• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.19-24
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• 2020

[Purpose] Although physical activity is required to prevent or ameliorate osteoporosis, medicine prescription should precede it, since it may be limited in severe osteoporosis patients. Furthermore, osteoporosis has a great effect on physical activity disorders that accompany fractures and pain, and therefore, research on treatment or prevention to decrease the number of patients is required. The purpose of this study was to discover candidate substances from natural products with an effective pharmacological action and to prepare basic data to help patients. [Methods] To prepare the osteoporosis model, ovariectomy (OVX) was performed using surgical methods. The prepared prescription [Shinkiwhan (SKH), a Korean medicine] was administered orally at a dose of 210 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks. After completion of the animal experiment, the bone mineral density (BMD) was analyzed using double-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The analysis of the effect of drugs on bones was performed using histological analysis and immunostaining. [Results] SKH increased the BMD in the OVX rats. Furthermore, SKH significantly increased the expression of osteoprotegerin and downregulated receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand and phosphorylation of c-jun N-terminal kinases in the bones of the OVX model. [Conclusion] Our findings suggest a protective effect of SKH against BMD loss in the OVX model.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.435-446
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• 2022

The present study evaluated the anti-cancer activity of histone deacetylase (HDAC)-inhibiting CKD-581 in multiple myeloma (MM) and its pharmacological mechanisms. CKD-581 potently inhibited a broad spectrum of HDAC isozymes. It concentration-dependently inhibited proliferation of hematologic cancer cells including MM (MM.1S and RPMI8226) and T cell lymphoma (HH and MJ). It increased the expression of the dishevelled binding antagonist of β-catenin 3 (DACT3) in T cell lymphoma and MM cells, and decreased the expression of c-Myc and β-catenin in MM cells. Additionally, it enhanced phosphorylated p53, p21, cleaved caspase-3 and the subG1 population, and reversely, downregulated cyclin D1, CDK4 and the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family. Finally, administration of CKD-581 exerted a significant anti-cancer activity in MM.1S-implanted xenografts. Overall, CKD-581 shows anticancer activity via inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in hematologic malignancies. This finding is evidence of the therapeutic potential and rationale of CKD-581 for treatment of MM.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.118-122
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• 2022

Although total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) has increased considerably in the past ten years, reflecting improvements in implant design and survivorship, the clinical outcomes have been less satisfactory than total hip or total knee arthroplasties. Several issues under debate include postoperative management and rehabilitation in TAA. Especially, there is no consensus or evidence for the most appropriate postoperative management and rehabilitation for patients undergoing TAA. This study was therefore undertaken to suggest appropriate postoperative management and rehabilitation in TAA, after reviewing published articles and focusing on the following topics: prehabilitation, hospital stay, immobilization type and duration, weight-bearing management, pharmacological treatment, and adopted rehabilitation protocols. In previous studies, the postoperative management and rehabilitation proposed depended on the surgeon's preference, the patient's characteristics, and the associated surgical procedures performed after TAA. Nonetheless, our research indicates the best approach is to include a prehabilitation program, immobilization in the early postoperative stage (2~4 weeks), range of motion exercise with partial weight-bearing ambulation, followed by full weight-bearing ambulation after six weeks. Further studies are required to develop a standardized rehabilitation protocol and improve the overall quality of care after TAA.

• CELLMED
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.11.1-11.5
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• 2022

Bell's Palsy is one of the most common mononeuropathies or disorders affecting a single nerve and is associated with facial nerve weakness and paralysis. Though self-limiting the disorder may leave its long-lasting residual manifestations in the form of abnormal facial symmetry, inability to close the eyes, and other poor outcomes leading to disability and impairment in societal functioning among patients. Treatment strategies include pharmacological, surgical, and therapeutic options and to limit the long-term devastating effects therapeutic options play a vital role. Physiotherapeutic techniques have been widely used among patients with Bell's Palsy but not all techniques are performed in combination. One is compared with the other and also for short durations. We planned this study to see the outcome of combined techniques available in Physiotherapy on a patient with long-term follow-up. This is a case of 38 years old male patient diagnosed with right-sided bell palsy who received 7 weeks of rehabilitation in the form of electrotherapy, facial exercises, facial PNF, massage, and education on eye care. The implementation of 7 weeks of physiotherapeutic rehabilitation led to improved facial functions and a reduction in the level of disability in the patient.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2023

Autophagy is a process of eliminating damaged or unnecessary proteins and organelles, thereby maintaining intracellular homeostasis. Deregulation of autophagy is associated with several diseases including cancer. Contradictory dual roles of autophagy have been well established in cancer. Cytoprotective mechanism of autophagy has been extensively investigated for overcoming resistance to cancer therapies including radiotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. Selective autophagy inhibitors that directly target autophagic process have been developed for cancer treatment. Efficacies of autophagy inhibitors have been tested in various pre-clinical cancer animal models. Combination therapies of autophagy inhibitors with chemotherapeutics are being evaluated in clinal trials. In this review, we will focus on genetical and pharmacological perturbations of autophagy-related proteins in different steps of autophagic process and their therapeutic benefits. We will also summarize combination therapies of autophagy inhibitors with chemotherapies and their outcomes in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Understanding of current knowledge of development, progress, and application of cytoprotective autophagy inhibitors in combination therapies will open new possibilities for overcoming drug resistance and improving clinical outcomes.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2023

