• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.74-82
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• 2019

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate clinical and neuropsychological factors associated with treatment response and adverse events of atomoxetine in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Korea. Methods: Children with ADHD were recruited at the Department of Psychiatry of Asan Medical Center from April 2015 to April 2018. Diagnoses of ADHD and comorbid psychiatric disorders were confirmed with the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version. The subjects were subsequently treated with atomoxetine for 12 weeks and illness severity was scored using the ADHD Rating Scale, Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale (CGI-S) and/or Improvement scale (CGI-I), at pre- and post-treatment. They also completed the Advanced Test of Attention (ATA), while their caregivers completed the Korean Personality Rating Scale for Children (KPRC) at pre- and post-treatment. Independent t-test, Fisher's exact test, ${\chi}^2$ test, mixed between-within analysis of variance and correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results: Sixty-five children with ADHD (mean age: $7.9{\pm}1.4years$, 57 boys) were enrolled, of which, 33 (50.8%) were treatment responders. Scores on the social dysfunction subscale of the KPRC (p=0.021) and commission errors on the visual ATA (p=0.036) at baseline were higher in treatment non-responders than in responders; however, the statistical significances disappeared after adjusting for multiple comparisons. Mood changes were also observed in 13 subjects (20.0%), and three of them discontinued atomoxetine due to this. Additionally, atomoxetine-emergent mood change was observed more frequently in girls (p=0.006), while the intelligence quotient (p=0.040) was higher in those subjects with mood changes than in those without. Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that clinical and neuropsychological factors could be associated with treatment response or adverse events of atomoxetine in children with ADHD. Further long-term studies with larger samples are needed.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.18-26
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• 2013

연구목적 D형 인격(Type D personality)은 본래 심장 질환의 예후와 관련되는 성격 인자에 관한 연구에서 처음 제안되었고 이후 연구들에서는 다양한 내과적 질환들에서 D형 인격이 관련된다는 것을 보고하였다. 본 연구에서는 우울증 환자의 신체화 증상과 D형 인격의 관련성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 우울 장애로 진단 받은 82명의 환자를 대상으로 D형 인격척도인 DS-14(Type D personality scale 14)를 사용하여 D형 인격 여부를 조사하였다. PHQ-9, PHQ-15(환자 건강 설문지, Patient health questionnaire-9,15)를 사용하여 우울증의 심각도와 신체화 경향에 대하여 평가하였고, TAS-20(한국판 토론토 감정표현불능증 척도, The Korean version of 20-item Toronto alexithymia scale)으로 감정표현불능증의 정도를 측정하였다. Student t-test와 선형 회귀분석을 시행하였고, 단계적(stepwise) 변수 추출을 통해 가장 설명력이 높은 모형을 선정하여 신체 증상에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하였다. 결 과 전체 대상자의 절반 이상(56%)이 PHQ-15에서 중증의 신체 증상을 호소하였고, 63.4%가 D형 인격으로 판정되었다. D형 인격군은 대조군에 비하여 PHQ-15 점수가 유의하게 높았다(PHQ-15 mean=12.7, $p=8.2{\times}10^{-7}$). 회귀 분석에서 최종적으로 선정된 모형은 연령, PHQ-9, 그리고 DS-14의 하위영역인 NA가 포함된 모형이었으며, 이들 중 연령($p=1.5{\times}10^{-3}$)과 NA($p=1.5{\times}10^{-7}$)가 신체 증상에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 변인으로 분석되었다. 결 론 본 연구 결과는 D형 인격이 우울증 환자의 신체 증상 호소의 강력한 예측 인자임을 시사한다. 특히 사회적 억제 성향보다 부정적 정서 성향이 신체화 경향과 더 관련성이 깊었다는 결과는 기존의 신체화에 대한 이해, 즉 부정적 정서를 표현해내는 능력이 결여된 경우 이를 신체 증상으로 표출한다는 설명과는 다소 차이가 있는 것으로 보인다. 감정표현불능증이 유의한 예측인자가 아닌 것으로 나타났다는 결과 또한 이러한 차이와 관련된다. 그러나 사회적 억제 성향과 부정적 정서 성향(r=0.65), 감정표현불능증(r=0.44) 간에는 높은 상관 관계를 보였기 때문에 이를 고려한 대규모 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.170-175
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• 2014

