• 농약과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2006

인삼에 대한 합리적인 농약잔류허용기준 개정을 위한 과학적 자료인 인삼 가공단계별 농약 감소계수 산출을 위하여 본 연구를 실시하였다. 인삼 재배 시에 사용 등록된 농약 3종(azoxystrobin, fenhexamid, cyprodinil)을 인삼포에 직접 살포하여 수확한 수삼을 건삼과 인삼농축액으로 직접 제조하고 각 제품 중 농약 잔류량과 수분을 보정한 농약절대량으로 감소계수(dry basis)를 산출하였다. Azoxystrobin, fenhexamid, cyprodinil의 감소계수(dry basis)는 건삼에서 0.73, 0.96, 0.24 인삼농축액에서 3.23, 5.74, 1.20이였다. Fenhexamid를 제외한 나머지 농약들은 가공과정 중 분해되어 잔류량이 감소하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.471-476
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• 2000

Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization interface (LC/APCI/MS) is evaluated for the simultaneous determination of carbamate pesticides and organophosphorus pesticides in a single chromatographic analysis. APCI mass spectra of those compounds were obtrained to study their ionization characteristics. APCI provided abundant ions such as protonated molecules and characteristic fragment ions for carbamate pesticides and organophosphorus pesticides. To evaluate the feasibility of the LC/APCI/MS for a routine quantitative analysis, the linearity and repeatability of LC/APCI/MS were examined by measuring standard solution mixtures of five carbamate pesticides and four organophosphorus pesticides over the range of 1 to 100 ㎍/mL. Teh peak areas in chromatograms of characteristic ions for those compounds showed less than 3% of variation from run to run. The standard calibration curves for the nine pesticides show good linearity in the concentration range. The detection limits of the LC/APCI/MS system for those compounds range from 0.006 to 0.2 ng.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2005

우리나라의 식품중 농약잔류허용기준 설정은 GAP에 의한 과학적인 자료, 농약 1일 섭취허용량(ADI), 식품섭취량, 평균체중 등을 기본으로 하여 설정된다. 농약잔류허용기준은 일반적으로 이론적인 농약섭취량(TMDI)은 ADI보다 낮게 설정된다. 연구결과를 보면, 104개 기준이 24개 농약에 대하여 새롭게 설정되며, 102개 기준이 이미 기준이 설정된 63개 농약에 추가 설정된다. 신규 농약중에 ethaboxam과 flupyra-zofos 농약의 유효성분은 우리나라에서 처음으로 개발되었다. 디치오카바메이트계 농약의 잔류허용기준은 디메칠디치오카바메이트(Dimethyldithiocarbamates), 에칠렌비스디치오카바메이트[Ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate)s] 및 프로피네브(Propineb) 3개 그룹으로 분류하여 신설하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.340-360
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• 1982

Because of the continuing rapid increase in pesticide usage in Taiwan, much attention has been focus on pesticide contamination of food and effect of pesticides on human and environmental health. The Plant Protection Center (PPC) conducts safety evaluation of pesticides usee! in Taiwan. The pesticides are classified into different groups based on their acute toxicities. Pesticides which are classified into extremely toxic group are not allow to used on short term crops or the continuously harvest crops. The acute toxicity of pesticides to the beneficial insects are also studied, special attention has been paid to the two predators of rice brown planthopper. 60% of cultivated land in Taiwan are paddy field; therefore, acute fish toxicity was taken into consideration when a pesticide was applied for registration to be used in the paddy. Fish toxicities were evaluated by the dangerous rating value which is the amount of pesticide residue in the field water over the TLM value. Mutagenicity of pesticides was continuously evaluated by using Arne's microbial testing method. Island wide survey of residual levels of pesticides of known pollutants such as chlorinated hydrocarbon . insecticides, mercurial compounds in soil, water and biological samples were carried out constantly. The potential of a new1y Imported esticides to pollute the environment were studied by using model ecosystem. Ecological magnification (EM) of a chemical was calculated from model ecosystem. A chemical was considered as a pollutant when its EM value over 5000. In order to ensure the levels of pesticides residue of the crop within the safety limit. The 'tolerance' of pesticides on different crop groupings were established base on 1) acceptable daily intake value of individual pesticides, 2) average daily consumption of each crop groupings by Chinese person, 3) Actual residues of pesticides. on different crops obtained from supervised trials. Total about 79 pesticides for which the tolerances have been established on different crop groupings. Because the intensive agricultural system was adopted in Taiwan. The phytotoxicity of pesticides to the non-target crops was therefore become one of the important factor in the safety evaluation of pesticide usage. These will include 1) direct injury, 2) injury caused by pesticide polluted irrigation water, 3) injury caused by the pesticide polluted soil, 4) reduction of growth caused by the effect of pesticide on the soil microorganisms. This paper will reviewed all the aspects mentioned in the previous .paragraphs. Most the works have done in Taiwan by the PPC.y the PPC.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.156-164
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• 2018

