• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.955-963
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• 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for 305-day cumulative milk yield and components, growth, and reproductive traits in Guzerá cattle. Methods: The evaluated traits were 305-day first-lactation cumulative yields (kg) of milk (MY305), fat (FY305), protein (PY305), lactose (LY305), and total solids (SY305); age at first calving (AFC) in days; adjusted scrotal perimeter (cm) at the ages of 365 (SP365) and 450 (SP450) days; and adjusted body weight (kg) at the ages of 210 (W210), 365 (W365), and 450 (W450) days. The (co)variance components were estimated using the restricted maximum likelihood method for single-trait, bi-trait and tri-trait analyses. Contemporary groups and additive genetic effects were included in the general mixed model. Maternal genetic and permanent environmental effects were also included for W210. Results: The direct heritability estimates ranged from 0.16 (W210) to 0.32 (MY305). The maternal heritability estimate for W210 was 0.03. Genetic correlation estimates among milk production traits and growth traits ranged from 0.92 to 0.99 and from 0.92 to 0.99, respectively. For milk production and growth traits, the genetic correlations ranged from 0.33 to 0.56. The genetic correlations among AFC and all other traits were negative (-0.43 to -0.27). Scrotal perimeter traits and body weights showed genetic correlations ranging from 0.41 to 0.46, and scrotal perimeter and milk production traits showed genetic correlations ranging from 0.11 to 0.30. The phenotypic correlations were similar in direction (same sign) and lower than the corresponding genetic correlations. Conclusion: These results suggest the viability and potential of joint selection for dairy and beef traits in Guzerá cattle, taking into account reproductive traits.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권2호
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• pp.311-323
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• 2023

Beef consumers valued meat quality traits such as texture, tenderness, juiciness, flavor, and meat color that determining consumers' purchasing decision. Most research on meat quality has focused on marbling, a key characteristic related to meat eating quality. However, other important traits such as meat texture, tenderness, and color have not much studied in cattle. Among these traits, meat tenderness and texture of cattle are among the most important factors affecting quality evaluation of consumers. Collagen is the main component of connective tissues.It greatly affects meat tenderness. The objective of this study was to determine significant variants and candidate genes associated with collagen contents trait (total collagen) through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Phenotypic and genomic data from 135 Hanwoo were used. The BLUPF90 family program and GRAMMAR method for GWAS were applied in this study. A total of 73 potential single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showed significant associations with collagen content. They were located in or near 108 candidate genes. TMEM135 and ME3 genes were identified to have the most significant SNPs associated with collagen contents trait. Data indicated that these genes were related to collagen. Biological processes and pathways for the prediction of biological functions of candidate genes were confirmed. We found that candidate genes were involved in positive regulation of CREB transcription factor activity and actin cytoskeleton related to tenderness and texture of beef. Three genes (CRTC3, MYO1C and MYLK4) belonging to these biological functions were related to tenderness. These results provide a basis for improving genomic characteristics of Hanwoo for the production of tender beef. Furthermore, they could be used they could be used as an index to select desired traits for consumers.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.295-304
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• 2001

양적형질 유전자 좌위 (QTL)의 탐색과 이들의 발현 양상 규명을 위해 Berkshire종과 Yorkshire종 간의 교배를 통해 생산된 F$_2$ 실험집단에서 regression interval mapping이 이루어졌다. 모두 525마리의 F$_2$ 자손들에서 일당 증체량, 평균 등지방 두께, 배장근 단면적이 표현형으로 조사되어 분석에 이용되었으며 모돈의 번식능력에 관련된 QTL 존재 여부 추정을 위해 간접 형질로 인정되고 있는 생시체중과 이유 시 체중을 분석에 포함하였다. 양적형질의 분리 여부를 추론하기 위하여 돼지의 2번 염색체에서 8종의 microsatellite 표지인자가 선택되어 유전자형이 조사되었다. 각각의 유전적 모델에서 산출된 통계량으로부터 QTL 존재 여부와 특정 QTL 발현 양상에 대한 여부를 나타낼 수 있는 인정되는 수준의 type I 오차율을 제어할 수 있는 임계값 (threshold)을 permutation test에 의해 제시하였다. QTL의 존재와 그 QTL의 Imprinting 여부는 부계와 모계를 통해 원가계 1세대의 대립유전자가 전달되는 과정에서 발현되는 특성을 분리시키는 통계적 의형을 설정하여 검정 통계량을 산출하였다. 분석에 이용된 3가지 형질과 연관된 3종류의 QTL 존재 가능성을 돼지의 2번 염색체에서 확인하였으며, 이들 중 평균 등지방 두께와 배장근 단면적에 각각 영향을 미칠 것으로 추론된 2종류의 QTL 발현은 정상적인 Mendelian 유전양식을 따르지 않고 imprinting된다는 증거를 얻어냈다. 또한 이들 imprinting되는 QTL은 이미 imprinting 표현 양식을 가진다고 알려진 IGF II 유전자의 위치와 거의 동일한 염색체강의 지점에서 부계로 전달되는 QTL만이 발현되는 특징을 보이는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 한편 Mendelian 모형과 imprinting 모형 모두에서 유의적인 임계값 이상을 보이는 검정 통계량이 산출된 일당 증체량 연관 QTL은 두 모형간의 적정성 분석을 위한 검정을 퐁해 Mendelian 양식을 따른 것으로 최종 확인되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.267-271
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• 2000

