• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.175-177
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• 2014

This is the first report describing the seasonal conditions affecting shoot regeneration by the chrysanthemum cv. Baeksun. The shoot regeneration from petal explants was found to be more favorable from September to December, reaching the highest values in December. In addition, the quality of the shoots was also influenced according to the season of the explant collection, where healthy and uniform plants were derived from the explants collected in December. Choosing the proper season for explant collection affected the successive plant growth parameters (i.e., plant height and fresh weight). Thus, the current results strongly suggest that season plays an important role in plant tissue culturing, which is an essential tool for micropropagation and Agro-bacterium-mediated genetic transformation studies.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.94-100
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• 2013

An efficient plant regeneration protocol is developed for a standard-type chrysanthemum. When petal segments derived from flower buds (4 or 8cm in diameter) were used as the culture material, the highest shoot regeneration frequency (96%) was obtained on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IAA, 2 mg/L BA, 3% sucrose, and a 0.8% agar. Pre-culturing the explants under dark conditions for 14 days produced better results for the shoot regeneration frequency than the explants cultured under a continuous 16 h photoperiod ($40{\mu}molm^{-2}s^{-1}$). The shoot regeneration frequency ranged from 19.0% for the Shinmato cultivar to 89.1% for the Baeksun cultivar. Activated charcoal (0.2%) enhanced the root formation of the regenerated shoots in a hormone-free MS medium. The rooted plantlets were acclimatized and successfully established in a greenhouse.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.259-274
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• 2017

Platycodon grandiflorum (Bell flower) is an important plant that has traditionally been used as herbal medicine for the treatment of cough, phlegm, sore throats, lung abscesses, chest pains, dysuria, and dysentery. The present study was initiated to investigate the feasibility of inducing shoot and root organogenesis in cultured explants of P. grandiflorum in a range of culture media and through use of various plant growth regulators (PGRs). The plantlets (Stem containing one node) were isolated and cultured on different concentrations of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with PGRs. We found that proliferation and elongation of shoots and roots could be achieved on 1/4 MS for P. grandiflorum with wild and green petals and on 1/8 MS for P. grandiflorum with double petals. The highest levels of development and elongation of adventitious shoots and roots were observed when petal explants were cultured on 1/4 MS (pH 3.8) supplemented with 5% sucrose. Increasing the agar concentration reduced shoot growth and rooting potential; nevertheless, the highest number of shoots and roots was observed on 0.6% agar. In the case of growth regulators, 1/4 MS supplemented with $1mg\;L^{-1}$ 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) was found to be best for shooting, although higher concentrations of BA tended to reduce shoot and root elongation. The highest number of shoots was achieved on $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ thidiazuron (TDZ) from double petal explants grown on 1/8 MS. However, root and shoot elongation were found to decrease when TDZ concentrations were increased. Low concentrations of kinetin, naphthalene acetic acid, indole acetic acid, and 3-indole butyric acid induced shoot and root proliferation and elongation. Taken together, our study showed that low concentrations of PGRs induced the greatest root formation and elongation, showing that the optimal concentration of PGRs for shoot proliferation was species-dependent.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.427-431
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• 2006

In vitro high-frequency plant regeneration of Muscari comosum var. plumosum through somatic embryogenesis was obtained via two developmental pathways: direct embryos and multiple shoots regenerated from embryogenic callus. Flower bud with pedicel, receptacle, petal and ovary wall, floral stalk and leaf as explants were cultured in MS medium supplemented with various plant growth regulators. Embryos formed directly from pedicel, receptacle and floral stalk. Depending on explant sources, the optimal medium was MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/L IBA and 0.3 mg/L BA, 3.0 mg/L IBA and 3.0 mg/L BA, and MS-free medium for pedicel, receptacle, and floral stalk, respectively. Multiple shoots regenerated from embryogenic cal]i which was initiated from petal, ovary and leaf were observed in MS medium with different concentrations and combinations of hormone. The most suitable medium for each type of explant was 3.0 mg/L IBA and 3.0 mg/L BA(petal and ovary) and 5.0 mg/L IBA and 5.0 mg/L BA (leaf) Furthermore, the combination of 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/L BA was also good for all sources of explants not only for direct embryo formation, but also, for embryogenic callus induction.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.370-375
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• 2015

This experiment compared the regeneration conditions of the radiation mutant spray chrysanthemum 'purple ND'. The four different flower blooming stages (S1: 10% opened flower, S2: 30% opened flower, S3: 50% opened flower, and S4: 70% opened flower) and different petal parts (TBOP: the basal of petal and TEOP: the end of petal) were used to compare regeneration conditions between plants grown in MS medium supplemented with IAA and BAP. The highest adventitious shooting rate was identified in plants grown on the IAA $1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and BAP $2.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ when using the end of petal at the S2 stage. It displayed 79.2% regeneration and produced 33.4 shoots. Rooted plantlets were successfully established in the greenhouse, showing the same morphological characteristics of vegetative and reproductive organs with those of the mother plant. Flow cytometry analysis revealed no ploidy variation between the regenerated plants and the mother plant grown under greenhouse conditions.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.652-658
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• 2022

This study was conducted to induce somatic embryogenic callus (SEC) derived from petals in rose. The petal explants of 3 cultivars ('Ice Wing', 'Orange Eye' and 'Pink Beauty') with different flower colors were placed on three types media (MS, SH and WPM) supplemented with 11 mg/L 2,4-D, respectively, and then cultured in the dark for 47 days. Calluses were formed at explants of all three cultivars. Also, 'Ice Wing', which were cultured in the SH as the basal medium, showed the highest callus formation rate. However, somatic embryos were generated from only petal-derived callus of 'Ice Wing', which were induced on the WPM as the basal medium, transferred it to SH basal medium supplemented with 3 mg/L 2,4-D, and 300 mg/L L-proline, and cultured for 5 weeks. The SEC has been proliferated every four weeks at the subculture interval. In addition, as a results of making a comparison of expression of RhSERK3 and RhSERK4, which is used as signal for generation of somatic embryo from callus in rose, between the SEC and petal-derived callus from 'Ice Wing' by RT-qPCR, the former showed 10 times higher RhSERK3 expression and 700 times higher RhSERK4 expression than the latter.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.359-365
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• 2013

Chrysanthemum is one of the most popular ornamental plants worldwide. Recently, lots of new and novel chrysanthemum varieties have been developed using mutagenesis. However, there was no study for comparison of tissue culture condition among the mutant varieties derived from one original variety, until now. This study was conducted to compare the efficient regeneration condition of the two chrysanthemum mutant varieties, 'ARTI-purple' and 'ARTI-queen'. Two different flower parts (disk and ray florets) at the unopened and early blooming stages were used for comparison of regeneration condition on MS medium supplemented with combinations of three growth regulators (BA, NAA, and IAA). The highest regeneration rate was identified on the NAA and BA combination when the disk florets at unopened blooming stage are used. The best optimum combinations of growth regulators were identified as NAA $1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and BA $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ at 'ARTI-purple', which displayed 47.9% regeneration. However, regeneration of 'ARTI-queen' was the highest as 25.6% at NAA $2.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and BA $1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. There results indicate that there is a difference for the optimum regeneration condition between the mutant varieties derived from one original variety. These results will be useful for construction of efficient regeneration system of diverse chrysanthemum mutants developed by mutation breeding.