• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.350-362
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• 2015

A disease forecast model for bacterial grain rot (BGR) of rice, which is caused by Burkholderia glumae, was developed in this study. The model, which was named 'BGRcast', determined daily conduciveness of weather conditions to epidemic development of BGR and forecasted risk of BGR development. All data that were used to develop and validate the BGRcast model were collected from field observations on disease incidence at Naju, Korea during 1998-2004 and 2010. In this study, we have proposed the environmental conduciveness as a measure of conduciveness of weather conditions for population growth of B. glumae and panicle infection in the field. The BGRcast calculated daily environmental conduciveness, $C_i$, based on daily minimum temperature and daily average relative humidity. With regard to the developmental stages of rice plants, the epidemic development of BGR was divided into three phases, i.e., lag, inoculum build-up and infection phases. Daily average of $C_i$ was calculated for the inoculum build-up phase ($C_{inf}$) and the infection phase ($C_{inc}$). The $C_{inc}$ and $C_{inf}$ were considered environmental conduciveness for the periods of inoculum build-up in association with rice plants and panicle infection during the heading stage, respectively. The BGRcast model was able to forecast actual occurrence of BGR at the probability of 71.4% and its false alarm ratio was 47.6%. With the thresholds of $C_{inc}=0.3$ and $C_{inf}=0.5$, the model was able to provide advisories that could be used to make decisions on whether to spray bactericide at the preand post-heading stage.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제37권3_4호
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• pp.23-33
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• 1995

Geographic data which are difficult to handle by the characteristics of spatial variation and variety turned into a possibility to analyze with tlie computer-aided digital map and the use of Geographic Information System(GIS). The purpose of this study is to develop and apply a GIS application model (GISCELWAB) for the spatial simulation of surface runoff from a small watershed. This paper discribes the modeling procedure and the applicability of the cell water balance model (CELWAB) which calculates the water balance of a cell and simulates surface runoff of watershed simultaneously by the interaction of cells. The cell water balance model was developed to simulate the temporal and spatial storage depth and surface runoff of a watershed. The CELWAB model was constituted by Inflow-Outflow Calculator (JOC) which was developed to connect cell-to-cell transport mechanism automatically in this study. The CELWAB model requests detail data for each component of a cell hydrologic process. In this study, therefore, BANWOL watershed which have available field data was selected, and sensitivity for several model parameters was analyzed. The simulated results of surface runoff agreed well with the observed data for the rising phase of hydrograph except the recession phase. Each mean of relative errors for peak discharge and peak time was 0.21% and2.1 1% respectively. In sensitivity analysis of CELWAB , antecedent soil moisture condition(AMC) affected most largely the model.

• 천문학회보
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.43.1-43.1
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• 2017

A three-dimensional (3D) $Ly{\alpha}$ radiative transfer code is developed to study the Wouthuysen-Field effect, which couples the 21 cm spin temperature of neutral hydrogen and the $Ly{\alpha}$ radiation field, and the escape fraction of $Ly{\alpha}$ from galaxies. The Monte Carlo code is capable of treating arbitrary 3D distributions of $Ly{\alpha}$ source, neutral hydrogen and dust densities, gas temperature, and velocity field. It is demonstrated that the resonance-line profile at the center approaches to the Boltzmann distribution with the gas temperature. A plane-parallel ISM model, which is appropriate for the neutral ISM of our Galaxy, is used to calculate the $Ly{\alpha}$ radiation field strength as a function of height above the galactic plane. We also use a two-phase, clumpy medium model which is composed of the cold and warm neutral media (WNM). It is found that the $Ly{\alpha}$ radiation field is strong enough to thermalize the 21 cm spin temperature in the WNM to the gas kinetic temperature. The escape fraction of $Ly{\alpha}$ is found to be a few percent, which is consistent with the $Ly{\alpha}$ observations of our Galaxy and external galaxies.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.127-135
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• 2010

복합, 대형화되는 건설현장에서 사용되는 건설정보들의 양은 방대해지고 이에 따라 효율적인 건설현장 관리의 중요성이 대두되기 시작하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 BIM의 이론적 고찰과 국내외 사례조사를 통해서 BIM의 적용 현황 및 가능성을 파악하고 건설현장의 수행단계별, 협업주체별 중심의 분석을 통해서 효율적인 건설현장 관리모델의 구축 방향을 제시하고자 한다. BIM을 적용하여 목적 건축물의 3D Modeling을 통한 2D 도면의 시각화, 도면 오류의 사전 발췌로 시간적, 금전적 손실을 최소화, 3D 모델의 물량정보로 예산 작성의 정확성을 향상, 정확한 도면의 건축정보와 물량정보로 공사 진행 방향 설정에 확실성을 부여 및 부위별 객체 정보를 포함한 BIM기반의 건설정보를 바탕으로 공정관리를 통한 원가관리, 품질관리가 가능함을 알 수 있었다. 이 과정을 통해 BIM정보를 통합하고 연계함으로써 현장과 각 협업주체들 간의 건설현장 관리의 효율성을 향상이 가능하다고 판단된다. 추후에는 실제 건설현장 관리모델을 구축하고 실제 건설현장에 적용하여 검증을 하는 연구가 필요하다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.111-126
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• 2015

