• Title/Summary/Keyword: Phellodendri Cortex Extract

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Beneficial effects of Phellodendri Cortex extract on hyperglycemia and diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

  • Kim, Hye-Jeong;Kong, Min-Kyu;Kim, Young-Chul
    • BMB Reports
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    • v.41 no.10
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    • pp.710-715
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    • 2008
  • This study investigated the effect of Phellodendri Cortex extract on hyperglycemia and diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal control (NC), diabetic control (DC), and diabetic treatment with Phellodendri Cortex extract (DP). Over a 4-week experimental period, Phellodendri Cortex extract was administered orally at 379 mg/kg BW/day. The final fasting serum glucose level, urine total protein level, and relative left kidney weight in the DP group were significantly lower than the DC group. Renal XO and SOD activities in the DP group were significantly lower than the DC group and renal CAT activity in the DP group was significantly higher than the DC group. Tubular epithelial change was reduced in the DP group compared to the DC group. These results indicated that Phellodendri Cortex can reduce glucose level and prevent or retard the development of diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Synergistic Antifungal Activity of Phellodendri Cortex and Magnoliae Cortex against Candida albicans

  • NA, Hyunjeong;KIM, Tae-Jong
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.50 no.1
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    • pp.12-30
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    • 2022
  • Many studies on plant extracts have been reported for the treatment of candidiasis caused by Candida albicans, a representative fungal infection. This study demonstrates the synergistic antifungal activity of the combination of Phellodendri Cortex and Magnoliae Cortex, previously reported to have antifungal efficacy. Considering the antifungal efficacy and the separation of the active constituents, berberine and magnolol, hot water extraction and carbon dioxide supercritical extraction were selected for Phellodendri Cortex and Magnoliae Cortex, respectively. A combination of 0.55 g/L hot water extract of Phellodendri Cortex and 0.59 g/L carbon dioxide supercritical extract of Magnoliae Cortex showed synergistic antifungal activity. The synergistic antifungal activity of 160 μM berberine and 100 μM magnolol, which are representative antifungal compounds of Phellodendri Cortex and Magnoliae Cortex, respectively, contributes to the synergistic antifungal effect of their extracts. The additive decrease in cellular ergosterol level and the increased antifungal efficacy by extracellular ergosterol suggest that disruption of the biological function of ergosterol in the cell membrane is not responsible for the synergistic antifungal activity of berberine and magnolol. Synergistic cellular release of chromosomal DNA upon mixing berberine and magnolol indicates that disruption of the cellular structure is responsible for the synergistic antifungal effect of berberine and magnolol.

Nitric Oxide Production and Elastase Inhibitory Activities of Extract and Its Fraction from Phellodendri Cortex (황백추출물 및 분획물의 Nitric Oxide 생성 억제 효과 및 Elastase 억제 효과)

  • Um, Ji Na;Min, Jin Woo;Joo, Kwang Sik;Kang, Hee Cheol
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.22-28
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    • 2017
  • Background: To date, the anti-wrinkle efficacy of phellodendri cortex has not been defined. In this study, we investigated the nitric oxide (NO) production and elastase inhibitory activities of 80% methanol extract of Phellodendri cortex and its ethyl acetate fraction. Methods and Results: We prepared 80% methanol extract, and its fractions from phellodendri cortex. The treatment of RAW 264.7 cell with $25{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ 80% methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction resulted in no toxicity. We conducted assays of nitric oxide (NO) production and elastase inhibition. In the NO production assay, the ethyl acetate fraction showed an inhibitory effect approximately 17 times stronger than the 80% methanol extract. In elastase inhibitory assay, the ethyl acetate fraction also showed a stronger effect than the 80% methanol extract. In order to standardize the extract and fraction, we used TLC to separate the extract and observed the plate under UV light. We confirmed that the known pharmacological ingredients berberine, and palmatine in the 80% methanol extract and the ethyl acetate fraction. Conclusions: These results indicated that phellodendri cortex extract and its ethyl acetate fraction produced strong inhibitory effect on elastase and NO production.

