• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.329-335
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• 2006

The present study was designed to investigate aging-related effects on the activities of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes of rat liver by dietary supplementation of Korean red ginseng water-extract. Rat did not show any discernible signs of the rejection symptoms, and blood GOT and GPT levels were not influenced by ginseng water extracts, Cytochrome 450 levels and NADPH cytochrome P45O reductase, p-450 dependent ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase, and benzphetamine N-demethylase activities were decreased with aging, however, these phase I system enzymes activities in the ginseng group of24 months were well maintained compared with normal group. But, Levels of cytochrome bs and NADH-cytochrome b$_5$ reductase activities were also decreased with aging and were not found a clear difference between two groups. Glutathione-s-transferase activity, phase II enzyme system, in liver cytosols was also decreased in old ages, but the degree of decrease was higher in normal group than in giuseng supplemented group. These results indicate that long-term supplementation of red ginseng water extracts from weaning to 24 months do not show any side effects to rats, and retard age-related deteriorations of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes activities in old ages.

• 생약학회지
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• 제34권4호통권135호
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• pp.297-302
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• 2003

Cnidii Rhizoma water extract (CRW) was tested for liver cancer chemopreventive potential by measuring the inhibition of phase I enzyme and benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct formation and induction of phase II detoxification enzymes. There was 17.0% inhibition in the activity of cytochrome P450 1A1 enzyme with the treatment of 150 mg/ml CRW. At concentration of 30 mg/ml CRW, the binding of $[^3H]B[a]P$ metablites to DNA of NCTC-clone 1469 cell was inhibited by 33.3%. CRW was potent inducer of quinone reductase (QR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in cultured murine hepatoma Hepalc1c7 cells. However, hepatic glutathione (GSH) level was not influenced by CRW. These findings suggest that CRW has chemopreventive potential of liver cancer by inhibiting cytochrome P450 1A1 activity and benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct formation and inducing QR and GST activities.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1690-1698
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• 2014

Partial purification of glucoamylase from solid-state fermentation culture was, firstly, investigated by reverse micellar extraction (RME). To avoid back extraction problems, the glucoamylase was kept in the original aqueous phase, while the other undesired proteins/enzymes were moved to the reverse micellar organic phase. The individual and interaction effects of main factors (i.e., pH and NaCl concentration in the aqueous phase, and concentration of sodium bis-2-ethyl-hexyl-sulfosuccinate (AOT) in the organic phase) were studied using response surface methodology. The optimum conditions for the maximum recovery of the enzyme were pH 2.75, 100 mM NaCl, and 200 mM AOT. Furthermore, the optimum organic to aqueous volume ratio ($V_{org}/V_{aq}$) and appropriate number of sequential extraction stages were 2 and 3, respectively. Finally, 60% of the undesired enzymes including proteases and xylanases were removed from the aqueous phase, while 140% of glucoamylase activity was recovered in the aqueous phase and the purification factor of glucoamylase was found to be 3.0-fold.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.1384-1389
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• 2003

In order to clarify one of the biological functions of pork, we investigated whether a peptic hydrolysate of denatured porcine crude myosin showed inhibitory activity against angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE), which contributed to hypertension. Our results indicated that this hydrolysate showed relatively strong activity, and we therefore attempted to separate the involved peptides, which were considered to be active substances. To isolate these active peptides, the hydrolysate was separated using a solidphase separation, gel filtration high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and two kinds of reverse phase HPLC. In each stage of separation, many fractions were detected, almost all of which showed ACE inhibitory activity. Thus, we suggested that the activity of the hydrolysate as a whole was a result of the activities of the many individual peptides. Six peaks were distinguished, with yields from 34 to 596 ppm of original crude myosin. In addition to the six peaks, many other active fractions were found throughout the separation steps, strongly suggesting that whole porcine crude myosin itself had ACE inhibitory activity. Moreover, pork as food was considered to function as an ACE inhibitory material in vivo, because pork proteins consist primarily of crude myosin, which included almost all the myofibrillar structural proteins.

