• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.1065-1071
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• 2021

This study seeks to analyze the impact, and provides more empirical evidence on the effect, of the responsible accounting model combined with scorecards on the organizational performance of pharmaceutical companies. The research methodology uses questionnaires survey distributed to pharmaceutical companies. Quantitative research was done with SPSS 25 software. After excluding invalid questionnaires due to many blank boxes, 306 questionnaires could be used by the author. Research results show that seven elements of the responsible accounting model combined with the balance scorecard all positively affect the organizational performance of enterprises in the pharmaceutical industry including: (1) dividing organizational structure into centers of responsibility according to strategy; (2) assigning management to management according to vision; (3) allocating costs and revenue; (4) making budget estimates according to balanced scorecard (BSC); (5) evaluating estimates with reality by BSC; (6) making BSC analysis reports; and (7) rewarding based on BSC. Cost allocation and revenue are the factors that have the strongest impact on the organizational efficiency of pharmaceutical enterprises. Based on the research results, the author has proposed recommendations to improve the good application of the responsible accounting model combined with the balance scorecard, thereby contributing to improving the organizational efficiency of pharmaceutical enterprises.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권9호
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• pp.329-340
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• 2020

This study investigates the effect of capital structure on the financial performance of pharmaceutical enterprises which are listing on Vietnam's stock market. The study builds the regression using ROE as dependent variable and four independent variables, including self-financing, financial leverage, long-term asset and debt to assets ratios. In addition, we use other variables as controlling ones, such as firm size, fixed asset rate and growth. We collect data for the period from 2015 to 2019 of all 30 pharmaceutical enterprises which are currently listing on Vietnam's stock market. The least square regression (OLS) is used to test the effect of capital structure to the firms' financial performance. The analysis results show that the financial leverage ratio (LR), long-term asset ratio (LAR) and debt-to-assets ratio (DR) have positive relationship with firm performance, meanwhile the self-financing (E/C) affects negatively to the return on equity (ROE). Upon the findings we suggest that the Vietnamese government should focus on stabilizing macro environment to create favorable environment for enterprises. And the pharmaceutical enterprises should build more reasonable capital structure with higher debt proportion than equity, diversifying loan mobilization channels such as issuing long-term bonds. Additionally, the firms should expand the scale appropriately to maintain development and ability to pay debts.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제17권31호
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• pp.125-139
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• 1994

The purpose of this paper is to study the problems to be solved in the marketing strategy aspect by domestic pharmaceutical industry under the competitive market circumstances with multinational pharmaceutic enterprises. The major concern has been paid to the key ideas and practical methods to be needed in strengthening the competitive marketing power of domestic pharmaceutical industry against multinational pharmaceutical enterprises. In this article, the researcher is to analyze the current situations and problems of domestic pharmaceutical industry and finally the researcher is to provide the major ideas concerning the problems to be solved in the marketing strategy aspect by domestic pharmaceutical industries.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권8호
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• pp.109-121
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• 2022

The study empirically examines the horizontal spillover effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the productivity of Indian pharmaceutical firms. Robust least squares and the Generalized Method of Moments estimators are applied for the firm-level panel data of Indian pharmaceutical companies whose shares were traded on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). The information was collected from the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) Prowess database from 2015 to 2019. Based on the regularity in data availability, the sample firms are limited to 112 companies, 100 of which are domestic firms and 12 international firms. Firms with more than 10 percent foreign equity are classified as FDI firms, while those with less than that are classified as domestic firms. Estimation results show that foreign ownership does not contribute to the productivity of domestic firms. Due to increased competition, the Indian pharmaceutical companies with foreign equity participation are not more productive than local ones. Moreover, the findings reveal a negative and insignificant horizontal spillover effect from FDI on the productivity of domestic enterprises. The absence of horizontal spillovers may be attributable to foreign enterprises' ability to prevent technological outflow to competitors in the same industry.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.671-683
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• 2011

교통 및 통신의 기술적 발달은 기업에게 입지적 자유를 증가시켰고 이는 기업 조직의 공간 변화를 통해 더 큰 이윤을 창출할 수 있게끔 하였다. 기업의 공간조직은 기능별로 최적의 장소로 가려고 하며, 이로 인하여 기업 기능에 적합한 공간에서는 오히려 집적이 심화되는 현상을 보인다. 본 연구는"분산적 집중"현상에 대하여 그 실재를 검증하고자 바이오산업 중 제약기업을 사례로 하여 이들의 기능별 분절과 분산 입지의 경향, 그리고 분산된 기업 기능의 공간적 집적에 대하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과 기업 공간 조직의 분산 과정은 생산 규모가 확대되고 연구 기능이 고도화 될수록 분리되어 최종적으로 3개의 부문이 각각 분산 입지하는 것으로 나타났다. 기능의 공간적 집중 분석 결과, 본사는 서울에 집중되어 있으며 생산기능의 대부분은 경기도에, 연구개발 기능은 소수의 집적지로 집중하는 패턴을 보이고 있어 제약기업을 대상으로 했을 때 기업 기능의 분산적 집중 입지는 실제로 나타나고 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2020

