• Animal cells and systems
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.239-245
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• 2002

Plasma melatonin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and body temperature were measured simultaneously and continuously before and after the sleep-wake cycle was shifted in 4 healthy males and changes in the circadian rhythm itself and in the phase relationship among these circadian rhythms were determined. Normal sleep-wake cycle (sleep hours: 2300-0700) was delayed by 10 h (sleep hours: 0900-1700) during the experiment. Even after this shift the typical melatonin rhythm was maintained: low during daytime and high during night. The melatonin rhythm was gradually delayed day by day. The TSH rhythm was also maintained fundamentally during 3 consecutive days of altered sleep-wake cycle. The phase was also delayed gradually but remarkably. The daily rhythm of body temperature was changed by the alteration of sleep-wake cycle. The body temperature began to decrease at the similar clock time as in the control but the decline during night awake period was less steep and the lowered body temperature persisted during sleep. The hormonal profiles during the days of shifted sleep/wake cycle suggest that plasma melatonin and TSH rhythms are basically regulated by an endogenous biological clock. The parallel phase shift of melatonin and TSH upon the change in sleep-wake cycle suggests that a common unitary pacemaker probably regulates these two rhythms. The reversal phase relationship between body temperature and melatonin suggests that melatonin may have a hypothermic effect on body temperature. The altered body temperature rhythm suggests that the awake status during night may inhibit the circadian decrease in body temperature and that sleep sustains the lowered body temperature. It is probable but uncertain that there ave causal relationships among sleep, melatonin, TSH, and body temperature.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2003년도 International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.504-508
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• 2003

New banana-shaped achiral compounds, 4-chloro-1,3-phenylene bis [4-4(3-fluoro-9-alkenyloxy) phenyl-iminomethylbenzoate]s and 4-chloro-1,3-phenylene bis [4-4-(3-fluoro-10-alkanyloxy) phenyliminomethyl benzoate]s were synthesized by varying the substituent (X=H, F, or Cl); their electrooptical properties are described. The smectic phases, including a switchable chiral smectic C ($SmC^{\ast}$) phase, were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy, and triangular method. The presence of vinyl end group at the terminals of linear side wings in the banana-shaped molecules induced a decrease in melting temperature. The smectic phase having the undecenyloxy group such $as-(CH_2)_9CH=CH_2$ showed ferroelectric switching, and its value of spontaneous polarization on reversal of an applied electric field was 2250 $nC/cm^2$, while the value of spontaneous polarization of the smectic phase having the decanyloxy group such as $-(CH2)_9CH_3$ was 3700 $nC/cm^2$. We could obtain the ferroelectric phase with low isotropic temperature by varying the end group at the terminals of linear side wings in the banana-shaped achiral molecules.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2000년도 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집
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• pp.110-115
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• 2000

The mean streamline analysis using the empirical loss correlations has been developed for performance prediction of industrial mixed-flow fan impellers in the present study. New simple, but effective, models for the additional Euler input work characteristic and an internal recirculation loss due to internal flow reversal under the low flowrate conditions are proposed in this paper. Comparison of overall performance predictions with six sets of test data of mixed-flow fans is accomplished to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed models. Predicted performance curves by the present set of loss models agree fairly well with experimental data for a variety of mixed-flow fan impellers over the entire operating conditions. The prediction method presented herein can be used efficiently in the conceptual design phase of mixed-flow fan impellers.

• ALGAE
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2007

The gametophytic filaments of two genetically distinct taxa of Bangia from New Zealand showed unusual rhizoidal development in comparative culture experiments. In the past Bangia has been reported to possess simple, colourless rhizoids that extend from the basal cells of the unbranched filaments, whereas in this study the rhizoids observed became pigmented and multicellular. A reversal of growth direction occurred and filamentous extensions developed from the rhizoids under some culture conditions. These extensions were either prostrate or resembled new gametophytic filaments. This is the first report for filamentous members of the Bangiales of the development of such stolon-like rhizoids, apparently serving as a form of vegetative reproduction.

• 전자공학회논문지S
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• 제35S권10호
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• pp.126-134
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• 1998

이 논문에서는 윈도우를 이용한 위상복원에 관하여 다룬다, 구하고자 하는 신호의 푸리에 크기와 이 원하는 신호에 서로 보완 (complementary) 윈도우가 곱해진 신호의 푸리에 크기로부터 원하는 신호를 구하는 문제에 대하여 알아본다. 여기서는 유일 조건을 만족하기 위한 여러 조건을 제시하고 Gerchberg-Saxton 알고리즘을 응용한 새로운 복원 알고리즘을 제시한다. 이 연구의 결과는 광학, 특히 천문학에서 Ground-based Telescope의 성능 개선에 이용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.321-334
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• 2024

The paper is a study on the biothermoelastic analysis in viscoelastic biological tissues in the presence of thermal relaxation times. Using Laplace transforms and related methodologies, we explore how living tissue responds to an exponentially decaying pulse of heat flux at the boundary. The Laplace transformations are reversed using the numerical method. The Tzuo technique was used to measure the reversal. Temperature, displacement, and stress distributions are affected by single-phase and delay relaxation coefficients as well as volume rheological factors, are provided with numerical findings and graphically depicted. In addition, we carry out a parametric analysis to provide assistance in choosing the design variables that are the most successful, which finally results in an improvement in the accuracy of hyperthermia treatments.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.184-190
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• 1999

