• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1789-1792
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• 2006

To develop the Korean Standard Differentiation of the symptoms and signs for the Stroke(KSDS), the committee on Stroke Diagnosis Standardization of Korean Traditional Medicine was organized by nineteen experts in College of Korean Medicine, The Consensus of the second Consultation Meeting was as follows : First is the definition of the stroke on the Korean Traditional Medicine. Second is the five categories to the Differentiation of the symptoms and signs for the Stroke - fire and heat, dampness and phlegm, blood stasis, qi deficiency, yin deficiency. Third is the indices of the Differentiation of the symptoms and signs for the Stroke respectively. KSDS-1 will be applied to the clinical practice and revised. The Consensus of the third Consultation Meeting had agreed 81 symptoms indexes of KSDS.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.351-358
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the instrument of oriental medical evaluation for Hwa-byung. Methods: 97 participants diagnosed with Hwa-byung divided into 5 pattern identifications by the instrument on pattern identifications for Hwa-byung were tested by the instrument of oriental medical evaluation for Hwa-byung twice a week. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficient of the test-retest analysis of oriental medical evaluation for Hwa-byung had over moderate agreement. The intraclass correlation coefficient of test-retest analysis of evaluation index of symptoms had moderate agreement for the total symptoms, and fair agreement for the physical and mental symptoms. The validity analysis of the instrument represented a positive correlation in the pattern identification of stagnation of liver Gi, malfunction of gallbladder due to phlegm stagnation, and disharmony between heart and kidneys. Conclusions: The results showed that the reliability analysis of the instrument of oriental medical evaluation for Hwa-byung showed over moderate agreement, and validity analysis represented a positive correlation except for the pattern identification of flare-up of liver fire and deficiency of both Gi and blood.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

This article is a study on palpitation of which disease cause, disease mechanism and formulas were analyzed with reference to annotations on "Shanghanlun" and "Jinkuiyaolue". And the scope of modern diseases related with palpitation was drawn by research on clinical papers. The source books are "Zhujieshanghanlun" and "Jinkuiyaoluefanglun" and the clinical papers are searched in China Academic Journals(CAJ) of China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI). 13 clauses in "Shanghanlun" and 9 clauses in "Jinkuiyaolue" and 12 formulas are related with palpitation. Disease mechanisms of palpitation were classified as yang deficiency, yin deficiency, qi deficiency, blood deficiency, retained fluid, cold, etc and these days, qi stagnation, phlegm turbidity, blood stasis and fire heat are also considered as disease mechanisms. Modern diseases related with palpitation are arrhythmia(extrasystole, atrial fibrillation, bradycardia, tachycardia, sick sinus syndrome, atrioventricular block), vascular diseases(arterial occlusion, phlebothrombosis, Buerger's disease, coronary artery disease, vasculitis), blood pressure disorder(hypertension, hypotension) and heart diseases such as heart failure, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, pericardial effusion. And diseases related with psychological change(cardiac neurosis, anxiety neurosis, neurosis, depression, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism), pyrexia, anemia, drug intoxication, etc are also related with palpitation. Zhen Wu Tang showing an efficacy in dilating blood vessels and strengthening cardiac function, Wuling Powder with diuretic effect and Fried Glycyrrhizae Decoction acting on the ${\beta}$ receptor are applied to heart failure in different ways. Fried Glycyrrhizae Decoction(308 cases), Zhen Wu Tang(154), Wuling Powder(54), Xiao Chaihu Tang(34), Sini San(20) are reported to have been clinically applied to cardiovascular diseases and Zhen Wu Tang and Wuling Powder mainly applied to heart failure, Fried Glycyrrhizae Decoction, Lizhong Wan, Sini San and Zhen Wu Tang chiefly applied to arrhythmia related diseases. This study focuses on the general research and consideration on clinical applications and is a preliminary study to understand relations between Korean Medicine's symptoms and categories of modern diseases.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.318-321
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• 2011

In this study, when a physician make a diagnosis of the Pattern Identifications(PIs) of stroke patients, the development methods of the PIs classification function is considered by diagnostic questionnaire of the PIs for stroke patients. Clinical data collected from 1,502 stroke patients who was identically diagnosed for the PIs subtypes diagnosed by two clinical experts with more than 3 years experiences in 13 oriental medical hospitals. In order to develop the classification function into PIs using the 44 items-Fire&heat(19), Qi-deficiency(11), Yin-deficiency(7), Dampness phlegm(7)- of them was significant statistically by univariate analysis in 61 questionnaires totally, we make some comparisons of the results of discriminant analysis model and generalized logit model. The overall diagnostic accuracy rate of the PIs subtypes for discriminant model(74.37%) was higher than 3% of generalized logit model(70.09%).