Synergistic Growth Inhibition of Herbal Plant Extract Combinations against Candida albicans

  • Jeemin YOON;Tae-Jong KIM
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.51 no.2
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    • pp.145-156
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    • 2023
  • Many skin diseases are caused by microbial infections. Representative pathogenic fungus and bacterium that cause skin diseases are Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Malassezia pachydermatis is a fungus that causes animal skin diseases. In this study, we propose a method for removing pathogenic microorganisms from the skin using relatively safe edible herbal extracts. Herbal extracts were screened for skin health through the removal of pathogenic microorganisms, and combinations for effective utilization of the screened extracts were identified. In this study, among methanol extracts of 240 edible plants, C. albicans, S. aureus, and M. pachydermatis were killed by extracts of 10 plants: Acori Gramineri Rhizoma, Angelicae Tenuissimae Radix, Cinnamomi Cortex, Cinnamomi Ramulus, Impatientis Semen, Magnoliae Cortex, Moutan Cortex Radicis, Phellodendri Cortex, Scutellariae Radix, and Syzygii Flos. By evaluating the synergistic antifungal activities against C. albicans using all 45 possible combinations of these 10 extracts, five new synergistic antifungal combinations, Acori Gramineri Rhizoma with Magnoliae Cortex extracts, Acori Gramineri Rhizoma with Phellodendri Cortex extracts, Angelicae Tenuissimae Radix with Magnoliae Cortex extracts, Magnoliae Cortex with Phellodendri Cortex extracts, and Phellodendri Cortex with Syzygii Flos extracts, were identified. By utilizing the selected extracts and five combinations with synergistic antifungal effects, this work provides materials and methods to develop new and safe methods for treating candidiasis using natural products.

Antimicrobial Activity of Hwangryunheadok-tang, and Scutellariae Radix Extract, Phellodendri Cortex Extract, Coptis Rhizoma Extract, Gardenia Jasminoides Extract against Staphylococcus aureus (황련해독탕(黃連解毒湯), 황련(黃連), 황금(黃芩), 황백(黃柏), 치자(梔子)의 Staphylococcus aureus에 대한 항균효과)

  • Kim, In-Soo;Oh, Hyun-Seung;Shin, Min-Koo;Lee, Young-Su
    • The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.455-471
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    • 2014
  • Objectives: This experiment was done for investigating antimicrobial activity of Hwangryunheadok-tang and Scutellariae Radix extract, Phellodendri Cortex extract, Coptis Rhizoma extract, Gardenia Jasminoides extract against Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: After administering S. aureus on a bacterial culture media plate, antimicrobial activity was tested by dripping $80{\mu}l$ diluted Hwangryunheadok-tang and Scutellariae Radix extract, Phellodendri Cortex extract, Coptis Rhizoma extract, and Gardenia Jasminoides extract (100%, 50%, 10%, 1%) on plates that were cultivated for a span of time from 16 to 72 hours. Also, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was tested by dripping the minimum dilution density solution that has antimicrobial activity between $80{\mu}l$ and $20{\mu}l$ ($80{\mu}l$, $60{\mu}l$, $40{\mu}l$, $20{\mu}l$) in measure of density. Antimicrobial activity of Hwangryunheadok-tang and four kinds of extracts against S. aureus was continually displayed. Results: 1. S. aureus (Standard Microorganism, ATCC) (1) Antimicrobial activity was displayed for Hwangryunheadok-tang, Scutellariae Radix extract, and Phellodendri Cortex extract respectively in the undiluted solution and 50% of diluted magnification. Gardenia Jasminoides extract showed its activity only in the undiluted solution; Coptis Rhizoma extract showed its activity down to 10% of diluted magnification. The antimicrobial activity of the undiluted solution was increased when the volume of inoculation increased. But, there was no difference when time was extended for cultivation. (2) MIC of Hwangryunheadok-tang, Scutellariae Radix extract was 50%, $20{\mu}l$. Coptis Rhizoma extract was 10%, $20{\mu}l$, Phellodendri Cortex extract was 50%, $80{\mu}l$ and Gardenia Jasminoides extract was 100%, $60{\mu}l$. 2. S. aureus isolated from diarrheal patients (1) When compared to standard microorganism, MIC has decreased. As a result, their antimicrobial activity has increased. (2) Antimicrobial activity of Hwangryunheadok-tang and four extracts was continually shown in extending of the time, 16, 24 and 72 hours. Conclusions: The author comes to the conclusion that Hwangryunheadok-tang, and four kinds of extracts have antimicrobial activity against S. aureus. Especially, when comparing standard microorganisms with S. aureus isolated from diarrheal patients, some cases showed that antimicrobial activity of all the extracts were better than antibiotics. Thus, if a further study is performed, the use of Hwangryunheadok-tang, and four kinds of extracts will be valuable and beneficial in clinical treatments.