A total of 1,830 soybean collections were grown in the field and characterized for 10 morphological traits to determine the diversity and relationship within and among geographical regions. Phenotypic variation was found within all regions for most characters. The Shannon-Weaver diversity index ranged from 0.49 to 0.62 across regions, and 0.09 to 1.00 across characters. Canonical discriminant analysis and clustering of the canonical means delineated 3 regional clusters: (ⅰ) Kyunggi, Chungchong, Kangwon, Chulla, and Kyungsang; (ⅱ) Heilongjiang; and (ⅲ) Jilin, Manchuria, central China, south China, Others (China), Hokkaido, Honshu, and Others (Japan).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.1680-1685
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• 2002

Reproductive data collected from more than 20,000 Japanese Black cows of Hyogo and Shimane Prefectures were analyzed. Averages of age at first calving, gestation length, days open and calving interval were 25.1 mo, 289 d, 112 d and 401 d, respectively. Variance components were obtained by REML procedure and the heritability estimate of age at first calving was 0.22. In gestation length the heritability estimate was 0.40 and no permanent environmental effect was estimated. Estimated variance components of calving interval were similar to those of days open and the heritability and repeatability of calving interval were 0.05 and 0.09, respectively. Random farm effects accounted for approximately 10% of phenotypic variations in all traits. Genetic and farm correlations between age at first calving and calving interval were 0.27 and 0.39, respectively. It was found that temporary environment was an important source of variation for calving intervals of Japanese Black.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.846-849
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• 1999

Angus postweaning daily gain (PWDG) were analyzed to investigate heterogeneous variance by sex. A set of data (16,239 records) was divided into six sub-data sets according to level of environment. REML estimation was conducted by a multitrait model, where PWDG in each sex was treated as a separate trait. Estimates showed diversity among environmental levels, where the heritability for heifers was high in good environment but low in poor environment. The bull's estimates varied among environmental levels. The largest heterogeneity of phenotypic variance between sexes was estimated in a data set of the poor environment level. The genetic correlations between the heifer's PWDG and the bull's PWDG were high in the good environment and low in the poor environment (-0.17). The results suggest existence of genotype by sex interaction in the poor environment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.510-513
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• 1997

This study examined the effects of ignoring inbreeding depression on (co)variance components for weaning weight through the use of Monte Carlo simulation. Weaning weight is of particular interest as a trait for which additive direct and maternal genetic components exist and there then is the potential for a direct-maternal genetic covariance. Ignoring inbreeding depression in the analytical model (.8 kg reduction of phenotypic value per 1% inbreeding) led to biased estimates of all genetic (co) variance components, all estimates being larger than the true values of the parameters. In particular, a negative bias in the direct-maternal genetic covariance was observed in analyses that ignored inbreeding depression. A small spurious sire-by-year interaction variance was also observed.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.539-545
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• 2004

M/G RIL 164계통과 그 유전자지도를 이용하여 지역에 따른 벼의 품질과 관련된 양적형질 유전자좌(QTL)를 분석한 결과를 보면 다음과 같다. M/G RIL 164계통의 지역에 따른 단백질함량, 아밀로오스 함량, 지방산함량 및 식미평가치에 있어 빈도분포는 정규분포에 가까운 연속변이를 보였으며, 양친의 범위를 벗어나는 초월분리 현상을 나타내었다. 또한 지역에 따라 품질형질의 분포범위의 폭이 다양하게 나타났으며, 단백질함량은 원주>익산>대구의 순으로, 아밀로오스함량, 지방산함량 및 식미평가치는 대구>익산>원주의 순으로 나타났다. 품질에 관련된 QTLs분석에 있어 단백질함량과 관련하여서는 8개의 QTLs를 확인하였으며, 1번 염색체에서 2개, 3번, 6번, 7번 염색체에서 각각 1개, 8번 염색체에서 3개의 QTLs를 확인할 수 있었으며, 이들 8개의 QTLs가 설명할 수 있는 표현형 변이는 $6.0\~15.2\%$로 나타났다. 아밀로오스함량과 관련하여 6번 염색체에서 1개, 7번 염색체에서 2개의 QTLs를 확인하였다. 3개의 QTLs가 설명할 수 있는 표현형 변이는 $7.3\~24.4\%$로 나타났다. 지방산함량과 관련하여서는 2번과 6번 염색체에서 각각 깨, 3번과 7번 염색체에서 각각 1개의 QTLs를 분석하였으며, 6개의 QTLs로 설명할 수 있는 표현형 변이는 $5.5\~14.0\%$를 보였다. 식미평가치와 관련된 QTLs는 2번과 6번 염색체에서 각각 1개, 7번과 8번 염색체에서 각각 2개의 QTLs가 분석되었으며, 그 6개의 표현형 변이는 $5.5\~10.3\%$로 나타났다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2000

