• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.76-82
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• 2012

Stamens of Mesua ferrea L. are a well-known herbal drug used in Indian System of Traditional Medicine to treat various diseases. The claimed activity of this plant part is necessitated to investigate antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity. Authenticated plant sample was extracted with hexane, ethanol (EtOH) and water (aq.) using ASE 100 accelerated solvent extractor. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by means of different in vitro assays. Hepatoprotective effect was investigated on carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative stress in liver slice culture model. Cytotoxic marker lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released in culture medium and the activity of lipid peroxidation along with antioxidant enzymes (AOEs) namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) were estimated. Hexane and EtOH extracts were significantly inhibited DPPH, NO, SOD and $ABTS^+$ radical in dose dependent manner. The trade of phenol content was: aq. extract < hexane extract < EtOH extract. A significant correlation was shown by total phenol content and free radical scavenging activity of extracts. The culture system treated with hexane extract, EtOH extract or ascorbic acid exhibited significant depletion in LDH, lipid peroxidation, antioxidative enzymes SOD, CAT and GR. Hexane extract and EtOH extracts of stamen of M. ferrea protected liver slice culture cells by alleviating oxidative stress induced damage to liver cells.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1013-1019
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• 2007

본 논문의 목적은 최근 발생량이 급속히 증가하고 있으나, 적절한 처리방법이 없는 인쇄회로기판의 원자재인 페놀수지 동박적층판(Phenol Copper Clad Laminate, 이하 p-CCL)의 재활용을 위해 열분해 적용 가능성을 조사하는데 있다. 동역학 특성은 열중량분석기(Thermogravimetric Analyzer, 이하 TGA)를 사용하였다. 또한 280, 350, $600^{\circ}C$의 온도에서 생성된 액체와 고체부산물에 대해서는 원소분석, 공업분석, 발열량 등의 일반적인 특성을 분석하였고, 액체부산물은 GC/MS, FT-IR를 이용하여 구성 성분을 분석하였다. TGA 결과에 의하면 p-CCL의 분해는 세 단계에 걸쳐 일어났다. 첫 번째는 $280^{\circ}C$ 이하의 저온 분해구간, $280\sim350^{\circ}C$의 중온분해구간, $350^{\circ}C$ 이상의 고온 분해구간으로 구분할 수 있다. 저온, 중온에서의 액체부산물의 주요 성분은 수분과 페놀인 반면에 고온에서는 가지가 있는 페놀류와 퓨란류로 나타났다. 반응온도가 높아짐에 따라 휘발성분의 양은 감소하는 반면 고정탄소의 함량은 증가하였다. 고체 부산물의 고위 발열량은 $7,400\sim7,600$ kcal/kg으로 연료로서의 활용 가능성이 있다고 여겨진다. 또한 고체부산물의 고정탄소 함량이 높고, 회분 성분 함량이 낮기 때문에 적절한 개질화 과정을 거친다면 흡착제로서도 활용 가능하다고 판단된다.

• 태양에너지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.65-75
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• 1995

폐수내에 용해되어 있는 유독성 유기물질의 분해처리를 위한 태양반응기 실용화에 대한 기본 및 응용연구를 실시하였다. 광촉매로는 0.1wt%의 Degussa P25 Titanium dioxide($TiO_2$)를 사용하여 TCE, chloroform 그리고 $CCl_4$들의 단일성분은 물론 TCE-chloroform, TCE-phenol, TCE-benzene 등의 이성분계 수용액에 대한 실험을 실시하였다. 일차적으로 원액의 반응기로의 적정유량을 조사하였으며, 각 2차성분들이 TCE의 분해율에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 본 실험 조건하에서 최적의 공급유속은 약 $200cm^3/min$이었으며, 각 2차 성분들은 공통적으로 TCE 분해율을 저하시키고 있으나 적절한 분해조건의 확보시 다성분계의 폐수처리에도 광분해반응의 처리는 기술적으로 타당함을 알 수 있었다. TCE-phenol의 이성분 용액의 경우 $H_2O_2$의 TCE 분해에 미치는 영향을 조사한 견과 0.06vol%의 $H_2O_2$ 첨가로 TCE의 분해율이 증가함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1274-1274
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• 2001

An anharmonicity is a fundamental quantity shaping the potential for stretching OH vibration in phenol and its derivatives. The phenomenon is examined both by experimental and theoretical methods. FT-IR and NIR spectra of series of phenols derivatives were measured in the range of fundamental and first two Overtones of $_{s}(OH)$ Vibrations in $CCl_4$ solutions. The electronic influence of substituents on the analyzed frequencies is discussed and correlated with $pK_{a}$ parameters. Ab initio MP2/6-31G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-31G(g,p) calculations of the potential for proton movement in OH group were performed. Equilibrium structures were also determined. The frequencies of fundamental and overtones were calculated by Numerov-type procedure. The results of calculations are compared with the experimental data. The best linear correlations were obtained for the results of MP2/6-31G(d,p) calculations. It was shown that some structural parameters are especially sensitive on substitution. The linear correlations were found between those parameters and spectroscopic data. The results of calculation are compared with available crystallographic data.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.334-340
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• 2005

