• 공학교육연구
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2017

The purpose of this research is to analyze the educational experiences of competent engineering students and finding the reason why they invest their time and efforts engaging in school activities. Five students with high GPA, high K-CESA scores and successful employment or entrance test scores, participated in the survey and the interview. In checking their responses, their activities' records were gathered from school DB. According to the modified framework based on the personal investment theory, the interviews, survey and DB records were analyzed on the sense of self, the social cultural environment, and pattern of behaviors in schools. The competent engineering students are able to manage themselves, in maintaining a good relationship with the collegiate, and in having high self-efficiency. They also tend to put effort into their studies and participate in inbound and outbound school activities. At the last part, freshmen foundation, relationship within college, students' activity related future career, economic stability during studies are suggested for supporting students in universities.

• Journal of East Asia Management
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-27
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• 2020

Military experience has a great impact on a soldier ability to handle risks. Therefore, when those soldiers become managers, they may behave differently in making risky corporate decisions, especially in activities like the R&D investment. However, studies on how military experience affect R&D have been largely missing in the largest emerging economy, i.e. China, despite that the country hires a higher percentage of military managers than the US. In addition, it remains a question whether military managers affect the state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in China, as many of the corporate decisions are made by the government. This paper tries to address these questions. The imprinting theory and the upper echelon theory suggest that managers' personal experience can affect their behaviour, which in turn influences their corporate decisions. In this paper, we examine whether managers with military experience lead to higher R&D investment and whether such an effect exists in state-owned enterprises. Based on a sample of listed firms in China's A-share market over 2008-2017, we make two findings. First, companies with military managers have high R&D investment. By dividing managers' military positions into high and low rank, we find that companies tend to have higher (lower) R&D investment if their managers hold a high-rank (low-rank) position. Second, the effect of high-rank military managers on R&D investment is more pronounced if the manager is also the founder and the company is a non-state-owned enterprise. For low-ranking military managers, a stronger effect on R&D investment is also observed if they are also the founder, but whether their companies are state-owned or not has no impact on R&D investment. This study identifies managers' military experience as a contributing factors to corporate R&D investment in the largest emerging economy. This paper tests an implication of the imprinting theory and the upper echelon theory, i.e., managers' personal experience can affect their behaviour, which in turn influences their corporate decisions. Specifically, we focus on one aspect of personal experience - military experience - and look at whether it is beneficial to firms' technological innovation, therefore enriches the literature of managerial heterogeneity. Our findings on the influence of managers' military experience on firms' technological innovation can help us better understand the role of managers play in corporate decision making, and how managers' individual traits interact with the firm's characteristics.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.115-133
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of research is to explore the factors influencing the intention to adopt altcoin investments, based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. Through this, it seeks to elucidate the key factors impacting altcoin investment adoption, and provide a comprehensive understanding of the crypto-currency market and investor behavior. Methods: This study analyzed factors affecting altcoin investment intentions using frequency and descriptive analyses, and verified socio-demographic differences with t-tests and ANOVA. Exploratory factor and correlation analyses were conducted for research tool validity and relationship assessment among variables. Hypotheses were tested through regression analysis, integrating control, independent, and moderating variables, along with interaction terms, to establish the model and examine moderating effects. Results: As a result, it is revealed that higher age and experience in crypto-currency investment are associated with intention to invest. Among the independent variables, performance expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and personal innovativeness have positive effects to investment intention to invest, while effort expectancy had a negative effect. The moderating variable, perceived risk, also negatively affected the intention to invest. Notably, significant moderating effects of perceived risk were observed in the relationships between investment intention and both performance expectancy and personal innovativeness. Conclusion: This study provides empirical verification into consumers' intentions to invest in altcoins, offering insights into investors' behavior and decision-making processes based on a practical understanding of altcoin investment acceptance.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제46권sup1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2013

