctica. In addition, a new combination, W. arthurensis, is suggested for Phormidium arthurensis.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 2012

Survey on the phytoplankton community structure and distribution in the upstream watershed of the East River was carried out during the period from May, 2008 to April, 2009. A total composition of phytoplankton included 159 taxa, consisting of 7 orders, 56 genera, 139 species, and 40 unidenfied species. Among those, the diatoms and green algae were more frequently found during the investigation than the other taxa. Cocconeis placentula, Cymbella minuta, Diatoma vulgare, Melosira varians, Navicula cryptocephala, Scenedesmus acuminatus v. acuminatus, were among the most common. The standing crops of the phytoplankton ranged from 86 cells $mL^{-1}$ to 1,467 cells $mL^{-1}$. The dominant species were Achnanthes minutissima, Asterionella formosa, Aulacoseira ambigua, Cocconeis placentula, Coelastrum microporum, Cyclotella sp., Cymbella affinis, C. minuta, C. tumida, Diatoma vulgare, Fragilaria capucina, F. construens, F. crotonensis, Gomphonema affine, G. clevei, Melosira varians, Merismopedia elegans, Navicula cryptocephala, N. pupula, Nitzschia tryblionella, Oscillatoria anna, O. limosa, O. tenuis v. tenuis, Pediastrum duplex v. reticulatum, Phormidium tenue, Scenedesmus acuminatus v. acuminatus, S. acutus v. acutus, S. ecornis v. ecornis, S. quadricauda v. quadricauda, Spirogyra sp., Stigeoclonium sp., Synedra acus, S. ulna, and Ulothrix sp. The most dominant species was Cymbella minuta. The diversity index, evenness index, and dominance index ranged from 1.58 to 3.10, 051 to 0.95, and 0.22 to 0.74, respectively. The phytoplankton community structure of upstream stations of the survey area was influenced by the effluent of the Doam Lake.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.76-82
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• 1998

The feasibility of algae as means of removing nitrogen and phosphorus from secondary treated swine wastewater was studied. Among the tested 7 species of Chlorella vulgaris (UTEX 265), Chlorella sp. GE 21, Botryococcus braunii (UTEX 572), Botryococcus sp. GE 24, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Phormidium sp. GE 2, and Spirulina maxima (UTEX 2342), C. vulgaris was selected for its fast growth and abilities to remove nitrogen and phosphorus and to produce algal biomass from swine wastewater. C. vulgaris grew well at 35$^{\circ}C$, and the optimum initial pH for growth was 8.0. In the effect of light intensity, the growth of C. vulgaris was limited under a light intensity of less than 40 ${\mu}$E/$m^2$/s. The secondary treated swine wastewater contained 58.7 mg/l of total nitrogen and 14.7 mg/l of total phosphorus, and was diluted to 75, 50, and 25% with groundwater to be treated. Nitrogen and phosphorus were removed by C. vulgaris in all diluted swine wastewaters among which the most effective removal was in 75% swine wastewater (swine wastewater:groundwater=3:1). There was a tendency of linear increase in nitrogen and phosphorus removal time with increasing concentration of swine wastewater. Under the optimized culture condition, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were effectively removed to 95.3% and 96.0%, respectively, in 25% swine wastewater after 4-day incubation.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.295-302
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• 2009

This study was conducted to identify the influences of light-to-nutrients ratio on the zooplankton and phytoplankton community. Various experiment conditions such as HL (high-light and without zooplankton), HLZ (high-light and with zooplankton), LL (low-light and without zooplankton), and LLZ (low-light and with zooplankton) were adjusted. Changes in biomass of phytoplankton species with the incubation time showed a similar tendency in the continuous cultures, but the change of species composition in the continuous cultures was detected. Cyanophyeeae (Phormidium sp.) seems to be affected by the existence of zooplankton. Also, the predominant species were Chlorophyceae (Staurastrum spp., S. dorsidentiferum, Coelastrum cambricam, Chlorella sp., Krichnerialla sp.) in a high-light environment and Bacillariophyceae (Melosyra granulata, Synedra acus, Fragilaria crotonensis) in a high-light environment. The estimated mean POC concentration (after twenty days) in a high-light environment was two times higher than that for a low-light environment. P : C ratio of seston component in a low-light environment was higher than that for a high-light environment. Changes in biomass of zooplankton species during the incubation time were higher than that for a high-light environment.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.345-358
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• 1999

To study the influences of thermal effluents flowing from hot spring on epilithic algal community, seasonal survey was carried out at stream and its watersheds from Seokjeong hot spring in Chollabuk-Do, Korea. Totally 7 points were divided into three regions fur sampling of water and epilithic algae, such as the direct effected, uneffected and the mixed region, respectively. At the discharging points of effluents, a dark-green cyanobacterial mat were remarkably constructed, mainly by two cyanobacteria, Oscillatoria and Phormidium. The mat formation were more obvious at low temperature than any other season, and even result in disappear with downstream and season. Totally, one hundred and fifty-three taxa of epilithic algae were classified with 15 unidentified species. Among the, diatoms occupied 58％ of total species, whereas cyanobacteria was 67% of total biomass, comparatively. In terms of stream direction, relative abundance of cyanobacteria was only limited in the upstream in cold season, and result in this pattern disappeared with season change. Although all physicochemical variables at the discharging points, was very high, compare to other points, they were quickly decreased downstream. Among them, some heavy metals were not detected or below the detection levels at downstream. Nitrate nitrogen increased with downstream, as well as phosphorus and sulfate have a similar trend throughout, while ammonia quickly decreased in the initial period of discharging effluents. This suggest that although the thermal effluent with high temperature and organic compounds could polluted the small study stream, various contributions such as flowing water, intake of uneffected streawater and collaboration of cyanobacterial mat and stream bottom gradually induces a stable water system.