Objective : The aims of this study was to evaluate relationship between body dissatisfaction, personality characteristic, and stress in young adults. Methods : One hundred and ninety five young, healthy, and normal participants filled out all 3 types of self-reported questionnaire, the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination-Self Report (Korean version of BDDE-SR ; K-BDDE-SR), Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and Stress Scale of Korean version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (K-DASS-21). Results : Out of the 195 participants, 30% (n=59) was male and 70% (n=136) was female. There was no statistical difference between high K-BDDE-SR group (K-BDDE-SR score 75 percentile or higher, n=50) and low K-BDDE-SR group (K-BDDE-SR score below than 75 percentile, n=145) in terms of weight, height, and BMI. In high K-BDDE-SR group, neuroticism was significantly higher than low K-BDDE-SR group, and extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness were significantly lower than low K-BDDE-SR group. Also, level of stress in high K-BDDE-SR group was significantly higher than low K-BDDE-SR group. Conclusion : Our study revealed that individual's with more body dissatisfaction were more neurotic and stressful. Thus, body dissatisfaction and diverse psychiatric diseases should be considered in treating neurotic and stressful young adults.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.147-154
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 공황장애 환자에 대한 인지행동치료의 효과에 영향을 미치는 환자 특성을 확인하기 위하여 다면적 인성검사를 사용하여 환자의 특성을 측정하고 이들 환자 특성 중 어떤 변인이 치료결과를 예측하는데 도움이 되는지를 알아보았다. 31명의 공황장애 환자를 대상으로 11주의 공황장애 인지행동치료 프로그램을 실시하였고, 치료전에 다면적 인성검사를 실시하였으며, 치료 전 후에 Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory의 상태 불안 질문지(STAI-State), Agoraphobic Cognition Questionniaire(ACQ), Body Sensation Questionnaire(BSQ)의 질문지와 환자의 자기보고 등 5가지를 실시하여 치료 성과의 지표로 사용하였다. 최종상태 기능 (End-State Functioning) 에 따라 치료 결과가 좋은 집단(상위 최종상태 집단)과 치료 결과가 나쁜 집단(하위 최종상태 집단)을 구분하여 두 집단의 특성용 비교 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 다면적 인성검사의 건강염려증 척도(Hs), 우울증 척도(D), 히스테리 척도(Hy), 강박증 척도(Pt), 정신분열증 척도(Sc), 그리고 타당도 척도인 F 척도에서 하위 최종상태 집단이 상위 최종상태 집단에 비해 유의미하게 높은 점수를 보였다. 하지만 이러한 차이는 치료 효과에 영향을 미치는 환자 변인이라고 하기보다는 단순히 환자가 가진 증상의 심한 정도를 반영하는 것으로 보인다. 2) 치료 전에 실시한 다섯 가지 평가 지표에서 기본적으로 하위 최종상태 집단이 상위 최종상태 집단보다 증상의 정도가 심했지만, 두 집단 모두 치료를 통하여 비슷한 수준의 치료적 변화를 보인 결과는 1)의 해석을 지지해준다. 이상의 결과를 종합할 때, 다면적 인성검사는 인지행동 치료 결과에 영향을 미치는 환자의 특성을 파악하는데는 효과적이지 못한 방법으로 생각되며, 추후 연구에서는 보다 직접적으로 성격 특성을 측정할 수 있는 방법을 사용하여 환자 변인을 찾아 볼 필요가 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.92-100
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)-related symptom severity, level of functional impairment and personality profiles between full-blown PTSD, partial PTSD and non-PTSD groups among 59 adolescent survivals from the Incheon fire disaster. Method : Using Short Screening Scale for DSM-IV PTSD, victims of the disaster were assigned to a full-blown PTSD group (n=18), a partial PTSD (n=22), or a non-PTSD group (n=19). Assessments included the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Impact of Event Scales (IES), the McBride's Degree of General Labor Loss, and the Korean Version of Temperament and Character Inventory (K-TCI). Results : Significantly severe PTSD symptoms (F=4.832, df=2, p<.05) and functional impairment (F=12.144, df=2, p<.01) were demonstrated by PTSD groups as compared to the non-PTSD group. Interestingly, full and partial PTSD did not differ in these comparisons. Similarly, the subtypes of PTSD did not differ with respect to personality profiles using the K-TCI ; however, personality profiles were sharply differentiated between the PTSD and non-PTSD group. Conclusion : Although high subject homogeneity and small sample size may limit the results of this study, the present results highlight the possibility of the underestimation as well as the insufficient, treatment and compensation of partial vs full PTSD.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.197-211