A commitment to physical activity is necessary for personal health, and is a primary goal of physical activity practitioners. Effective practitioners rely on theory and research as a guide to best practices. Thus, sound theory, which is both practical and parsimonious, is a key to effective practice. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature in search of such a theory - one that applies to and explains commitment to physical activity in the form of sport and exercise for youths and adults. The Sport Commitment Model has been commonly used to study commitment to sport and has more recently been applied to the exercise context. In this paper, research using the Sport Commitment Model is reviewed relative to its utility in both the sport and exercise contexts. Through this process, the relevance of the Investment Model for study of physical activity commitment emerged, and a more parsimonious framework for studying of commitment to physical activity is suggested. Lastly, links between the models of commitment and individuals' participation motives in physical activity are suggested and practical implications forwarded.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.57-73
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the diffusion period and productivity of smartwork in an organization. Firms are increasingly interested in smartwork for non contact work and working from home because of the corona 19. The smartwork is a new technology that changes face-to-face work in an organization. It helps the work of individuals and organizations regardless of time and place. The theoretical background describes the complexity, system thinking, diffusion theory, smart work, organizational resistance, and productivity. This study analyzes the diffusion period and productivity of smart work through business simulation techniques. A simulation study progresses four stages. There are problem definition, hypothesis establishment and causal loop diagram, model construction and verification, and policy evaluation. The simulation models contain an individual's resistance variables organizational investment and leadership variables related to the operation of smartwork. The organizational investment variables include organizational culture, legal system, implement systems and technology investment. The individual resistance variables include cognitive, attitude, structure and technological resistance. The leadership includes leadership interest variables and performance linkage variables. The simulation executed the changes of a people number adopting smart work and the organizational productivity monthly. As a result of the simulation, many organization members have accepted the smart work innovation after 20 months. The organizational productivity through smart work showed very high value after 16 months. In scenario analysis, the individuals' awareness and attitude resistance showed very important variables to productivity and a personal change of smart work adoption. Meanwhile, The organizational investment showed that the high driving-force increased not productivity and the low driving-force showed decreased low productivity. Also, leadership variables showed a powerful driver for changing smart work productivity. The implication of the study has suggested extending complexity, diffusion theory and organization resistance theory based on simulation methods.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.53-68
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 직장인들이 금융투자상품 투자의사결정에 영향을 미치는 요인을 다양한 시각에서 살펴보고, 각 영향요인의 영향력이 어떠한지를 검증하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 투자행동에 미치는 선행요인들은 행동재무학에서 주장하는 심리적 요인인 개인투자성향 요인뿐만 아니라, 금융경제적 요인과 사회환경적 요인 등 다양한 요인들에 의해 결정된다고 가정하였다. 본 연구는 이러한 개인 투자자의 투자행동을 설명하기 위하여 Hershey(2007)의 투자자 행동모델을 이론적 분석의 틀로 사용하였으며, 개인투자성향 요인을 자기과신, 자기통제, 위험수용성향 등 심리적 요인들을 사용하였고, 금융경제적 요인으로 금융지식과 경제적 불안 그리고 사회환경적 요인으로 사회적 상호작용, 준거집단 영향 등 새로운 선행변인들을 추가하였다. 또한 투자상담서비스가 독립변인들과 종속 변인인 투자만족도 간의 영향력을 증가시켰는지의 조절효과를 분석하였다. 연구결과, 독립변인과 투자만족도와의 관계에서는 자기과신, 자기통제가 투자행동인 투자만족도에 정(+)적인 영향을 미쳤고, 경제적 불안은 투자만족도에 부(-)적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 조절효과는 투자상담서비스의 자기통제와 투자만족도 간에 영향력을 증가시키는 조절효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 직장인들은 금융투자상품의 투자행동을 할 때 심리적인 요인이 중요한 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었으며, 투자상담서비스는 직장인의 투자행동에서 제한적인 역할을 하고 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 투자자 입장에서는 건전하고 합리적인 의사결정을 할 수 있고 금융전문가의 도움을 받을 수 있도록 청소년기부터의 체계적인 투자자 교육이 필요하며, 금융회사는 투자상담서비스의 주체인 전문상담 인력에 대한 전문가 교육을 강화하고 직장인의 현실적 상황에 적합한 상품개발, 상담 프로그램 및 마케팅 등 금융상담서비스의 질적 개선이 필요하다는 시사점을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 동아시아경상학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2018

