• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1184-1192
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• 2004

Experimental investigations were carried out in an atmospheric pressure, optically accessible and laboratory-scale dump combustor operating on methane gas. The objective of this study was to obtain the phase-resolved gas temperatures at different phases of the oscillating pressure cycle during unstable combustion. CARS temperature measurements were made at several spatial locations under lean premixed conditions to get the information on temperature field within the combustor. Also the effect of incomplete fuel-air mixing on phase-resolved temperature fluctuation was investigated. Results including phase-resolved averaged temperature, normalized standard deviation and temperature probability distribution functions (PDFs) were provided in this paper. Temperature PDFs gave an insight on the flame behavior. And strong correlation between phase-resolved temperature profile and pressure cycle was observed. Results of the phase-resolved high temperature gave an additional information on the perturbation of equivalence ratio at flame as well as the effect of mixing quality on NOx emission characteristics.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한연소학회 2003년도 제27회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.97-102
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• 2003

Experimental investigations were carried out in an atmospheric pressure, optically accessible and laboratory-scale dump combustor operating on natural gas. The objective of this study is to obtain the phase-resolved gas temperatures at different phases of the oscillating pressure cycle during unstable combustion. CARS temperature measurements were made at several spatial locations under lean premixed conditions to get the information on temperature field within the combustor. Also the effect of incomplete fuel-air mixing on phase-resolved temperature fluctuation was investigated. Results including phase-resolved averaged temperature, normalized standard deviation and temperature probability distribution functions (PDFs) were provided in this paper. Temperature PDFs give an insight on the flame behavior. And strong correlation between phase-resolved temperature profile and pressure cycle was observed. Results of the phase-resolved high temperature give an additional information on the perturbation of equivalence ratio at flame as well as the effect of mixing quality on NOx emission characteristics.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1193-1201
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• 2004

The effect of equivalence ratio and fuel/air mixing quality on the phase-resolved gas temperatures at different phases of the oscillating pressure cycle was experimentally investigated. An atmospheric pressure, optically accessible and laboratory-scale dump combustor operating on methane with heat release rate of 1.59kW was used. Temperature measurements were made using coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) at several spatial locations fur typical unstable combustion conditions. Analysis was conducted using parameters such as phase-resolved averaged temperature, normalized standard deviation and temperature probability distribution functions (PDFs). Also the probability on the occurrence of high temperature (over 1900K) was investigated to get the information on the perturbation of equivalence ratio and NOx emission characteristics. It was shown that most of temperature histograms exhibit Gaussian profile which has short breadth of temperature fluctuation at equivalence ratio of 0.6, while beta profile was predominant for the cases of other equivalence ratios (${\Phi}$=0.55, 0.50). It was also shown that phase-resolved averaged temperature oscillated in phase with pressure cycle, while normalized standard deviations which represent temporal turbulent intensity of temperature showed nearly constant value around 0.1. The characteristics on the occurrence of high temperature also displayed periodic wave form which was very similar to the pressure signal. And the amplitude of this profile went larger as the fuel/air mixing quality became poorer. These also provided additional information on the perturbation of equivalence ratio at flame as well as NOx emission characteristics.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한연소학회 2003년도 제27회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.103-108
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• 2003

The effect of equivalence ratio and fuel/air mixing quality on the phase-resolved gas temperatures at different phases of the oscillating pressure cycle was experimentally investigated. An atmospheric pressure, optically accessible and laboratory-scale dump combustor operating on methane with heat release rate of 1.59kW was used. Temperature measurements were made using coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) at several spatial locations for typical unstable combustion conditions. Analysis was conducted using parameters such as phase-resolved averaged temperature, normalized standard deviation and temperature probability distribution functions (PDFs). Also the probability on the occurrence of high temperature (over 1900K) was investigated to get the information on the perturbation of equivalence ratio and NOx emission characteristics. It was shown that most of temperature histograms exhibit Gaussian profile which has short breadth of temperature fluctuation at equivalence ratio of 0.6, while beta profile was predominant for the cases of other equivalence ratios (${\Phi}$=0.55, 0.50). The characteristics on the occurrence of high temperature also displayed periodic wave form which is very similar to the pressure signal. And the amplitude of this profile goes larger as the fuel/air mixing quality become poorer. These also provided additional information on the perturbation of equivalence ratio at flame as well as NOx emission characteristics.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2005년도 제24회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.274-280
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• 2005

광학적 접근이 가능한 대기압, 실험용 덤프 연소기에서 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 불안정 연소 동안 주기적으로 변하는 압력 사이클의 위상에 따른 온도를 측정함에 있다. 특히, 연소 불안정에 영향을 미치는 연료/공기의 혼합정도가 온도특성에 미치는 효과를 살펴보기 위해 반 스톡스 라만 분광학을 이용하였다. 본 논문에서는 위상에 따른 평균온도, 표준 오차, 확률 밀도함수 및 1900K 이상의 고온이 발생할 확률에 대한 결과가 제시되어있다. 실험결과에 대해 간략히 살펴보면, 압력위상에 따른 평균온도는 압력위상과 거의 동일 위상을 가짐을 확인할 수 있었고, 평균온도의 최대-최소 차이는 연료/공기 혼합이 양호할수록 작아지는 것을 발견할 수 있었다. 온도 확률밀도 함수는 화염 거동과 질소산화물 배출 특성에 대한 기본 자료를 제시해 주었다. 이러한 결과들은 궁극적으로 연소 불안정 발생 메커니즘과 열-음향학적 상호작용을 이해함에 있어 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 기대된다 하겠다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1366-1377
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• 2005

Experimental study was carried out in an atmospheric pressure, laboratory-scale dump combustor showing features of combustion instabilities. Flame structure and heat release rates were obtained from OH emission spectroscopy. Qualitative comparisons were made between line-integrated OH chemiluminescence image and Abel-transformed one. Local Rayleigh index distributions were also examined. Mean temperature, normalized standard deviation and temperature fluctuations were measured by coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS). To see the periodic behavior of oscillating flames, phase-resolved measurements were performed with respect to the pressure wave in the combustor. Results on system damping and driving characteristics were provided as a function of equivalence ratio. It also could be observed that phase resolved temperatures have been changed in a well-defined manner, while its difference between maximum and minimum reached up to 280K. These results would be expected to play an important role in better understanding of driving mechanisms and thermo-acoustic interactions.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2010

In this paper, we present the exact Riemann solver for the compressible liquid-gas two-phase shock tube problems. We hereby consider both isentropic and non-isentropic two-phase flows. The shock tube has a diaphragm in the mid-section which separates the liquid medium on the left and the gas medium on the right. By rupturing the diaphragm, various waves are observed on the phasic field variables such as pressure, density, temperature and void fraction in the form of rarefaction wave, shock wave and material interface (contact discontinuity). Both phases are treated as compressible fluids using the linearized equation of state or the stiffened-gas equation of state. We solve several shock tube problems made of a high/low pressure in the liquid and a low/high pressure in the gas. The wave propagations are well resolved by the exact Riemann solutions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.810-813
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• 1995

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectra of HCl, N2, and the ν1 fundamental of C2H2 have been measured in the gas phase. The measured spectra show rotational structures which originate from the Q-branch transitions. The spectra have successfully been simulated with proper selection rules, line positions, and relative intensities from room temperature Boltzmann population distributions. The vibration-rotation interaction constant α of HCl in the ground electronic state has been measured from the rotationally resolved CARS spectra which is α=0.3076 cm-1. Possibilities of optical pumping and of measuring state specific energy distributions of molecules are discussed.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.853-858
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• 2001

The knowledge of flame structure is essential for control of combustion instability phenomena. Some results of an experimental study on mechanism of naturally occurring combustion oscillations with a single dominant frequency are presented. Tests were conducted in a laboratory-scale dump combustor at atmospheric pressure. Sound level meter was used to track the pressure wave inside the combustor. The observed instability was a longitudinal mode with a frequency of $\sim341.8Hz$. Instability map was obtained at the condition of inlet temperature of $360^{\circ}C$, mean velocities of $8.5\sim10.8m/s$ and well premixed mixture. It showed that combustion instability was susceptible to occur in the lean conditions. In this study, unstable flame was observed from stoichiometric to 0.7 in overall equivalence ratio. At selected unstable conditions, phase-resolved OH chemiluminescence images were captured to investigate flame structure with various mean velocities. As mean velocity is increased, the flame grows and global heat release was changed. Due to these effects, combustion instability can be maintained at more lean air-fuel ratio. Also, these results give an insight to the controlling mechanism for an increasing heat release at maximum pressure.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.32-39
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• 2004

HCCI (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition) combustion has a great advantage in reducing NOx (Nitrogen Oxides) and PM (Particulate Matter) by lowering the combustion temperature due to spontaneous ignitions at multiple sites in a very lean combustible mixture. However, it is difficult to make a diesel-fuelled HCCI possible because of a poor vaporability of the fuel. To resolve this problem, the two-stage injection strategy was introduced to promote the ignition of the extremely early injected fuel. The compression ratio and air-fuel ratio were found to affect not only the ignition, but also control the combustion phase without a need for the intake-heating or EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation). The ignition timing could be controlled even at a higher compression ratio with increased IMEP (Indicated Mean Effective Pressure). The NOx (Nitrogen Oxides) emission level could be reduced by more than 90 % compared with that in a conventional DI (Direct Injection) diesel combustion mode, but the increase of PM and HC (Hydrocarbon) emissions due to over-penetration of spray still needs to be resolved.