• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.107-111
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• 2001

Physical and chemical characteristics of four white-and one yellow-fleshed peach cultivars were compared at optimum maturity stage. In addition, differences of phenolic composition, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities and PPO isozyme patterns in two peach types were also investigated. There are no significant differences in firmness and color values between two peach types, except for "Yumyung", a white-fleshed peach with the highest firmness, and "Hwangdo", a yellow-fleshed peach with the highest yellowness (b)* value. In general, the soluble solid/titratable acidity ratios, ascorbic acid and total phenolic contents were significantly higher for white-fleshed peaches than those for yellow-fleshed peach (p<0.05). Three major phenolic compounds, catechin, neochlorogenic acid and chlorogenic acid, were found in both the white-and yellow-fleshed peaches. Among them, catechin was the predominant phenolic compound in the white-fleshed peaches, followed by neochlorogenic acid, and chlorogenic acid. Meanwhile, neochlorogenic acid was present in the highest level of the yellow-fleshed peach, but levels of two other phenolic compounds were lower. PPO activities of the white-fleshed peaches were generally higher than that of the yellow-fleshed peach, with the one major band and two minor bands, and there were no big differences in PPO isozyme patterns between two different peach cultivars.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.212-218
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• 1996

Two phenolcarboxylic acids. five flavonoids and one hydrolysable tannin were isolated from the leaves of Acer ginnala Maxim. On the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence, the strutures of these compounds were established as gallic acid, ethylgallate, acertannin, quercetin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, rutin, $quercetin-3-O-{\alpha}-_L-rhamnopyranosyl-2'-gallate$.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.91-92
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• 2012

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.194-197
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• 2001

The phytochemical study of the aerial parts of Artemisia japonica ssp. littoricola (Asteraceae) led to the isolation of two acetylenic compounds, (3R)-dehydrofalcarinol (2) and (3R)-dehydrofalcarindiol (6), two sesquiterpenes, $1{\beta}$, $6{\alpha}$-dihydroxy-4(15)-eudesmene (5) and oplodiol (8), and four phenolic compounds, eugenol (1), vanillin (3), 3'-methoxy-4'- hydroxy-trrans-cinnamaldehyde (4) and p-hydroxyacetophenone (7). Their structures were determined by chemical and spectroscopic methods.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.147-151
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• 2005

Purified compound with intestinal immune system-modulating properties, GWE-2c, was isolated from methanol extract of Gelidium amansii by sequential procedures with silica gel column, LH-20 Sephadex gel column, and thin-layer chromatographies. In the presence of GWE-2c, strong immunoactivity in Peyers patch cell-mediated bone marrow cells was observed in vitro. In vivo intestinal immune-modulating activity was also enhanced by crude phenolic compound (GWE) of G. amansii in a dose-dependent manner. Investigation of production of several cytokines in Peyer's patch cells upon stimulation with GWE in vivo revealed the levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-6 increased. Results suggest that the phenolic compound from G. amansii represents immunopotentiator and biological response modifier at in vitro and in vivo levels.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.10-19
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• 2020

Objectives: Oxidative stress-mediated neuroinflammation has been supposed as a crucial factor that contributes to the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective activity against oxidative stress and neuroinflammation of protocatechuic acid (PA), active phenolic compound from Momordica Charantia. Methods: Protective activity of PA from oxidative stress was performed under in vitro conditions. Our study investigated the protective mechanism of PA from neuroinflammation in cellular system using C6 glial cell. To investigate the improvement the effects on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, we induced oxidative stress by H₂O₂ (100 μM) stimulation and induced neuroinflammation by treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 ㎍/mL) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) (10 ng/mL) in C6 glial cells. Results: PA showed strong radical scavenging effect against 1,1-dipenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxy radical (·OH) and nitric oxide (NO). Under oxidative stress treated by H₂O₂, the result showed the increased mRNA expressions of oxidative stress markers such as nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide (iNOS). However, the treatment of PA led to reduced mRNA expressions of NF-κB, COX-2 and iNOS. Moreover, PA attenuated the production of interleukin-6 and scavenged NO generated by both endotoxin LPS and IFN-γ together. Furthermore, it also reduced LPS and IFN-γ-induced mRNA expressions of iNOS and COX-2. Conclusions: In conclusion, our results collectively suggest that PA, phenolic compound of Momordica Charantia, could be a safe anti-oxidant and a promising anti-neuroinflammatory molecule for neurodegenerative diseases.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.2
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• pp.244-250
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• 1996