Pesticide application in agriculture provides significant benefits such as protection from disease, prevention of harmful insects, and increased crop yields. However, accurate toxicological tests and risk assessments are necessary because of many related adverse effects associated with pesticide use. In this review, we discuss and analyze residual pesticides contained in livestock feed in Korea. A pesticide residue tolerance standard for livestock feed has not been precisely established; so, risk assessments are required to ensure safety. Standards and approaches for animal criteria and appropriate methods for evaluating residual pesticides are discussed and analyzed based on technology related to animal product safety in Korea. The safety of livestock feed containing pesticides is assessed to establish maximum residue limits relative to pesticides. Analysis of residual pesticides in milk, muscle, brain, and fat was performed with a livestock residue test and safety evaluation of the detected pesticide was performed. Efficacy of organic solvent extraction and clean-up of feed was verified, and suitability of the instrument was examined to establish if they are effective, rapid, and safe. This review discussed extensively how pesticide residue tolerance in livestock feed and hazard evaluation may be applied in future studies.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.159-168
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• 2014

Pesticides have provided significant benefits including plant disease control and increased crop yields since people developed and utilized them. However, pesticide use is associated with many adverse effects, which necessitate precise toxicological tests and risk assessment. Most of these methods are based on animal studies, but considerations of animal welfare and ethics require the development of alternative methods for the evaluation of pesticide toxicity. Although the usage of laboratory animals is inevitable in scientific evaluation and alternative approaches have limitations in the whole coverage, continuous effort is necessary to minimize animal use and to develop reliable alternative tests for pesticide evaluation. This review discusses alternative approaches for pesticide toxicity tests and hazard evaluation that have been used in peer-reviewed reports and could be applied in future studies based on the critical animal research principles of reduction, replacement, and refinement.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2014

본 연구는 국내 유통 농산물의 잔류농약 실태를 조사파악하고, 위해평가 등의 안전성 평가를 수행한 후 정부차원에서의 식품 위생/안전 정책 수립의 과학적 근거를 마련하고자 수행되었다. 시료 수거는 인구 백만 이상의 전국 9개 지역(서울, 부산, 인천, 대구, 대전, 광주, 울산, 창원 및 수원)을 선정한 후, 다소비 식품 중 대표적인 농산물 15품목(쌀, 감자, 대두, 사과, 배, 오렌지, 복숭아, 딸기, 바나나, 수박, 토마토, 오이, 애호박, 깻잎 및 무)을 선별하여 총 232건의 농산물을 수거하였다. 대상 농약은 단성분 분석으로 가능한 생장조정제 3종(dichlorprop, ethychlozate 및 6-benzylaminopurine) 및 다종다성분 분석 농약 280종, 총 283종을 선정하여 잔류농약 모니터링을 수행하였다. 분석 대상 농약들은 모니터링에 앞서 분석법을 개선하고 분석검체를 대표할 수 있는 농산물에 적용하여 국제적 기준인 CODEX 분석법 가이드라인에 준하여 분석법 검증을 수행한 후, 잔류농약 모니터링 분석법으로 사용하였다. 또한 모니터링에서 검출된 잔류농약을 대상으로 1일 섭취허용량(acceptable daily intake, ADI) 대비 1일 추정섭취량(estimated daily intake, EDI) 값으로 위해 평가를 수행하였다. 잔류농약 모니터링을 수행한 결과, 수거된 농산물 총 232건 중 163건(70.3%)에서는 농약이 검출되지 않았으며, 69건(29.7%)에서 잔류농약이 검출되었다. 검출된 농약 중 2건은 MRL을 초과하여 0.9%의 부적합률을 나타내었다. MRL을 초과한 잔류농약은 깻잎에서 검출된 chlorpyrifos와 복숭아에서 검출된 picoxystrobin이었으며, 부적합으로 나타난 chlorpyrifos 및 picoxystrobin을 포함한 검출 농약 33종에 대해 위해평가를 수행한 결과, ADI 대비 EDI는 0.00087~0.902%의 범위를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 검출된 모든 농약은 위해도가 매우 낮은 것으로 판단됐으며, 유통되는 농산물은 잔류농약 측면에서 안전한 수준임을 확인하였다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.207-215
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• 2015