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to introduce the progress of treatment and improve clinical use after conducting Mentalizing the Rooms of Mind, the main technique of Mindfulness & Loving Beingness psychotherapy, for a patient with panic disorder. Methods: We conducted a Mentalizing the Rooms of Mind for 10 sessions on an age 23 female diagnosed with panic disorder based on the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. After receiving consent from the subject, through chart review, the progress of treatment was observed focusing on the MMPI-2 and CSEI-s (The Core Seven Emotions Inventory-short form) conducted pre- and post-treatment. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital (WMCSB202007-55). Results: 1. The MMPI-2 clinical scales of an age 23 female with panic disorder showed a 7 (Pt)-1 (Hs)-3 (Hy) profile pre-treatment, but for post-treatment, the scale showed 1 (Hs)-3 (Hy) profile, and the 7 (Pt) scale showed significant decline. In the MMPI-2 reconstructed clinical scales, RC7 (Dysfunctional Negative Emotions) and RC8 (Aberrant Experiences) showed significant decline. 2. In the pre- and post-treatment MMPI-2 content scales, Anxiety, Fears, Obsessiveness, Social Discomfort, and Work Interference scores decreased, showing overall positive stability. On the MMPI-2 supplementary scales, the Anxiety and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder scores decreased, and the Ego Strength increased, resulting in improved overall psychological adaptation. 3. Pre- and post-treatment of an age 23 female with panic disorder, CSEI-s showed significant decline of 恐, 驚, 悲, and 思. So it seems that the emotions caused by Chiljeongsang (七情傷) were more stable than before treatment. Conclusions: As shown above, the treatment of panic disorder through Mentalizing the Rooms of Mind, a major technique of Mindfulness & Loving Beingness psychotherapy, showed positive changes in MMPI-2 as well as improvement of the subjective symptoms. Thus, Mentalizing the Rooms of Mind has high clinical use, and it seems that it is necessary to create a manual for this in the future.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.20-31
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• 2005

Objectives:This study was designed to investigate the characteristics of personality changes and emotional distress using the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) in patients with traumatic brain injury(TBI), divided into mild (MTBI) and severe (STBI) groups according to the severity of injury. Methods:The subjects were consisted of 25 patients with MTBI, 25 patients with STBI, and 25 normal controls. They were interviewed with the PAI. The data were analyzed by ${\chi}^2$ test, analysis of variance and Tukey test. Results:The results were the followings. First, Negative Impression in validity scales was elevated above cutoff point(T score 70) in both MTBI and STBI groups. Second, the clinical scales of which scores elevated above the cutoff point were Somatic Complaints, Anxiety, Anxiety-Related Disorders, Depression, and Schizophrenia in the MTBI, and Somatic Complaints and Depression in the STBI. Third, the clinical subscales above the cutoff point were Conversion, Somatization, Health Concerns, Affective Anxiety, Physiological Anxiety, Traumatic Stress, Cognitive Depression, Affective Depression, Physiological Depression, Thought Disorder, and Affective Instability in the MTBI, and Health Concerns, Cognitive Depression, Affective Depression, and Physiological Depression in the STBI. Fourth, Suicide Ideation in treatment scales was the only scale above the cutoff point in the MTBI and the others of the treatment and interpersonal scales in the MTBI and all of these scales of the STBI were not elevated above the cutoff point. Fifth, the scales of which scores showed significant difference between the MTBI and the STBI were Somatic Complaints, Anxiety, Depression, and Suicide Ideation, the subscales were Conversion, Somatization, Health Concerns, Affective Anxiety, Physiological Anxiety, Physiological Depression, and Psychotic Experiences. Conclusion:These results suggest that the patients with MTBI had more somatic and anxiety symptoms, depressed mood, and suicidal ideation than the patients with STBI. These characteristics are generally consistent with clinical observation and findings from previous studies of the patients with TBI, and the PAI seems to be a beneficial adjunctive assessment tool for the evaluation of patients with traumatic brain injury.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.229-237