Purpose: This paper addresses issues that concern business-to-business marketing, namely informational justice in the supply chain or organizations. As previously reported by other studies, there is information asymmetry in organizations. The present study explores and addresses this in the medical industry, aiming to investigate how informational justice relates to information quality or logistics performance in the medical industry. This study also suggests a method for development of informational justice in medicine-related fields. Design, methodology, approach: The hypothesis and model were developed through a review of the literature. To this end, we surveyed 293 valid survey samples collected from occupational pharmacists and used structural equation modelling for analysis. Findings: The results of the empirical analysis of the hypotheses showed that symmetric sharing of information between pharmacists and employees of pharmaceutical companies has a positive effect on the perceived quality. Moreover, the results showed that quality information has a positive impact on logistics performance, whereas informational justice does not. Conclusions, implications: If information and explanations are exchanged fairly, information and logistics performance-as well as operational expenses-will be enhanced. Furthermore, our study has immense implications outside of academic applications since it suggests practical solutions to government and medical industry employees.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.322-334
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• 2012

본 연구는 기업 내 서비스신뢰, 직무몰입, 고객서비스행동, 경영성과 간의 관계를 검증함으로써 종업원의 기업에 대한 신뢰가 어떻게 경영성과에 영향을 미치는가를 확인하고 설명하는데 있다. 본 조사의 설문은 국내 주요 제약사의 판매원으로부터 자료를 수집하였으며, AMOS 18.0을 이용하여 구조방정식모형분석으로 제기된 연구가설을 검증하였다. 분석결과, 기업 내 서비스신뢰는 직무몰입과 경영성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미친 반면, 고객서비스행동에는 부정적인 영향을 주었다. 그리고 고객서비스행동은 경영성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 기업 내 서비스신뢰는 경영성과에 직접적인 영향을 주었고, 또한 직무몰입과 고객서비스행동을 통해 유의한 영향을 주었다. 결론적으로 정리하면, 종업원이 자신이 속한 조직에서 직무에 헌신할 때 고객에 대한 서비스행동이 높아지며 경영성과도 성취될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서 판매를 통한 높은 수준의 경영성과를 성취하기 위해서는 종업원의 직무에 대한 몰입을 강화해야 할 것이다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2014

This research investigates the characteristics, principles, advantages, factors and problems of cluster development in Kazakhstan, and identifies the prerequisites, conditions and stages of organizing clusters on the framework of special economic zones. In this research, we used methods, which will allow analyzing of the organization industrial clusters in special economic zones in Kazakhstan. The author studied international experience of cluster development and the efficiency of the use of the model of the "rhombus effect" with account the specific features of interaction between the participants of the cluster, analysis of the legal framework for the formation and development of clusters. These have been identified as the more important or strategically necessary clusters in Kazakhstan: innovation-technological cluster, innovation-education cluster, innovation-petrochemical cluster, innovative-metallurgical cluster, transport and logistics cluster, textile industry cluster, tourism cluster, agro cluster, construction cluster, medical and pharmaceutical cluster. Firstly, the results suggest that the interaction of science, education, business and government in the development and implementation of innovation policy is not sufficiently structured to provide a balanced representation of the interests of the range of various innovative enterprises in Kazakhstan. Secondly, the legal basis of cluster development in Kazakhstan is determined. Need to develop mechanisms for the implementation of promising direction. Thirdly, the clusters can be formed in the existing special economic zones, allowing them to get right to the mass production of high-tech products that are developed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.1519-1528
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• 2017

Foodborne contamination and salmonellosis caused by Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) are a significant threat to human health and poultry enterprises. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are naturally secreted by gram-negative bacteria, could be a good vaccine option because they have many biologically active substances, including lipopolysaccharides (LPS), outer membrane proteins (OMPs), and phospholipids, as well as periplasmic components. In the present study, we purified OMVs derived from S. Enteritidis and analyzed their characteristics through silver staining and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In total, 108 proteins were identified in S. Enteritidis OMVs through liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis, and OMPs, periplasmic proteins, and extracellular proteins (49.9% of total proteins) were found to be enriched in the OMVs compared with bacterial cells. Furthermore, native OMVs used in immunizations by either the intranasal route or the intraperitoneal route could elicit significant humoral and mucosal immune responses and provide strong protective efficiency against a lethal dose (~100-fold $LD_{50}$) of the wild-type S. Enteritidis infection. These results indicated that S. Enteritidis OMVs might be an ideal vaccine strategy for preventing S. Enteritidis diseases.