• Human Ecology Research
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.201-214
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• 2020

This study researched the life experiences of 30-40's voluntary single women. Currently, a growing number of women in their 30s and 40s in South Korea are voluntarily choosing single life to achieve self-realization and focus on their lives. We want to take note of this phenomenon and take an in-depth the lives of voluntary single life beings they are experiencing by using hermeneutic phenomenological study method of Van Manen. The results of this study are as follows. First, 30-40s voluntary single women have experienced desire of self-realization through their single life. Second, they were satisfied with their lives based on the concept of having free choices, stable social support and they social-economic base. Third, they have experienced a low awareness of single life in society and many people. Last, they were preparing for their future lives for their physical health, finances, and role as parents' provider. This study provides a better understanding of the lives of 30-40s voluntary single women.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.73-82
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• 2008

Recently MR CDC damper has been applied to semi-active suspension control system gradually. Compared to former hydraulic CDC damper, it has rapid time response performance as well as simple internal structure and wide range of damping force. In order to develop control logic algorithm which enables to take maximum advantage of unique characteristics of MR CDC damper, it is inevitable to perform a thorough investigation into its nonlinear performance. In many previous researches, MR fluid model was either simply assumed as Bingham Plastic, or a phenomenological model based on experiment was established instead to predict damping performance of MR CDC damper. These experimental flow model which is not based on flow analysis but intentionally built to fit damping characteristics, may lead to totally different results in case of different configuration or structure of MR CDC damper. In this study, a generalized flow formula from mathematical flow model of MR fluid for annular orifice is derived to analyze and predict damping characteristics when current is excited at piston valve.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.119-131
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was done to explore and to describe, from a phenomenological perspective. the sexual experience of unmarried males with a spinal cord injury. The methodology used in this study was the phenomenological method. Researcher conducted individual in-depth interviews with persons who had a Spinal Cord Injury. Six males were invited to participate in the study. The data were gathered from November 1999 to August 2000. The finding which emerged from this phenomenological study are as follow: 'Confusion state in shocking situation', 'Reflection on past sexual experience', 'Irresistible impulsive sexual desire', 'Psychological conflict caused by suppression of sexual appetite', 'Groping for a solution to sexual desire', 'Recognition of changed sexual function' and 'Confirmation of changed self'. The conclusion of this study are as follow: The sexuality mankind owns is the criteria of original and common difference in the society of mankind through the categorization of male and female into dichotomy. In fact, the mankind as an social animal is the existence by the sexuality, for the sexuality and of the sexuality. The sexuality has the meaning only within the relationship with the others. The sexuality has the meaning only in the inter-relationship and the sexuality itself in it is already the sexual relationship. Therefore, for the better life of the participants with the spinal cord injury, further understanding of the sexuality of the unmarried male with spinal cord injury is required.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.56-66
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the psychological aspects of experiences of men living in a homeless shelter in Seoul. This study focused on understanding about the life of the homeless in the shelter by Phenomenological method. Method: The participants in this study were seven men who are living in a homeless shelter in Seoul. The following data were collected though the in-depth interviews and analyzed by the Phenomenological analytic method of Giorgi. Result: There are five focal significances about the life of the homeless. (1) Unplanned Life : Difficult life comes from outside situation, Freedom, The acceptance of unconsciousness life, Laziness, Unreliability, The dissolute life, No purpose to life, Relying on drinking, (2) Self-rationalization : Feeling of defeat, Give up, Desire for a support system, Lack of willingness, Anxiety, Chivalry, Falsehoods, (3) Superficial Interpersonal Relationships : Ignorance, Pressure, Discord, Hiding from one anther, avoidance. (4) A sense of devestation : Negative perspective, Mental weakness, Difficulties in employment, ambivalance with social structure, The place to escape, Complaining against the opposite sex, Sense of regret, Lack of relationship with family, The lack of self-confidence, Loss of volition (5) The Hope of new life : Realization, Desire for change, Dreaming of married life, Dependence in God Conclusion: The conclusion of this study shows that the men in the shelter had various psychological reasons for being in the homeless shelter. Further studies need to be done to validate this information and formulate ways to assist these men with their psychological needs.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.515-526
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the illness experience of patients with pressure ulcer. Methods: A phenomenological methodology was used for the study. The data were collected by individual in-depth interview with seven participants with pressure ulcer during 2013~2014. All interviews were audio-taped and verbatim transcripts were made for the analysis. The data were analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method. Results: All participants had underlying disease, such as spinal paralysis and diabetes. Average period of having pressure ulcer was 18 months, ranged from 3 to 36 months. A total of seven theme clusters were derived from the analysis; unexpected wound, inherent vulnerability to infection, reversal of the treatment policy, unpleasant and strange feeling of wound, sweeping fear and helplessness, socioeconomic burden, and healing through specific actions and reflection. The participants faced various contradictory and paradoxical situations in managing their pressure ulcers as well as underlying diseases in their everyday life. However, they slowly overcome these situations by strictly practicing concrete action-oriented strategies that they have learned through suffering and appreciating miraculous wound healing. Conclusion: The results of this study can help developing a patient-specific intervention program with sufficient emotional support by providing insights of the paradoxical illness experience of patients with pressure ulcer.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.1032-1039
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• 2017