• 분석과학
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.182-189
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 HPLC-ICP-MS를 이용하여 여러 식품에 포함된 셀레늄의 화학종을 분리하고 정량 하였다. 양이온 교환 크로마토그래피를 사용할 때에 무기셀레늄 화학종의 분리는 효율적이나 유기셀레늄 화학종은 분리가 완전하지 못한 반면, 역상 이온쌍 크로마토그래피에서는 유기와 무기 셀레늄 화학종들을 모두 잘 분리 할 수 있었다. $C_8$ 컬럼($Symmetryshield^{TM}\;RP_8$, 3.5 ${\mu}m$, $4.6{\times}150$ mm)을 이용하여 최적조건(이동상; 5% 메탄올, ion-pairing reagent; 0.05% nonafluorovaleric acid, 흐름속도; 0.9 mL $min^{-1}$)하에서 표준물 Se(IV), Se(VI), SeCys (selenocystein), SeMet (selenomethionine), Se-M-C (seleno methyl cystein)를 성공적으로 분리하였다. 시료에서의 셀레늄화학종의 추출은 마이크로파를 이용한 추출과 효소(protease I, trypsin, protease XIV)를 이용한 추출을 사용하였는데 시료에 따라 서로 다른 효율과 결과를 보여주었다. 식물성 시료인 마늘 시료는 protease I, 동물성 시료인 돼지고기와 고등어 시료는 protease I + trypsin이 가장 효율적인 추출을 보여주었다. 각 시료의 최적 조건을 선택하여 셀레늄 화학종을 추출하고 분리 정량한 결과 이들에는 주로 무기 Se, SeCys, SeMet이 수 ${\mu}g$ $g^{-1}$ 내지 수 십 ${\mu}g$ $g^{-1}$ 수준으로 포함되어 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.511-516
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• 2006

발효 소시지의 제조에 starter로 사용한 균주를 선발하기 위해 각 유산균 균주들의 ACE 저해 활성, 콜레스테롤 흡착능력, 발효 육제품 저장 중 S. aureus에 대한 저해 황성을 평가하였다. ACE 저해 활성은 L. plantarum L167이 가장 우수하였고(58.75%), 콜레스테롤 흡착 능력이 우수한 균주로는 L. plantarum L155를 선발하였다. 박테리오신을 생산하는 P. damnosus를 starter로 이용하여 제조한 발효 소시지에 S. aureus를 접종하여 상온 저장 중 생균수를 측정한 결과 저장 35일째에 대조구에 비하여 1 log의 균수 감소 효과가 나타났다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.1030-1038
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• 2022

Objective: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of enzyme complex (EC) on the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in corn gluten meal (60%) (CGM), soy protein concentrate (SPC), dried bovine plasma (DBP), and poultry offal meal (POM). Experiments I and II were conducted with broilers in the pre-starter (1 to 7 days of age) and starter (1 to 21 days of age) phases, respectively. Methods: The treatments consisted of a protein-free diet (PFD) containing feedstuffs either supplemented with EC (xylanase, amylase, and protease) or not. In Experiment I, a total of 360 one-day-old male Cobb-500 broiler chicks were randomly housed in 45 pens, resulting in five replicates with eight birds each, totalizing eight treatments and one PFD group. In Experiment II a total of 270 one-day-old male Cobb-500 broiler chicks were randomly housed in 45 pens, resulting in five replicates with six birds each, totalizing eight treatments and one PFD group. The PFD groups were used to assess the endogenous AA losses. The birds were slaughtered to collect the ileal content. Results: In the pre-starter phase, the SID of arginine, branched chain-aminoacids, glycine, serine, aspartate, and glutamic acid increased with EC addition. The EC improved the SID of arginine and glutamic acid of CGM; the SID of valine and cystine of SPC; the SID of leucine, glycine, and aspartate of POM and the SID of isoleucine of DBP. In the starter phase, the SID of isoleucine, phenylalanine and glycine increased in EC-supplemented diets. The EC improved the SID of isoleucine of DBP; the SID of phenylalanine of CGM and POM. The SID of AA of SPC was not influenced by the EC. Conclusion: The addition of an EC to broiler pre-starter and starter diets is efficient in increasing the SID of AA on SPC, POM, and DBP.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.278-289
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• 2015