Nanotechnology, which has become an important area of science, has caused an enormous developmental revolution in many fields. In the last two decades researchers have focused on overcoming the obstacles encountered during the preparation of nanoparticles. This article highlights the nanotechnology, along with a brief description of the manufacturing, concepts and activities of nanoparticles as alternative pesticides against plant pathogens, some methods for evaluation of nanoparticles against phytopathogens in vitro and in vivo, and explains the importance of some common nanoparticle types used in agricultural applications and plant pathology.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.114-117
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• 2005

대표적 8개 유기인계 농약에 대한 tap water 세척의 제거효과인 $-1.25\~13.27\%$에 비해 powder CaO와 liquid CaO 세척은 각각 $5.16\~17.61,\;8.7\~41.59\%$로 매우 높은 농약제거 효과를 보였다. 조개껍질을 연소시켜 얻은 천연 CaO는 잔류농약 세척제로 사용하기에 적합하다고 사료되며,특히 액체가 가루에 비해 농약제거제로 더욱 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 가루제품 역시 tap water로 세척 한 것에 비해서는 다소 높은 제거율을 보여 세척제로서의 사용이 가능한 것으로 판단된다. 이에 CaO등을 활용한 천연물 세척제가 조속히 실용화되어 국민의 안전한 식탁을 지키는데 활용되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.214-221
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• 2020

BACKGROUND: The demand for pesticide registration has kept increasing for minor crop cultivation in greenhouse since Positive List System (PLS) has been launched. Thus, much study on the evaluation of pesticide residues in minor crops is required to examine the demand. In this study, we evaluated residues of acetamiprid, boscalid, imidacloprid and pyraclostrobin in the minor crop mustard green to provide the potential data for their registration. METHODS AND RESULTS: Pesticide granule formulations of acetamiprid, boscalid, imidacloprid and pyraclostrobin were incorporated into soil and applied onto field soil surface at rates of 3 kg/10a, 6 kg/10a, 3 kg/10a and 6 kg/10a, respectively. The pesticides were also applied at the two times higher than the rates to compare the residues between the application rates. Mustard green seeds were sown 1 day after pesticide application and cultivated under greenhouse conditions. LC/MS/MS analyses coupled with a modified QuEChERs method were employed for determination of the pesticides in plant samples. The method limits of quantitation (LOQ) of the pesticides were 0.01 mg/kg, and the matrix calibration curves of the pesticides showed linearity with coefficient values of determination (r²) greater than 0.995. The average recovery values of the pesticides fortified in control samples at rates of LOQ and 10LOQ ranged from approximately 77.5% to 101.2% with relative standard deviation values lower than 14%. The pesticides in the mustard green samples cultivated for 53 days after sown were determined to be lower than the LOQ level. CONCLUSION: Acetamiprid, boscalid, imidacloprid and pyraclostrobin were found at a level lower than 0.01 mg/kg in the minor crop mustard green. Thus, their residues in mustard green would not violate PLS under greenhouse conditions.