가스 하이드레이트는 전세계적으로 새로운 에너지 자원으로 활용 가능성을 포함하고 있어 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 한국자원연구소에서는 1997년 부터 동해에서 메탄 하이드레이트 부존 잠재력 규명을 위한 탄성파 탐사를 하고 있다. 탄성파 자료에서 하이드레이트 부존을 의미하는 일반적인 특성은 해저면과 평행하게 나타나는 BSR(Bottom Simulating Reflection)과 BSR 상부에서 보이는 진폭감소 그리고 BSR 하부에서 보이는 진폭증가와 구간속도의 감소 그리고 BSR에서 반사파의 역전현상 등이 있다. 따라서 위와 같은 하이드레이트 부존특성을 탐지하기 위한 목적으로 실시되는 자료처리는 진 진폭을 유지하는 자료처리, 정밀 속도분석 및 AVO분석 등이 요구된다. 본 연구는 1998년 동해에서 취득된 탄성파 탐사자료를 처리하여 하이드레이트 부존 가능성을 확인하고자 하였다. 적용된 자료처리 공정은 구형확산 보정과 주파수 필터링, 공심점 분류, 정밀 속도분석 공정 등이다. AVO분석은 이용된 현장자료가 AVO를 분석할 정도의 입사각을 유지하고 있지 않아 제외하였다. 정밀 속도분석은 반복적으로 속도 스펙트럼을 구하는 방법으로 정확한 중합속도 결정이 가능한 XYA를 이용하였으며 자료처리의 모든 공정은 국내고유의 탄성파 자료처리 소프트웨어인 Geobit 2.9.5 를 이용하였다. 자료처리 결과 음원위치 $1650\~1900$에서 해저면으로 부터 약 $367\~477m$ 깊이(왕복주시 약 1800ms)에 해저면과 평행하게 발달한 BSR을 확인할 수 있었으며, BSR부근에서 구간속도 감소 뿐만 아니라 해저면 반사파의 위상과 반대인 반사파 역전현상도 확인할 수 있었다.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.237-246
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of forward-and-backward shift trunk exercise using a proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) diagonal pattern in a closed kinematic chain exercise on the upper limb function and activity of daily living (ADL) in a stroke patient. Methods: One subject participated in this study. The study used a reversal A-B-A' design, where A and A' were the baseline period (no intervention), and B was the intervention period. The intervention was a forward-and-backward trunk shift exercise, using a PNF diagonal pattern on both a stand-on-hand position and a quadruped position of closed kinematic chain exercises, for 20 min per day for 2 weeks. The range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder joint was measured and a Fugl-Meyer assessment of upper extremity (FMA-UE) and a functional independence measure (FIM) were performed to measure upper limb function and activity of daily living (ADL). Results: ROMs of shoulder joint (flexion, extension, abduction, and external rotation) increased in the intervention phase. The FMA-UE score increased (from 28 to 36) in the intervention phase. The FIM score increased (from 20 to 25) in the intervention phase. These increases were maintained after intervention (Baseline II). Conclusion: These results suggest that forward-and-backward shift trunk exercises using a PNF diagonal pattern in a closed kinematic chain exercise have a positive effect on stroke patients' upper limb function and ADL ability.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.1171-1176
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• 2004

Three banana-shaped achiral compounds, 4-chloro-1,3-phenylene bis [4-{4-(undecenyloxy)phenyl imino-methyl} benzoate] derivatives, were synthesized with variation of a substituent (x=H, F, Cl); their antiferro-electric properties are described. The smectic mesophases, including a switchable chiral smectic C(Sm $C^{\ast}$) phase, were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy, triangular wave method, and X-ray diffractometry. The presence of vinyl groups at the terminals of linear side wings in the banana-shaped achiral molecules induced a decrease in melting temperature and formation of the switchable Sm $C^{\ast}$ phase in the melt. The smectic phase having a lateral fluorine-substituent at 3-position of the Schiff's base moiety showed antiferroelctric switching, and the value of spontaneous polarization on reversal of an applied electric field was 250 nC/$cm^2$ .

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.48-53
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• 2014

수중음향통신은 시변동성으로 인하여 도플러 편이를 발생하고, 다중경로로 인하여 지연 확산의 특성을 갖는다. 이러한 채널 특성은 인접 심볼 간 간섭을 발생시켜 통신 성능을 저하시킨다. 통신 성능을 개선하기 위하여 시역전, 공간 다이버시티, 위상 추정기 및 등화기 등과 같은 다양한 기법이 연구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 시변동성 다중경로로 인한 인접 심볼 간 간섭을 완화하는 방법으로 빔 형성 기반의 공간 필터 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 원하는 신호방향으로 빔을 조향하여 공간상의 신호를 분리하고, 배열 이득으로 신호 대 간섭 잡음비를 향상시키고 통신 성능을 개선한다.