Neuroprotective Effect of Methanol Extract of Phellodendri Cortex Against 1-methyl-4-Phenylpyridinium-induced Apoptosis in PC-12 Cells (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium($MPP^+$)로 유도된 파킨슨병의 세포손상에 대한 황백의 신경세포 보호효과)

  • Jung, Young-Seok;Jung, Hye-Mi;Seo, Un-Kyo
    • The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.51-63
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    • 2009
  • Background and Objective : The prospects for developing an anti-apoptotic natural component or a compound that exerts a neuroprotective effect with few or no side effects for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease appear favorable. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of the methanol extract of Phellodendri Cortex (PC extract) on 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium($MPP^+$)-induced apoptosis in PC-12 cells. Materials and Methods : We used the methanol extract of Phellodendri Cortex (PC extract). PC-12 cells were cultured by RPMZ-1640. We found the PC extract's gene expression (Bax, Bcl-2) by using RT-PCR. We examined the PC extract's protein expression (Bcl-2, Bax, cytochrome c, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), caspase-3) by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Results : Apoptosis in $MPP^+$-induced PC-12 cells was accompanied by an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, release of cytochrome c to the cytosol and the activation of caspase-3. PC extract inhibited the down-regulation of Bcl-2 and the up-regulation of Bax, as well as the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytosol. In addition, PC extract attenuated caspase-3 activation and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Conclusion : These results suggest that the neuroprotective potentials of PC extract against $MPP^+$-induced apoptosis can be. at least partially, ascribed to its anti-apoptotic effects in PC-12 cells.

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Apoptotic Effect of Phellodendri Cortex Water Extract on MIA PaCa-2 Cells (췌장암 세포주 MIA PaCa-2에서 황백 물 추출물에 의한 Apoptosis 유도 및 작용기전)

  • Lee, In Young;Jeong, Hwang San;Won, Jin Hee
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.202-211
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    • 2013
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate the apoptotic effect of Phellodendri Cortex water extract (PCWE) on pancreatic cancer cells and to find out the regulating mechanisms. Human-derived pancreatic cancer cell line, MIA PaCa-2 cells were treated by PCWE with various concentrations and the cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay. The activation of Annexin V, DNA fragmentation, cell cycle arrest and caspase activation were observed to investigate the role of PCWE in pancreatic cancer cells. Also, to find out the regulating mechanisms, we examined the ROS production. The treatment of PCWE induced the cell death in both concentration and time dependent manner. The treatment of PCWE also increased the expression of Annexin V, DNA fragmentation, cell cycle arrest, and cleavage of caspase, which means cell-death PCWE induced was apoptosis but not necrosis. The ROS production was increased by PCWE treatment and the blockade of ROS inhibited the PCWE-induced cell death. These results could suggest that PCWE induced apoptosis via ROS release in pancreatic cancer cell.