Indigenous strains of Trichoderma species isolated from rhizosphere soils of Tea gardens of Assam, north eastern state of India were assessed for in vitro antagonism against two important tea fungal pathogens namely Pestalotia theae and Fusarium solani. A potent antagonist against both tea pathogenic fungi, designated as SDRLIN1, was selected and identified as Trichoderma viride. The strain also showed substantial antifungal activity against five standard phytopathogenic fungi. Culture filtrate collected from stationary growth phase of the antagonist demonstrated a significantly higher degree of inhibitory activity against all the test fungi, demonstrating the presence of an optimal blend of extracellular antifungal metabolites. Moreover, quantitative enzyme assay of exponential and stationary culture filtrates revealed that the activity of cellulase, ${\beta}$-1,3-glucanase, pectinase, and amylase was highest in the exponential phase, whereas the activity of proteases and chitinase was noted highest in the stationary phase. Morphological changes such as hyphal swelling and distortion were also observed in the fungal pathogen grown on potato dextrose agar containing stationary phase culture filtrate. Moreover, the antifungal activity of the filtrate was significantly reduced but not entirely after heat or proteinase K treatment, demonstrating substantial role of certain unknown thermostable antifungal compound(s) in the inhibitory activity.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2003년도 제20차 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.89-90
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• 2003

중탄산소다 함유 대두유 사료는 급성기 반응에 의한 생산성(증체, 사료효율, 칼슘밸런스, 뇨질소 배설량 및 NB) 감소 완화작용이 있었으며, 이때 에너지원의 흡수 증가에 의한 대사에너지 값의 상승과 인 발란스의 증가 및 적혈구 세포액중의 SOD 및 순환 세룰로플라민스의 활성 감소가 관찰되었다. 본 결과는 급성기 반응중의 사료에너지 이용과 전해질 농도는 항산화계의 변화와 상관관계가 있다는 것을 나타내었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.523-532
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• 2004

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of microbial phytase ($Natuphos^{R}$) supplementation in combination with enzyme complex (composed of enzymes targeted to SBM dietary components such as $\alpha$-galactosides and galactomannans; $Endo-Power^{R}$) to diet with low nutrient levels on growth performance and ileal nutrient digestibility of weaned pigs. A total of 210 crossbred weaned pigs (Landrace$\times$Yorkshire$\times$Duroc), 6.68$\pm$0.98 kg of initial body weight, were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments, based on weight and age, according to a randomized complete block design. There were three pens per treatment and 14 pigs per pen. The dietary treatments were 1) CON (Control diet with no phytase and enzyme complex (EC)), 2) LP+EC 100 (Control diet with 0.15% unit lower available phosphorus (aP) level+0.1% phytase (500 FTU/kg diet) and 0.1% enzyme complex), 3) LP+EC 80 (Control diet with 0.15% unit lower aP level+0.08% phytase (400 FTU/kg diet) and 0.08% enzyme complex, 4) LPEA+EC 100 (Control diet with 0.15% unit lower aP and 3% lower ME and amino acid levels (lysine, methionine, threonine and typtophan)+0.1% phytase (500 FTU/kg diet) and 0.1% enzyme complex), 5) LPEA+EC 80 (Control diet with 0.15% unit lower aP and 3% lower ME and amino acid levels+0.08% phytase (400 FTU/ kg diet) and 0.08% enzyme complex). For the determination of ileal nutrients digestibility, a total of 15 T-cannulated pigs (initial body weight; 7.52$\pm$1.24 kg; 3 replicates per treatment) were used in the present study. Piglets were weighted and allotted into same dietary treatments as one in growth trial and phase I experimental diets were provided for ileal digestibility study. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) among dietary treatments during the whole experimental period (0 to 5 weeks). However, piglets in LP+EC 100 group had a significantly higher gain/feed ratio (G:F) than piglets had in control (p<0.05). Crude protein, energy and phosphorus digestibilities were significantly improved when both of phytase and enzyme complex were supplemented at the revel of 0.1%, respectively to diets with low nutrient level (aP or (and) ME and amino acids) (p<0.05). Piglets in LP+EC 100 and LPEA+EC 100 groups showed significantly higher phosphorus content (%) in bone than that of piglets in control group (p<0.05). Supplementation of both of phytase and enzyme complex at 0.1%, respectively, to diet with low nutrient levels (aP or (and) ME and amino acids) significantly improved total ileal essential amino acid and nonessential amino acid digestibilities compared to control group (p<0.05). In conclusion, the results from the present study suggest that the simultaneous inclusion of phytase and enzyme complex to diets at recommended level is advantageous with respect to improving growth performance and nutrient digestibility of weaned pigs and may contribute to increased economic return when added to corn-soy based weaned pig diets.