The objectives of this paper were to study the existence of resistant substance to pine gall midge from needles of Pinus densiflora, P. thunbergii, P. virginiana, and P. thunbergii${\times}$P. virginiana, and also to investigat whether terpenoids, fragrant substance contained in those species seduce or evade imago of pine gall midge to oviposit. Also, terpenoids and phenolic compounds were bioassayed on larva. The results are follows. Adults of pine gall midge oviposited indiscriminately all investigated pine species, while gall formation rate by pine gall midge showed 0% in Pinus virginiana, 9% in P. thunbergii${\times}$P. virginiana, 22% in P. thunbergii. It is suggested that young larvae is necrotized by resistant substance in the needles of P. virginiana. This results might mean that fragrant substance, terpenoids, extracted from pine species is not seducible or evadable substance. Larvae of pine gall midge placed on terpenoid and resin were not necrotized. The necrosis rate of larvae of pine gall midge cultivated in the solution of phenolic compounds extracted from needles of P. virginiana, salicylic acid and chitinase showed 89, 92, and 86% respectively. And necrosis rate was 56 and 59% in phenolic compounds extracted from P. densiflora and gallic acid respectively. So, it is postulated that phenolic compounds contained in needles of P. virginiana, salicylic acid and chitinase are resistant substance to pine gall midge.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.66-71
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• 2004

This study has been carried out to investigate effect of Rehmanniae Radix (RR) and pear phenolic compound (PC) on the hyperglycemic mice induced with streptozotocin (STZ). For this purpose, male mice were fed with a 0.2 mL RR extract (S group) and the pear PC (90 mg/kg/day) dissolved in a 0.2 mL RR extract (SPC group) while the control group received the same commercial diet for 6 weeks. The blood glucose contents were examined from tail vein blood once a week for 6 weeks. Samples of pancreas removed after the experimental period were processed for the immunohistochemical identification of $\beta$-cells. The levels of serum glucose were decreased significalntly (p<0.05) in the S and SPC groups compared with the control group. The BUN and creatinine levels were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in SPC group compared with the control group. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests peformed at 24 hours before that period revealed that glucose tolerances in S and SPC group were ameliorated. Immunohistochemical analyses of the pancreases revealed that a lot of insulin- positive $\beta$-cells were contained in a Langerhas's islets of S and SPC groups compared with the control group, and the number of Langerhas's islets were significalntly increased in S (p<0.01) and SPC (p<0.05) groups. These results suggest that RR extract and pear PC could recover the damages induced by STZ in the hyperglycemic mice.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.329-337
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• 2020

In this study, Rubus idaeus (Raspberry) cultivar 'Willamette' fruit extract(RIFE) was prepared from the freeze-dried raspberry powder, n-hexane and ethyl acetate, and then the phenolic compound content, ferric reducing ability, and radical scavenging ability were measured. The raspberry cultivar 'willamette', 'polka', and 'polana' compound fruit extract did not show cytotoxicity up to the concentration of 10%. As a result of conducting an experiment at the concentration, it was confirmed that the total phenolic compound content was 375.3 ppm, and the total flavonoid content was 43.46 ppm, and the ferric reducing ability by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) reagent was equivalent to FeSO4 0.532 mM. It was confirmed that 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability was 94.5 ± 0.7%, and the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging ability was 99.4 ± 2.82%, and the nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activity was 88.5 ± 0.4%. When compared with the L-ascorbic acid 'standard' solution, DPPH radical scavenging ability was between 25 - 50 ppm / ABTS radical scavenging ability was close to 100 ppm / NO radical scavenging ability was more than 1,000 ppm. These results suggest that the raspberry cultivar 'willamette' fruit extract could be applied as an effective cosmetic material with antioxidant activity.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.215-219
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• 2022

The flowers of Cosmos bipinnatus were extracted with solvent made with methanol:water (4:1) and the concentrates were partitioned into ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (n-BuOH), and water (H₂O) fractions. The octadecyl silica gel (ODS) and silica gel (SiO₂) column chromatographies were repeated for the EtOAc fraction to isolated of two phenolic compounds. The chemical structure of the isolated compounds were identified as benzyl O-β-ᴅ-glucopyranoside (1), and 2-phenylethyl O-β-ᴅ-glucopyranoside (2) through spectroscopic datas such as nuclear magnetic resornance, infrarad spectroscopy, and mass spectroscopy. These two compounds were first isolated from C. bipinnatus flowers through this study. To evaluate the anti-atopic activity of the two isolated compounds using a HaCaT cell line induced by ultraviolet light, several experiments were conducted and neither both compounds showed toxicity in the concentration range of 1 to 1,000 ㎍/mL. In the results of anti-atopic activity through Thymus and activation regualted chemokine (TARC) assay, both compounds showed dose-dependent TARC inhibitory activity. In particular, compound 1 showed significant activity even in a low concentration range of 10 ㎍/mL, and in different concentration ranges. Also compound 1 showed higher inhibitory activity than other compound, confirming that the anti-atopic activity was the most excellent. Based on these results, it is considered that it can be used as a functional cosmetic material.