This study was conducted to estimate the general production performance, heritabilities, and genetic phenotypic correlations on several economic traits by multiple trait animal model in Korean native chicken. The data were collected from the records of 5,192 pullets produced from 2,029 dams and 250 sires in Daejon Branch, National Livestock Research Institute from April 10. 1994 to February 10. 1997. Body weights of Red Brown (RB), Yellow Brown (YB), Grey Brown (GB) and Black (B) strains were 1,649.9, 1,439.6, 1,455.6 and 1,575.3g at age of 150 days and 1,923.5, 1,689.6, 1,812.4 and 1,924.0g at age of 270 days, respectively. The ranges of coefficient of variation for body weight were 11.52 to 14.02 at age of 150 days and 12.82 to 14.59% at age of 270 days, respectively. The first eggs of RB, YB, GB and B strains were produced at 147.4, 146.5, 151.1 and 152.1 days, respectively and the coefficients of variation were 7.80 to 8.41%. Egg weight at 270 days were 49.7, 47.6, 48.8 and 48.7 g for RB, YB, GB nd B strains, and coefficients of variation were 6.99 to 7.94% . The number of eggs at age of 270days were 75.8, 78.0, 76.7 and 68.8 for RB, YB, GB and B strains, respectively, and coefficient of variations were 23.87 to 29.89%. On heritability estimates in RB, YB, GB and strains body weight were 0.40, 0.10, 0.09 and 0.57 for RB, YB, GB and B strains at age of 150 days, and 0.23, 0.09, 0.38 and 0.24 at age of 270 days were 0.39, 0.47, 0.60 and 0.62, and egg weights at 270 days and age at 1st egg were 0.36, 0.12, 0.38 and 0.26, number of egg production at 270 days were 0.44, 0.36, 0.58 and 0.49, respectively. The genetic correlation coefficients of body weight with the age of first egg, egg weight and number of egg production at 270days were -0.07∼0.67, -0.24∼0.70 and 0.12∼0.41, respectively ; age of first egg with number of egg production at 270days and egg weight were -0.75∼0.91 and 0.34∼0.97 ; and egg weight with number of egg production at 270days were 0.18∼0.68. The phenotypic correlation coefficients of body weight with at age of first egg, egg weight and number of egg production at 270days were -0.01∼0.74, -0.04∼0.72 and 0.25∼0.57 ; age of first egg with number of egg production at 270days and egg weight were 0.26∼0.52 and 0.52∼0.92, respectively ; and egg weight with number of egg production at 270days were 0.34∼0.91.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 2000년부터 2008년 사이에 출생한 Duroc종, Landrace종 및 Yorkshire종 종돈의 총 31,455두의 농장검정 자료를 이용하여 다형질 동물 모형과 다변량 모체효과 모형에 의한 돼지 경제형질의 유전적 분산성분을 추정하였다. 품종별 조사된 각 형질에 있어서 다변량 모체효과 모형을 이용하여 추정된 상가적 효과에 의한 유전력이 모체효과에 의한 유전력보다 모두 높게 나타났으며, 다형질 동물 모형에서 상가적 효과만 고려했을 때의 유전력이 다변량 모체효과 모형에서 추정된 상가적 효과의 의한 유전력보다 대부분 높게 추정되었다. 다변량 모체효과 모형을 이용하여 추정된 모체효과에 의한 육종가와 표현형가와의 상관관계에 있어서 대부분 낮은 정(+)의 상관이거나 강한 부(-)의 상관관계를 보여 품종별 각 형질에 있어서 모체효과를 적절히 고려하여 육종가와 표현형의 상관관계를 높인다면 보다 나은 개량을 도모 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.