Purpose - to examine the theories related to the internationalization of multinational corporations as well as theories related to internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises. Research design, data, and methodology - traditional theories, e.g. eclectic paradigm and behavioral theory and product life cycle etc. were examined and recent advances theories - network theory, entrepreneurship - were also examined to outline the theory of internationalization of firm. Results - the main schools of international researches are divided into two; one is the economics school, the other is the behavioral school. The economics school has considered internationalization as a pattern of investment in foreign markets explained by rational economic analysis of internalization, ownership, and location advantages. Apart from the economics approach, a theory relevant to smaller firms highlights slow and incremental overseas market commitment. Recent research on the network perspective is fast emerging and it can be applied and well explained on the internationalization of smaller firms, focusing on firm behavior in the context of a network of interorganizational and inter-personal relationships Conclusions - Small medium-sized enterprises have been recently rising, however, there has still been little consolidation of literature in internationalization and most of the relevant theories have been still focusing on explaining the globalization of multinational corporations. Little studied on the internationalization in the context of smaller firms which are distinctly differentiated from larger firms including international new ventures, which the motivation to study strongly calls for more information and studied on small medium-sized enterprises.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.89-102
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to examine what are the important variables for information security compliance and whether the information security investment by the industry is different. To comply with the information security policies, the organization must establish measures to prevent or resolve information security incidents. This research process consists of four stages, and the analysis method was conducted with the categorical regression analysis and the correspondence analysis. The first analysis analyzed the independent variables that affect security regulations compliance. The rest of the analysis was conducted by industry in the order of security compliance regulations, manpower investment, and budget investment. As a result of the first analysis, this had positive effects on an organization and personal information protection awareness, joint operation organization of information protection, manpower and budget investment, corporate size, and industry. The correspondence analysis was conducted from the second analysis to the fourth analysis and it analyzed the differences in information security investment by industry. The second analysis showed that the construction industry, science and technology industry, and finance industry have higher compliance with security regulations than other industries. The third analysis showed that the financial industry and the science and technology industry were higher than other industries. The last analysis showed that the financial industry was higher than other industries. The theoretical contribution of this study provided the basis for updating the information security theory. The practical contribution of this study requires government support to reduce information security deviations by industry.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.93-110
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to explore business investment and operation of O2O (Online-To-Offline) combined service. The study will analyze the necessary factors for growing the business by dividing the O2O service by industry. The Online-to-Offline is a method of inducing purchases of products and services by connecting between online and offline This research methodology organized the four stages of the analysis process. The analysis of all stages was performed with association rules in big data techniques. It is divided into the start-up period, growth period, maturity period, and decline period, and analysis is conducted on the business investment, expenditure cost, business operation, and conflict factors. As the research result, the first analysis has shown commonality with government subsidies, bank loans, and personal funds in all industries. The second analysis showed a lot of expenditure on labor costs of internal employees, marketing/sales, facility facilities, equipment, and equipment purchase costs. The third analysis showed difficulty in raising the investment resources necessary for business operations in all industries. The last analysis showed conflicts in the industry, businesses license, legal systems, and small business owners in all industries. This study contributed to the abundance and diversity of research methodologies in management information systems using association rules. In addition, the description of organizational development theory was updated while explaining the business investment and operation of O2O combined services. In practical implication, the O2O services include environmental factors that cause convergence between industries. Accordingly, this is required for new O2O services through new laws and systems and reorganization of existing laws and regulations.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.53-77
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• 2012

Financial firms, especially large scaled firms such as KB bank, NH bank, Samsung Card, Hana SK Card, Hyundai Capital, Shinhan Card, etc. should be securely dealing with the personal financial information. Indeed, people have tended to believe that those big financial companies are relatively safer in terms of information security than typical small and medium sized firms in other industries. However, the recent incidents of personal information privacy invasion showed that this may not be true. Financial firms have increased the investment of information protection and security, and they are trying to prevent the information privacy invasion accidents by doing all the necessary efforts. This paper studies how effectively a financial firm will be able to avoid personal financial information privacy invasion that may be deliberately caused by internal staffs. Although there are several literatures relating to information security, to our knowledge, this is the first study to focus on the behavior of internal staffs. The big financial firms are doing variety of information security activities to protect personal information. This study is to confirm what types of such activities actually work well. The primary research model of this paper is based on Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) that describes the rational choice of human behavior. Also, a variety of activities to protect the personal information of financial firms, especially credit card companies with the most customer information, were modeled by the four-step process Security Action Cycle (SAC) that Straub and Welke (1998) claimed. Through this proposed conceptual research model, we study whether information security activities of each step could suppress personal information abuse. Also, by measuring the morality of internal staffs, we checked whether the act of information privacy invasion caused by internal staff is in fact a serious criminal behavior or just a kind of unethical behavior. In addition, we also checked whether there was the cognition difference of the moral level between internal staffs and the customers. Research subjects were customer call center operators in one of the big credit card company. We have used multiple regression analysis. Our results showed that the punishment of the remedy activities, among the firm's information security activities, had the most obvious effects of preventing the information abuse (or privacy invasion) by internal staff. Somewhat effective tools were the prevention activities that limited the physical accessibility of non-authorities to the system of customers' personal information database. Some examples of the prevention activities are to make the procedure of access rights complex and to enhance security instrument. We also found that 'the unnecessary information searches out of work' as the behavior of information abuse occurred frequently by internal staffs. They perceived these behaviors somewhat minor criminal or just unethical action rather than a serious criminal behavior. Also, there existed the big cognition difference of the moral level between internal staffs and the public (customers). Based on the findings of our research, we should expect that this paper help practically to prevent privacy invasion and to protect personal information properly by raising the effectiveness of information security activities of finance firms. Also, we expect that our suggestions can be utilized to effectively improve personnel management and to cope with internal security threats in the overall information security management system.