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to understand the stress of rural mothers-in-law by identifying the nature of their stress experiences with highly educated foreign daughters-in-law using phenomenological methods, and to provide basic data on nursing intervention plan. Methods. The method of this study is to first examine the relationship between marriage and marriage of highly educated immigrant women in Philippines, centered on the nuclear family, through literature reviews such as existing media reports, papers, books and reports, and then to analyze by using Colaizzi's phenomenological research methodology. Results. The results of this study were based on interviews with an elderly women who lives in a rural area and accepted a highly educated foreign daughter-in-law 10 years ago. The essential themes that fit into the context of the 4-existential grounds of Making an Inevitable Choice, Augmenting Conflicts, Expecting hope beyond the endless fence, Crisis in Crisis - Still my family Conclusions. Recently, interest in multicultural families and societies is growing, but there is little empirical study of the system for adopting international marriages, especially for rural mothers to live with foreign wives and to intake such cultural interactions.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.266-272
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• 2002

Although the reptational model of Doi and Edwards gives a successful description of viscoelasticity of flexible linear polymers, the success is restricted to the terminal region./sup 1/ There have been several attempts to modify the Doi-Edwards model to describe wider range of time or frequency./sup 2-6/ This paper suggests a simple phenomenological model which can describe wider range of molecular weight than such molecular models can. Although our model is a phenomenological one, it is practical and convenient to predict the effect of molecular weight distribution on linear viscoelastic data because of its simple mathematical form.

• Composites Research
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.182-190
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• 2015

The phenomenological evolution laws of damage can be defined either based on residual life or residual strength. The failure of a specimen can be defined immediately after or before fracture. The former is called in this paper by "failure defined by approach I" and the latter "failure defined by approach II." Usually at failure there is a discontinuity of loading variables and, because of this, damage at failure is discontinuous. Therefore the values of damage at failure by two different approaches are not the same. Based on this idea the sequence effects of the phenomenological evolution law of damage given by $dD/dN=g(D)f({\Phi})$ were studied. Thin-walled graphite/epoxy tubes consisting of four of $[{\pm}45]_s$ laminates were used for the experimental study of sequence effects and the effects of mean stress on fatigue life. It was found that the sequence effects in two step uniaxial fatigue for $[{\pm}45]_s$ graphite/epoxy tubular specimen showed that a high-low block loading sequence was less damaging than a low-high one.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 2014

Purpose: This phenomenological study is aimed to describe nurses' lived experience of preceptoring in hospitals. Methods: Ten nurse preceptors who participated in this qualitative study shared their experience of the preceptor's role in hospitals. Data analysis was done using the Colaizzi' phenomenological method. In-depth personal interviews were conducted from September 1 to November 30, 2013. Results: Based on this study, seven consistent categories and twenty-two theme clusters emerged from collected data. The seven themes were: 'not knowing what to do', 'not understood', 'burnt out due to pressure from work', 'having difficulty in building relationships at work', 'becoming similar to their preceptor, personal growth through preceptorship', and 'feeling rewarded at the preceptee's improvement'. Conclusion: The result of this study suggests that further research is needed to improve preceptors' adaptations to the workplace and to reduce their stress.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.138-149
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand experience of self-esteem by exploring and describing the clinical nurses' lived experiences. Methods: The qualitative research method of phenomenology was utilized in this study. In-depth personal interviews of 8 clinical nurses with more than three years of experience in the clinical setting were conducted using a records from October, 2012 to March, 2013. Results: Content analysis was done using the Colaizzi' phenomenological method. The results based on the data analysis, 19 descriptive statements and 7 themes were confirmed. The 7 themes were as followed; 'recognition of nurse's role', 'recognition of nursing as a profession', 'secure jobs', 'close relationship with the clients', 'sense of existence perceived by others', 'considerations between coworkers', and 'opportunity for self-improvement. Conclusion: This study may be helpful to understand the experience of self-esteem. The results can be used to develop the effective interventions for the improvement of nurse's self-esteem.