[ $CCl_4$ ]에 의한 실험동물의 간 손상에 미치는 사자발쑥 (Artemisia princeps)과 황해쑥 (A. argyi)의 영향을 알아보고자 쑥 분말을 투여한 실험동물 혈청의 간 기능 지표 효소인 aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), 그리고 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 활성을 측정하였다. $CCl_4$ 단독 투여군에 비해 $CCl_4$와 사자발쑥 혼합병행군은 AST, ALT 및 ALP 활성을 각각 33, 23 및 $19\%$ 감소시켰고 $CCl_4$와 황해쑥 혼합 병행군 역시 각각 37, 33 및 $26\%$ 감소시켰다. 사자발쑥과 황해쑥을 에탄올로 추출하여 제조한 쑥 추출물에 대한 항산화 성분을 측정한 결과, 총 페놀 함량은 사자발쑥 10.2 mg/mL, 황해쑥 4.7 mg/mL로 나타나 사자발쑥의 함량이 보다 많았으며 플라보노이드 함량은 사자발쑥 $6.1\;mg\%$, 황해쑥 $3.6\;mg\%$로 나타나 역시 사자발쑥의 함량이 보다 많았다. DPPH법에 의한 전자 공여능 측정 실험에서 사자발쑥 $19.0\%$, 황해쑥 $24.4\%$로 나타나 황해쑥의 항산화 능력이 다소 높았다. 사자발쑥과 황해쑥의 추출된 휘발성 성분의 조성을 GC/ MS로 분석한 결과, 사자발쑥의 주요 향기 성분은 테르펜류의 $\delta$-3-carene ($2.2\%$)과 알코올류의 nerolidol ($0.9\%$)로, 황해쑥은 알코올류의 eugenol ($1.4\%$)과 에스테르류의 ethyl pentadecanoate ($1.1\%$)로 확인되었다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.98-106
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• 2010

Objective: To examine the in vitro antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties of Amomum xanthoides extract and its fractions. Methods: Methanol extract of Amomum xanthoides was fractionated into three fractions; petroleum ether fraction (PFAX), water fraction (WFAX) and ethyl acetate fraction (AFAX). The antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of these fractions were compared by in vitro experiments. Results: The total phenols content and DPPH (1 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity was found significant in AFAX when compared with other fractions (PFAX, WFAX). AFAX significantly inhibited NO production by RAW 264.7 cells in LPS-activated condition. In Hep $G_2$ cells, AFAX markedly prevented the leakage of LDH and release of AST against CCl4 challenge. Conclusion: Amomum xanthoides and especially ethyl acetate fraction have potent antioxidative and hepatoprotective properties.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

Several parts of Lythrum salicaria were used for this study. Scavenging activities on radicals, inhibitory activity on linoleic acid peroxidation and total phenol contents of extracts from root, flower, and aerial part were evaluated. Flower and root selected from in vitro assay were subjected to in vivo assay on $CCL_4$-induced liver injury rat model for two weeks. Carbon tetrachloride intoxication on rats produced large amounts of hepatic lipid peroxidation product, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) compared with normal rats. Treatment with root extract of L. salicaria (LSR) showed effective inhibitory activity on lipid peroxidation product. Administration with LSR extract significantly alleviated $CCL_4$-induced increase in GPT activity which were more effective than silymarin. The results of this study suggest that root and flower of L. salicaria have antioxidant and liver protecting activities, and root part is the most effective candidate to develop a new functional material.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.245-250
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• 1995

The carbon tetrachloride($CCl_4$) has been demonstrated to have a hepatotoxic effect in human or many other species. To investigate the enzyme induction of mixed function oxygenases in liver of male Sprague-Dawley rats a single 0.1, 0.5 mι/kg dose of carbon tetrachloride were given. At 24 hr after a single dose of 0.1 mι CC1$_4$/kg weight, methanol extract of Hedera rhombea leaves was administered with 100, 500 mg/kg weight. Assays of 7-ethoxyresorufin-Ο-deethylation(EROD),7-benzyloxyresorufin-Ο-deathylation(BROD),4-nitro-phenol-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase(UDPGT), Western blot and RNA slot blot were used as representatives of the activities of cytochrome P-450 enzymes. The change of the activity of CYP1A1 form measured by EROD assay and Western analysis using 1-7-1 monoclonal antibody was not observed. The activity CYP2B1 form by BROD assay and using 2-66-3 monoclonal antibody was remarkably increased. Elevated level of CYP2B1 mRNA was shown by slot hybridization with 2B1-specific probe. Administration of methanol extract of Hedera rhombea leaves reversed the enzyme activity and the level of mRNA, which suggest the chemoprotective effect of methanol extracts of Hedera rhombea leaves to carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxlcity.