• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.262-271
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• 2017

This paper studies the performances of five typical Phase-locked Loops (PLLs) for distorted and unbalanced grid, which are the Decoupled Double Synchronous Reference Frame PLL (DDSRF-PLL), Double Second-Order Generalized Integrator PLL (DSOGI-PLL), Double Second-Order Generalized Integrator Frequency-Lock Loop (DSOGI-FLL), Double Inverse Park Transformation PLL (DIPT-PLL) and Complex Coefficient Filter based PLL (CCF-PLL). Firstly, the principles of each method are meticulously analyzed and their unified small-signal models are proposed to reveal their interior relations and design control parameters. Then the performances are compared by simulations and experiments to investigate their dynamic and steady-state performances under the conditions of a grid voltage with a negative sequence component, a voltage drop and a frequency step. Finally, the merits and drawbacks of each PLL are given. The compared results provide a guide for the application of current control, low voltage ride through (LVRT), and unintentional islanding detection.

• Journal of international Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.384-390
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• 2012

This paper proposes a fault diagnosis method of the line-to-line voltage sensors in 3-phase AC/DC pulse width modulation (PWM) converters. The line-to-line voltage sensors are an essential device to obtain the information of the grid voltages for controlling the 3-phase AC/DC PWM converters. If the line-to-line voltage sensors are mismeasured by various faults, the voltage sensors can obtain wrong information of the grid voltage. It has an adverse effect on the control of the converter. Therefore, the converter causes the unbalance input AC current and the DC-link voltage ripple in the 3-phase AC/DC PWM converter. Hence, fast fault detection and fault tolerant control are needed. In this paper, the fault diagnosis method is proposed and verified through simulations and experiments.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제50권10호
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• pp.479-485
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• 2001

In this paper, we introduce a charge pump phase-locked loop (PLL) architecture which employs a precharge phase frequency detector (PFD) and a sequential PFD to achieve a high frequency operation and a fast acquisition. Operation frequency is increased by using the precharge PFD when the phase difference is within $-{\pi}{\sim}{\pi}$ and acquisition time is shortened by using the sequential PFD and the increased charge pump current when the phase difference is larger than ${\pm}{\pi}$. So error detection range of the proposed PLL structure is not limited to $-{\pi}{\sim}{\pi}$ and a high frequency operation and a higher speed lock-up time can be achieved. The proposed PLL was designed using 1.5 ${\mu}m$ CMOS technology with 5V supply voltage to verify the lock in process. The proposed PLL shows successful acquisition for 200 MHz input frequency. On the other hand, the conventional PLL with the sequential PFD cannot operate at up to 160MHz. Moreover, the lock-up time is drastically reduced from 7.0 ${\mu}s\;to\;2.0\;{\mu}s$ only if the loop bandwidth to input frequency ratio is regulated by the divide-by-4 counter during the acquisition process. By virtue of this dual PFDs, the proposed PLL structure can improve the trade-off between acquisition behavior and locked behavior.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.343-351
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 정렬과 비정렬된 회전자 위치들에서 자화곡선들을 기본으로 한 SRM의 회전자 워치펑가 알고리즘을 제안한다. 자화곡선은 측정된 상 전압과 상 전류로부터 계산되어지고, 계산된 데이타는 회전자 위치검출을 위한 자화곡선의 입력으로 사용되어진다. 자화곡선은 비션형 특성해석에 적합한 퍼지 알고리즘으로 구생되어졌다. 종래의 지삭기반 퍼지제어기를 이용한 자속관측기가 SRM의 센서리스 제어를 얻기 위해 제시되었다. 최적 각을 선정하기 위한 방식이 회전자 위치검출을 위해 제시되었다. 제안된 알고리즘의 강인성이 시뮬레이션과 실험결과의 비교를 통해 입증되었다.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.428-433
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• 2020

Recently, the on-chip autofocus (AF) function has become essential to the CMOS image sensor. An auto-focus usually operates using phase detection of the photocurrent difference from a pair of AF pixels that have focused or defocused. However, the phase-detection method requires a pair of AF pixels for comparison of readout. Therefore, the pixel variation may reduce AF performance. In this paper, we propose a color-selective AF pixel with a plasmonic nanostructure in a 0.9 μ㎡ pixel. The suggested AF pixel requires one pixel for AF function. The plasmonic nanostructure uses metal-insulator-metal (MIM) stack arrays instead of a color filter (CF). The color filters are formed at the subwavelength, and they transmit the specific wavelength of light according to the stack period and incident angles. For the optical analysis of the pixel, a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation was conducted. The analysis showed that the MIM stack arrays in the pixels perform as an AF pixel. As the primary metric of AF performance, the resulting AF contrasts are 1.8 for the red pixels, 1.6 for green, and 1.5 blue. Based on the simulation results, we confirmed the autofocusing performance of the MIM stack arrays.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.412-416
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• 2018

Most series arcs lead to electrical fires that cannot be interrupted by circuit breakers, because the arc's current is outside the breaker's operating range. In this paper, experiments were conducted on the detection and identification of series arcs to prevent electrical fires. Plugs and outlets specified in KS C 8305 were deteriorated to replicate arc faults commonly found in fields. The characteristics of series arcs resulting from various types of loose connections were determined by analyzing the frequency spectra and phase distributions of detected arc pulses. The results showed that the simulated arc defects used in this study were more similar to actual arc phenomena than the existing arc generator specified in UL 1699. In addition, loose connections, such as wire-wire, terminal-wire, and outlet-plug, can be identified by phases of $0^{\circ}$, $180^{\circ}$ and $360^{\circ}$, respectively. These phases can be detected by a band pass filter with a frequency range of 5~10 MHz, which can be used as the trip signal for circuit breakers.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1110-1121
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• 2016

The mathematical model of a three phase PWM converter under the stationary αβ reference frame is deduced and constructed based on a Proportional-Resonant (PR) regulator, which can replace trigonometric function calculation, Park transformation, real-time detection of a Phase Locked Loop and feed-forward decoupling with the proposed accurate calculation of the inductance voltage vector. To avoid the parallel resonance of the LCL topology, the active damping method of the proportional capacitor-current feedback is employed. As to current vector error elimination, an optimized PR controller of the inner current loop is proposed with the zero-pole matching (ZPM) and cancellation method to configure the regulator. The impacts on system's characteristics and stability margin caused by the PR controller and control parameter variations in the inner-current loop are analyzed, and the correlations among active damping feedback coefficient, sampling and transport delay, and system robustness have been established. An equivalent model of the inner current loop is studied via the pole-zero locus along with the pole placement method and frequency response characteristics. Then, the parameter values of the control system are chosen according to their decisive roles and performance indicators. Finally, simulation and experimental results obtained while adopting the proposed method illustrated its feasibility and effectiveness, and the inner current loop achieved zero static error tracking with a good dynamic response and steady-state performance.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2010

본 논문에서 다수의 사용자 중에서 현재 발성하고 있는 화자를 검출하는 스테레오 시청각 기반의 화자 검출 시스템을 제안한다. 제안한 시스템은 두 개의 마이크를 이용한 음원 위치추정, 스테레오 카메라를 이용한 영상정합 및 발화자 후보 위치 추정, 그리고 모바일 기반의 화자 검출 정보 획득으로 구성되어 있다. 스테레오 카메라로부터 획득한 화자의 영상정보를 바탕으로 Adaboost 알고리즘과 Haar-like 특징을 이용하여 발화자 후보들의 얼굴을 검출하고 이를 기반으로 삼각측량법을 이용하여 발화자 후보들의 위치를 추정한다. 그리고 2개의 마이크로부터 획득한 화자의 음성정보를 바탕으로 CPSP(Cross Power Spectrum Phase)기반의 TDOA(Time Differnce of Arrival)추정을 통해 음원의 방향을 추정한다. 최종적으로 스테레오 카메라를 통해 측정된 정보와 마이크를 통해 얻은 정보를 비교 분석하여 현재 발화자를 검출한다. 검출된 화자 정보에 대한 보다 차별화 된 서비스 제공을 위해 TCP 서버/클라이언트 구조 기반의 모바일 화자 검출 정보 획득 시스템을 구현하고 평가하였다.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.546-552
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• 2012

This paper presents an active anti-islanding detection method using negative sequence voltage injection to the grid through a three-phase photovoltaic inverters. Because islanding operation mode can cause a variety of problems, the islanding detection of grid-connected photovoltaic inverter is the mandatory feature. The islanding mode is detected by measuring the magnitude of negative sequence impedance calculated by the negative sequence voltage and current at the point of common coupling. Simulation and experimental test are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method which can detect the islanding mode in the specified time. The test has been done in accordance with the condition on IEEE Std 929-2000.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.134-139
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• 2018

A novel approach for frequency-tripling vector signal generation via balanced detection without precoding and optical filter is proposed. The scheme is mainly utilizing an integrated dual-polarization quadrature phase shift keying (DPQPSK) modulator. In the DPQPSK modulator, one QPSK modulator is driven by an RF signal to generate high-order optical sidebands, while the other QPSK modulator is modulated by I/Q data streams to produce baseband vector signal as an optical carrier. After that, a frequency-tripling 16-quadrature-amplitude-modulation (16QAM) vector millimeter-wave (mm-wave) signal can be obtained by balanced detection. The proposed scheme can reduce the complexity of transmitter digital signal processing. The results show that, a 4 Gbaud baseband 16QAM vector signal can be generated at 30 GHz by frequency-tripling. After 10 km single-mode fiber (SMF) transmission, the constellation and eye diagrams of the generated vector signal perform well and a bit-error-rate (BER) below than 1e-3 can be achieved.