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influencing factors of interpersonal relationship in nursing college students for effective learning ability and teaching strategy. Method: In order to get the data by self-questionnaire, 166 subjects were selected. The instruments for this study were Preceptual Orientation Scale, Self-Efficacy Scale, Narcissistic Personality Disorder Scale, and Interpersonal Relationship Scale. The dada was analyzed by percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe' test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and Stepwise multiple regression using SPSS 12.0 program. Result: The main factors that affect interpersonal relationship were self-perception and social-efficacy. These variables were account for 37.9% of interpersonal relationship. The significant influencing factors on interpersonal relationship were self-perception, social-efficacy. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop a strategy to get positive perceptual orientation and successful interpersonal relationship for nursing college students by further studies with small group program for the best result.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate the association between the symptoms of boys with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the attention-deficit hyperactivity symptoms, temperament and character patterns of their parents. Methods : Forty-five boys with ADHD and who met the DSM-IV criteria were evaluated by using the ADHD rating scale (ADHD-RS), and their parents completed the Korean Adult ADHD scale (K-AADHDS) and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Results : The parental K-AADHDS scores were not associated with the ADHD-RS total score and the subscale scores of their siblings. The most potent variable related to the ADHD-RS total score was the maternal self-directedness, and the second was the maternal persistence. The maternal self-directedness was the variable that was most correlated with the hyperactivity/impulsivity subscale scores of the ADHD-RS. Conclusion : The results suggest that the paternal ADHD symptoms may not be related to the ADHD symptoms of boys with ADHD. Higher maternal self-directedness and persistence may decrease overall the ADHD symptoms of these boys, and higher maternal self-directedness itself may predict lower hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms of the boys with ADHD.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.63-76
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to verify the clinical effects of herbal medicines on patients with depressive disorder. Methods: A prospective observational study on patients with depressive disorder was conducted. The patients were treated with herbal medicines for eight weeks. The Korean Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (K-HDRS) was evaluated as the primary outcome and the Korean Beck's Depression Inventory (K-BDI), Instrument on Pattern Identification for Depression, Korean Symptom Checklist-95 (KSCL-95), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Korean State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-K), Korean State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI-K), EuroQol five-dimensional Questionnaire (EQ-5D), Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2), Heart Rate Variability (HRV) were measured as the secondary outcome. Adverse events were assessed for safety. Results: A total of 35 participants were observed for 12 weeks. The K-HDRS improved significantly in four, eight, and 12 weeks and the K-BDI showed significant differences in four, and eight weeks. There were no significant improvements in other evaluation scales. Gyejibongnyeong-hwan was the most frequently and continuously prescribed, showing significant improvements of K-HDRS after eight weeks of treatment. Conclusions: In our observational study, herbal medicine was effective for relieving the depression of patients with depressive disorder and Gyejibongnyeong-hwan showed the most significant effectiveness.