Influence of Phellodendri Cortex Methanol Extract on the Responses of the Blood Pressure in the Rabbits and Cats (황백(黃柏) Methanol Extract의 가토(家兎) 및 가묘(家猫)의 혈압반응(血壓反應)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Lim, Dong-Yoon
    • Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.27-38
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    • 1979
  • This study was attempted to investigate the pharmacological action, especially depressor action of Phellodendri cortex and to elucidate the mechanism of its action, making use of Phellodendri cortex methanol extract (PCME) because its hypotensive action is not clear. Influence of PCME on the blood pressure of the rabbits and cats were observed in this study. PCME, when given intravenously in the rabbits and cats, elicited the hypotensive action, but intraventricular PCME in the rabbits did not show depressor action. Accumulation and tachyphylaxis by PCME administered into the ear-vein of the rabbits were not shown. Depressor effect of PCME in the rabbits was attenuated significantly by pretreatment with phentolamine, guanethidine, chorisondamine and atropine, but not by propranolol, diphenhydramine, cyproheptadine and vagotomization. The pressor activity of angiotensin was unimpaired after injection of maximal hypotensive doses (100mg/kg) of PCME, but the pressor activity of norepinephrine and carotid occlusion was abolished markedly. In addition, PCME given into jugular vein of the cats weakened norepinephrine pressor responses and caused the reversal of epinephrine pressor responses. These results suggest that the hypotensive action of PCME may be due to dual mechanisms by interference with peripheral sympathetic function, alpha adrenoceptor blocking action, and peripheral parasympathomimetics action, muscarinic action.

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Antitimor Activity of Some Phytobased Polysaccharides and their Effects on the Immune Function

  • Moon, Chang-Kiu;Sim, Kyl-Soon;Lee, Soo-Hwan;Park, Kwang-Sik;Pyo, Yun-Yeo;Ha, Bae-Jin;Lee, Chong-Chul
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.123-131
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    • 1983
  • Polysaccharide fractions were prepared from Ginseng root, Mori Radicis Cortex (M. R. C. ), Phellodendri Cortex (Ph. C. ), Sappan Wood (S. W. ) and Tigli Semen (T. S.). Water extract was also prepared from the mixture of ph. C., S. W. and T. S. Ginseng polysaccharide and water extract of the mixture showed marked antitumor activity against sarcoma 180. Ginseng polysaccharide showed a mild increasing effect on the number of circulating leucocytes and a marked increasing effect on the number leucocytes and a marked increasing effect on the number of plaque forming cells (PEC). Polysaccharides from ginsing root, S. W., Ph. C. + T. S. and water extract of the mixture showed dramatic inducing activities of periotoneal exudate cells (PEC), polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) and macrophages. These results suggest the possibility that water extract of the mixture may have the lentinan like effect and ginseng polysaccharide may have stimulating effects on the general immune system.

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Isolation of Melanin Biosynthesis Inhibitory Compounds from the Phellodendri Cortex (황백(黃柏)으로부터 멜라닌 생합성 억제 물질의 분리)

  • Lee, Jong-Gu;Choi, Ji-Young;Oh, Joon-Seok;Jung, Hee-Wook;Choi, Eun-Hyang;Lee, Hee-Sang;Kim, Jeong-Ah;Chang, Tae-Soo;Son, Jong-Keun;Lee, Seung-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.38 no.4
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    • pp.387-393
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    • 2007
  • By screening inhibitory activities on the melanin polymer biosynthesis in B-16 mouse melanoma cell lines, MeOH extract of Phellodendri Cortex was found to have inhibitory effect on melanin polymer biosynthesis. Twelve compounds were isolated from the MeOH extract of P. Cortex. They were identified as obacunone (1), limonin (2), ${\beta}-sitosterol$ (3), bis(2-methylheptyl) phthalate (4), cycloeucalenol (5), berberine (6), palmatine (7), jatrorrhizine (8), syringin (9), umbelliferone (10), rutaecarpine (11) and scopoletin (12) by comparison of their physical and spectral data with those of authentic samples. Among the isolated compounds, berberine (6) and palmatine (7) showed potent inhibitory effect on the melanin polymer biosynthesis in cultured B-16 mouse melanoma cell lines, with Inhibition rate of 96% and 90%, respectively. As a positive control, arbutin exhibited an inhibition rate of 56%.