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 2022

Background : Tinnitus is common disorder with many possible causes and a symptom of many different diseases but has no effective treatment. Most of tinnitus patients experience the disorder to a degree that their quality of life and productivity are impaired. Especially tinnitus accompanied hearing loss causes severe discomfort in patients. Objectives : 1. Through symptoms of tinnitus, we tried to find out the relationship of Heo-sil(虛實) and Zuang fu bian zheng(臟腑辨證) among tinnitus patients accompanied Hearing Loss. 2. By testing THI, we tried to evaluate the quality of life of tinnitus patients group and tried to compare the quality of life between high-narrow tone and low-wide tone tinnitus patients group. 3. In the future, this study was planned to help monitor the prognosis and determine the progress of treatment for tinnitus patients who also have hearing loss. Methods : 43 patients were recruited in this study who was ill with tinnitus accompanied hearing loss. They wrote out the questionnaire about tinnitus and the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory(THI). Results : 1. In tinnitus patients, there were more men than women accompanied hearing loss. The rate of visits was higher as the age increased. 2. Most of the patients who visited the hospital had sensitive hearing loss. 3. In high-narrow tone tinnitus group, phlegm fire congesting-type are more uncomfortable than spleen-stomach weakness-type. 4. In low-wide tone tinnitus group, liver qi depression was the most uncomfortable. Conclusions : The present study suggests that tinnitus pattern may be helpful in differentiating patients with tinnitus, and the effectiveness of treatment can be predicted through differentiation. Zuang fu bian zheng(臟腑辨證) and Distinguishing between Heo(虛) and Sil(實) is expected to have positive effects on tinnitus accompanied hearing loss treatment.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.403-420
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• 2023

Objectives: This study investigated the effectiveness of herbal medicine for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) based on recent clinical studies. Methods: Studies were searched through four databases. Clinical research studies on herbal medicine treatment for GAD patients were included. The studies were analyzed according to study design, diagnostic criteria, population, and intervention. A risk of bias assessment was performed to assess the quality of the included randomized controlled trials (RCT). If the intervention applied to the treatment and control groups was the same and two or more studies were reporting the same items as outcome indicators, a meta-analysis was performed. Results: A total of 19 studies, including 12 RCTs were selected. The most common pattern identification was 'Phlegm fire disturbing upward' (痰熱上擾), and the most used herb for therapeutic purposes was 'Rhizome of Poria cocos' (茯苓). Meta-analysis results of three studies showed that there were no significant differences in effectiveness between the herbal medicine intervention and the Western medicine intervention. Meta-analysis results of five studies showed that the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale was significantly reduced in the case of herbal medicine intervention compared to Western medicine intervention. Conclusions: The results of our study demonstrated that herbal medicine treatment for GAD is effective in alleviating anxiety symptoms and chief symptoms of GAD. However, this study has several limitations; there was a lack of placebo-controlled RCT and an absence of objective diagnostic criteria in case reports. Therefore, further well-designed clinical studies, conducted based on the results of this study, are recommended.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.131-146
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was performed to determine the correlation between Instrument on Pattern Identification for Depression and Psychological tests by Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Regression analysis.Methods: Two assessors carried out the evaluation using the instrument on pattern identification for depression. They also performed the following psychological tests: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI_Total), Self-disclosure Inventory, subjective well-being Inventory, Health perception Inventory, and Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). A total of 167 participants who got HAM-D score over 12 were targeted for the evaluation. Our research team carried out Pearson correlation coefficient analyses and regression analysis between pattern identification for depression and Psychological tests. We listed the results by descending order and interpreted the results.Results: Pearson correlation analysis revealed the following results: 1) Stagnation of Liver Gi was associated with BDI (0.60) and STAI (0.55); 2) Dual Deficiency of the Heart and Spleen was associated with BDI (0.60), ISI_Total (0.52), and STAI (0.42); 3) Relieving stagnation of Phlegm-Gi was associated with BDI (0.65), STAI (0.54), and Subjective well-being inventory (−0.52); 4) Gi-deficiency Mingled with sputum was associated with BDI (0.50), ISI_Total (0.40), and STAI (0.395); 5) Stagnant Gi transforming into fire was associated with BDI (0.56), STAI_TR (0.51), and Health perception Inventory (−0.458); 6) Yin-Deficiency with Effulgent Fire was associated with BDI (0.55), ISI_total (0.54), and STAI (0.41).Conclusions: Through correlation analysis between Instrument on Pattern Identification for Depression and Psychological tests, we could suggest a System for Oriental Medical Diagnosis for Depression.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.224-252
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• 2010