In this study, the coupled effects of magnetic field, stress and thermal field on gravity waves propagating in a liquid layer over a solid surface are discussed. Due to change in temperature, initial hydrostatic stress and magnetic field, the gravity-sound Rayleigh waves can propagate in the liquid-solid interface. Dispersion properties of waves are derived by using classical dynamical theory of thermoelasticity. The phase velocity of gravity waves influenced quite remarkably in the presence of initial stress parameter, magneto-thermoelastic coupling parameter in the half space. Numerical solutions are also discussed for gravity-Rayleigh waves. In the absence of temperature, stress and magnetic field, the obtained results are in agreement with classical results.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.369-379
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• 2008

A combined stochastic diffusion and mean-field model is developed for a systematic study of the grain growth in a pure single-phase polycrystalline material. A corresponding Fokker-Planck continuity equation is formulated, and the interplay/competition of stochastic and curvature-driven mechanisms is investigated. Finite difference results show that the stochastic diffusion coefficient has a strong effect on the growth of small grains in the early stage in both two-dimensional columnar and three-dimensional grain systems, and the corresponding growth exponents are ~0.33 and ~0.25, respectively. With the increase in grain size, the deterministic curvature-driven mechanism becomes dominant and the growth exponent is close to 0.5. The transition ranges between these two mechanisms are about 2-26 and 2-15 nm with boundary energy of 0.01-1 J $m^{-2}$ in two- and three-dimensional systems, respectively. The grain size distribution of a three-dimensional system changes dramatically with increasing time, while it changes a little in a two-dimensional system. The grain size distribution from the combined model is consistent with experimental data available.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2013

Purpose - The objectives of this study are to find the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats related to the national innovation system of Iran (using a SWOT analysis) and to extract some strategic recommendations to modify the innovation policies of Iran. Research design, data, and methodology - This study used a literature review and field study. In the first phase, the author studied library resources and articles, and browsed through Internet information about the subject. The second phase was a field research investigation through designed questionnaires and interviews with more than 100 policymakers, officials, executives, and others related to the national innovation system in 2011. Results - In this research study, strategic recommendations were extracted through a SWOT model for improvements to the innovation policies of Iran. Conclusions - The findings of this study show the role of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in the national innovation system of Iran and suggest strategic recommendations for its modification.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제44권8호
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• pp.871-888
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• 2012

This paper aims at presenting the state of the art, the recent progress, and the perspective for the future, in the modelling of two-phase flow in the horizontal legs of a PWR. All phenomena relevant for safety analysis are listed first. The selection of the modelling approach for system codes is then discussed, including the number of fluids or fields, the space and time resolution, and the use of flow regime maps. The classical two-fluid six-equation one-pressure model as it is implemented in the CATHARE code is then presented and its properties are described. It is shown that the axial effects of gravity forces may be correctly taken into account even in the case of change of the cross section area or of the pipe orientation. It is also shown that it can predict both fluvial and torrential flow with a possible hydraulic jump. Since phase stratification plays a dominant role, the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and the stability of bubbly flow regime are discussed. A transition criterion based on a stability analysis of shallow water waves may be used to predict the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. Recent experimental data obtained in the METERO test facility are analysed to model the transition from a bubbly to stratified flow regime. Finally, perspectives for further improvement of the modelling are drawn including dynamic modelling of turbulence and interfacial area and multi-field models.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2005년도 제31회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.20-27
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• 2005

I consider the structure of steady wave system which is admitted by the continuum equations for materials that undergo phase transformations with exothermic chemical reaction. In particular, the dynamic phase front structures between liquid and gas phases, and solid and liquid phases are computationally investigated. Based on the one-dimensional continuum shock structure analysis, the present approach can estimate the nano-width of waves that are present in combustion. For illustration purpose, n-heptane is used in the evaporation and condensation analysis and HMX is used in the melting and freezing analysis of energetic materials of interest. On-going effort includes extension of this idea to include broad range of liquid and solid fuels, such as rocket propellants.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1992년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국내학술편); KOEX, Seoul; 19-21 Oct. 1992
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• pp.675-679
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• 1992

In industry, the speed control of single-phase induction motor in domestic use is generally controlled by a simple ON-OFF or PID control method. However, in this case, in order to have a good speed regulating characteristics, itself should be modified in accordance with the optimum PID factors which are varied each time operating speed changes. Shortening the development time and saving the cost which are needed to modify the controller is a major problem to be solved now in industry. In order to alleviate the above difficulties, it is proposed to apply adaptive control technique using MRFAC(Model Reference Following Adaptive Control) for the speed control of single-phase induction motor which has scarcely been studied. In this paper, the above speed control technique is achieved using MCS-96 one chip micro controller with a good speed control characteristics and it is expetted to open a wide application field in the speed control of single-phase induction motor in the future.