• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.91-99
• /
• 1996

The complete larval development of Philyra pisum De Hann, 1841 from hatching to the megalopal stage was obtained by culture in the laboratory. Two zoeal and one megalopal stages are described and illustrated . The frist zoea of the present species is very similar to those of other two Philyra species except for the reduced carapace spines. The first zoeae belonging to the subfamily Philyrinae can be divided into two groups based on the zoeal characteristics: the first group is composed of Arcania septemspinosa, A. undecimspinosa elongata, and Myra fugax, whereas the second group is composed of Philyra corallicola, P. syndactyla, and P. pisum.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.275-281
• /
• 2001

The zoea1 stages of Philyra kanekoi Sakai, 1934 were obtained by laboratory rearing. Three zoeal stages were described and illustrated in detail. Zoeal morphology was compared with those of other described species of the family Leucosiidae. Morphological comparisons with congeneric species revealed that zoeas of P. kanekoi were more similar to those of P. pisum and P. platychira than to other Philyra. The present material could be distinguished from other Philyrinae species by having no dorsal carapace spine, a spinous tip of the antenna, and no chromatophore on the base of a dorsal carapace spine. Within the family Leucosiidae, the zoeas of three Philyra (P. kanekoi, P. pisum and P. platychira) showed the greatest affinities with Leucosia sima and L. pubescens (Leucosiinae), and the number of setae on the basipod of the first maxilliped could be very useful characterisitcs for indentification between Philyra and Leucosia zoeas.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.241-244
• /
• 2011

A lectin from the hemolymph of purse crab, Philyra pisum, was found to have anti-proliferative activity on human lung cancer cells by our laboratory. In this study, P. pisum lectin (PPL) was molecularly characterized including molecular mass, amino acid sequences, amino acid composition, and the effects of metal ions, temperature, and pH on the activity. We found that PPL showed mitogenic activity on human lymphocytes and BALB/c mouse splenocytes. The mitogenic activity (maximum stimulation index, $SI=9.57{\pm}0.59$) of PPL on human lymphocytes was higher than that of a standard well-known plant mitogen, concanavalin A (maximum $SI=8.80{\pm}0.59$). The mitogenic activity mediated by PPL is required for optimum dosing, and higher or lower concentrations caused decreases in mitogenic response. PPL also induced mitogenic activity on mouse splenocytes, however, the maximum SI ($1.77{\pm}0.09$) on mouse splenocytes of PPL was lower than that ($2.14{\pm}0.15$) of concanavalin A. In conclusion, PPL is a metal ion-dependent monomer lectin with mitogenic activity, and could be used as a lymphocyte or splenocyte stimulator.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2001.10a
• /
• pp.316.1-316.1
• /
• 2001

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.547-551
• /
• 2013

We recently reported a Philyra pisum lectin (PPL) that exerts mitogenic effects on human lymphocytes, and its molecular characterization. The present study provides a more detailed characterization of PPL based on the results from a monosaccharide analysis indicating that PPL is a glycoprotein, and circular dichroism spectra revealing its estimated ${\alpha}$-helix, ${\beta}$-sheet, ${\beta}$-turn, and random coil contents to be 14.0%, 39.6%, 15.8%, and 30.6%, respectively. These contents are quite similar to those of deglycosylated PPL, indicating that glycans do not affect its intact structure. The binding properties to different pathogen-associated molecular patterns were investigated with hemagglutination inhibition assays using lipoteichoic acid from Gram-positive bacteria, lipopolysaccharide from Gram-negative bacteria, and both mannan and ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan from fungi. PPL binds to lipoteichoic acids and mannan, but not to lipopolysaccharides or ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan. PPL exerted no significant antiproliferative effects against human breast or bladder cancer cells. These results indicate that PPL is a glycoprotein with a lipoteichoic acid or mannan-binding specificity and which contains low and high proportions of ${\alpha}$-helix and ${\beta}$-structures, respectively. These properties are inherent to the innate immune system of P. pisum and indicate that PPL could be involved in signal transmission into Gram-positive bacteria or fungi.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.228-234
• /
• 2017

The first zoeas of Nursia rhomboidalis and Pyrhila carinata were obtained from laboratory condition. They are described and illustrated for the first time. Morphological comparison with those of other Korean described species of the family Leucosiidae reveals that the zoea of N. rhomboidalis is very similar to those of Myra fugax and Arcania undecimspinosa based on characteristics of the carapace spines length, the antenna morphology, the maxilla endopod setation, and the telson, whereas, the zoea of Py. carinata coincides well with those of Philyra kanekoi and Pyrhila pisum based on characteristics of the carapace spines length, the antenna morphology, the maxilla endopod setation, and the telson. Furthermore, we find that at least two groups of zoeas exist in the Korean species of the subfamily Ebaliinae. A provisional key to the known zoeas of ten leucosiid species from Korean waters is provided.