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate tinnitus of Plain Questions $\ll$素問$\gg$ and Miraculous Pivot $\ll$靈樞$\gg$. Methods : We conducted a study on the original text paragraphs of Internal Classic $\ll$內經$\gg$ containing the tinnitus and analysis of Yang, Ma, Zhang, Wang etc. We drew a parallel between tinnitus from Internal Classic $\ll$內經$\gg$ and matching diagnoses from western medicine. Results : The results were as follows. 1. Tinnitus in Plain Questions $\ll$素問$\gg$Tong Pyeong Heo Sil Ron <通評虛實論> was similar to the symptoms of diabetes mellitus complication and schizophreniform disorder in western medicine. 2. Liver fire tinnitus in Plain Questions $\ll$素問$\gg$ Yuk Won Jeong Gi Dae Ron <六元正紀大論> was similar to the symptoms of psychological distress in western medicine. 3. Phlegm fire tinnitus in Plain Questions $\ll$素問$\gg$ Ji Jin Yo Dae Ron <至眞要大論> was similar to the symptoms of meniere's disease and malfunction of autonomic nervous system in western medicine. 4. Blood deficiency tinnitus in Miraculous Pivot $\ll$靈樞$\gg$ Sa Gi Jang Bu Byeong Hyeong <邪氣藏府病形> was similar to the symptoms of anemia in western medicine. 5. Tinnitus in Miraculous Pivot $\ll$靈樞$\gg$ Gyeong Geun <經筋> was similar to the myofacial pain syndrome of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the masseter muscle in western medicine. 6. Gallbladder deficiency tinnitus in Miraculous Pivot $\ll$靈樞$\gg$ Gwol Hyeong <厥病> was similar to the symptoms of otitis media and labyrinthitis in western medicine. 7. Kidney deficiency tinnitus in Miraculous Pivot $\ll$靈樞$\gg$ Gyeol Gi <決氣> and Hai Ron <海論> was similar to the symptoms of degenerative auditory organ in western medicine. 8. Tinnitus in Internal Classic $\ll$內經$\gg$ showed close relations with the symptoms of the wind character. Conclusion : We analyzed the original text paragraphs of Internal Classic $\ll$內經$\gg$ and explanations about tinnitus. Further studies are needed to compare oriental medicine and western medicine diagnoses to develop better treatments for tinnitus.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.24-32
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• 2012

Object : The purpose of this study is to observe the correlation between change in pattern identification symptoms and scandinavian stroke scale in ischemic stroke patient who had receive traditional Korean medical treatment and conservative treatment. Methods : 43 subjects were recruited from patients with ischemic stroke within 30 days of onset. We chose the subjects who had at least one follow up session and had checked the score between last follow up session and first session in pattern identification and scandinavian stroke scale. We also assessed the correlation between pattern identification and scandinavian stroke scale. Results : There were significant negative correlation between pattern identification and scandinavian stroke scale in Fire-heat pattern and positive correlation in Dampness-phlegm pattern. Conclusions : This study provides evidence that collaborative treatment maybe effective in improving neurologic symptoms in ischemic stroke patients diagnosed as Fire-heat pattern. Further studies with larger scale and longer observation period, more neurologicscales scales, control group would be required.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.55-65
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• 2010

The narration of "Donguibogam" is focused on humans whilst medical books before it focused on diseases. This is shown from the first subtitle of External Body(身形門) chapter, [The Origin of Hyung-Ki(形氣之始)]. The contents of [The Origin of Hyung-Ki] explains that the human body is composed of 'Hyung(形)' and 'Ki(氣)' This perspective is shown throughout "Donguibogam". First, in the aspect of construction, the viewpoint is shown from the JipRye(集例). It divides the body into inside and outside, which is a result of Hyung-Ki perspective. This continues in the table of contents. Naegyeongpyeon(內景) and Oehyeongpyeon(外形) describes the inside and outside of the body, in other words 'Hyung-Ki'. Japbyeongpyeon(雜病) describes complex illnesses with mixed insides and outsides. Tangaekpyeon(湯液) and Chimgupyeon(鍼灸) can be understood as division of treatment methods into inside and outside. When we look at the contents, the human body is created on the basis of the essence and vital energy of the world. Cheon-Ki becomes the 'Ki' that forms the functions of the body, while Ji-Ki becomes the 'Hyung' that constructs the bodily structure. It is considered that 'Hyung' is composed of SaDae(the body essence, vital energy, mentality and blood), and 'Ki' is composed of OSang(the five Jang organs and six Bu organs). 'Hyung' and 'Ki' show various appearances according to physiology and pathology. 'Hyung' is especially shown by obesity or thinness, 'Ki' by color. The obese may have Ki deficiency, coldness, dampness or phlegm. The thin could have blood deficiency, heat, fire or dryness. The color could show the pathology of the five Jang organs by the five colors, but it can simply be divided into black and white, where black means Eum deficiency, and white means Yang deficiency. It is said that the distinctive feature of traditional Korean medicine is that it is a constitutional medicine. In this perspective, further study on 'Hyung-Ki' is of value. If "Donguibogam" was the foundation of the Sasang Constitutional Medicine(四象醫學), study on 'Hyung-Ki' means searching for the origin of the Sasang Constitutional Medicine. Also, the study on Sasang Constitutional Medicine and Hyungsang medicine(形象醫學) will show the modern image of "Donguibogam". Hence, interchange study between "Donguibogam", Sasang Constitutional Medicine and Hyungsang medicine through the term 'Hyung-Ki' could hopefully lead to academic progression.