Objectives: Murraya paniculata (family-Rutaceae), popularly known as orange jasmine, is the most important evergreen plant. The Rutaceae family is economically significant due to its diverse edible fruits and essential oils. Methods: Murraya paniculata extracts (MPE) of leaf have been shown to include phenolic compounds, highly oxygenated flavonoids, flavanones, sesquiterpenoids, polymethoxy glycosides, and coumarins. Cyclocitral, methyl salicylate, trans-nerolidol, cubenol, isogermacrene, -cadinol, and cubeb-11-ene are all abundant in MPE. The usages of various parts of this plant, such as bark, leaves and flower, as a remedy for a variety of ailments as widely recorded in the traditional literature. The plant has anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, antibacterial, anti-implantation, anti-oxidative, cytotoxic, anti-diarrheal, antidepressant and anti-anxiety properties and many others. Results: The goal of the review is to reignite interest in this potential plant, encouraging researchers to continue their research in order to uncover novel therapeutic compounds for the treatment and management of a range of infections. The current review provided a comprehensive overview of this traditional unique plant. Conclusion: The review paves a way for exploring its active chemical elements with substantial pharmacological values further for potential benefits of mankind.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.174-183
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• 2023

Various skin diseases are occurring due to external factors such as urbanization and increase in environmental pollution and wearing masks due to COVID-19. Accordingly, various functional cosmetics are being released, but as some side effects are reported, research on functional cosmetics materials using natural plants is necessary. Therefore, in this study, the antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of Phyllanthus emblica, Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens), and Commiphora myrrha mixed extracts (PGC) that pharmacological efficacy has been verified were analyzed and their potential as functional cosmetics raw materials was examined. Four extracts (PGC-1~4) were prepared according to the extraction method. ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity experiments were conducted for the antioxidant efficacy of the extracts. In addition, paper disc experiments and LPS inflammation-inducing cytokine experiments were conducted to examine the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, a cell viability test was performed to confirm cytotoxicity. As results of the study, all extracts showed antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects without cytotoxicity, and in particular, PGC-4, a fermentation and ultrasonic extract, showed the best efficacy. This means that the extraction yield of useful components varies depending on the extraction method.

• Clinical Pain
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.36-39
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• 2019

Chronic postoperative inguinal pain (CPIP) is a major complication after inguinal herniorrhaphy. We report the treatment of CPIP using ultrasonography-combined with nerve stimulator for injection of the genitofemoral nerve (GFN). A 59-year-old man underwent laparoscopic herniorrhaphy and presented with numbness from the inguinal region to the scrotum after operation. In the pain clinic, ultrasonography-guided GFN block and pharmacological treatments had little effect. Six month after operation, patient was referred to the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and ultrasonography-combined with nerve stimulator for GFN injection underwent to enhance the accuracy of neural approach. The induction of scrotal contraction and paresthesia on the GFN distribution was monitored by nerve stimulator and local anesthetic was injected. After the block, pain relief lasted for 6 months without analgesic use. Ultrasonography-combined with nerve stimulator is an effective approach to treat CPIP as it enhances precise localization and injection of small peripheral nerve like GFN.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.254-254
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• 2022

Astragalus membranaceus (A. membranaceus) has traditionally been used as a medicinal plant in East Asia for the treatment ofvarious diseases. A. membranaceus belongs to the legume family and is known to be rich in substances such as flavonoids and saponins. Recent pharmacological studies of A. membranaceus have shown that the plant has immunomodulatory, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, knowledge of major biosynthetic pathways in A. membranaceu is still lacking. Recently developed sequencing techniques enable high-quality transcriptome analysis in plants, which is recognized as an important part in elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of many plant secondary metabolic pathways. However, it is difficult to predict the number of transcripts because plant transcripts contain a large number of isoforms due to alternative splicing events, which can vary depending on the assembly platform used. In this study, we constructed three unigene sets using Pac-Bio isoform sequencing, Trinity and rnaSPAdes assembly for detailed transcriptome analysis mA. membranaceus. Furthermore, all genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway were searched from three unigene sets, and structural comparisons and expression profiles between these genes were analyzed. The isoflavone synthesis was active in most tissues. Flavonol synthesis was mainly active in leaves and flowers, and anthocyanin synthesis was specific in flowers. Gene structural analysis revealed structural differences in the flavonoid-related genes derived from the three unigene sets. This study suggests the need for the application of multiple unigene sets for the analysis of key biosynthetic pathways in plants.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.90-98
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• 2023

The human eye, constantly exposed to solar radiation, can be damaged by UV radiation. In particular, ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced damage plays an important role in retinal degeneration and cell aging. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of the methanol extract of Oxya chinensis sinuosa (OCM), an edible insect known for its high protein content (64.2%), and various pharmacological effects, on human retinal pigment epithelial cells. ARPE-19 cells were treated with OCM and subsequently UVB irradiated. Our results showed that OCM effectively attenuates UVB-induced cell damage by reducing MAPK phosphorylation (JNK and p38 MAPK). Additionally, OCM increased the phosphorylation of Akt, and cell cycle regulators, including p21 and p27, in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, OCM treatment increased ARPE-19 cell proliferation by activating the S6K1/S6 pathway. This study suggests that OCM prevents UVB-induced retinal cell damage by increasing cell proliferation via ROS reduction, suggesting its potential as a functional therapeutic superfood against retinal cell damage.