• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2017

The current study investigated whether Korean learners' English-learning environments, especially target English accent (General American English (GAE) vs. Southern British English (SBE)) and English-language experience affected their production of English vowels. Thirty six EFL learners, 27 ESL-US learners, and 33 ESL-UK learners produced 8 English vowels with a bVt frame (beat, bit, bet, bat, bought, bot, boat, boot). The learners' productions were acoustically analyzed in terms of F1 and F2 frequencies. The overall results revealed that the learners' target accent had an effect on their production of some English vowels. The EFL and ESL-US learners' (especially, female learners') production of bought, bot, boat, and boot, which show characteristic differences between the GAE and SBE accents, was closer to that of the native American English (AE) speakers than the native British English (BE) speakers. In contrast, the ESL-UK learners' production of bought and bot demonstrated the opposite pattern. Thus, the impact of target accent was not demonstrated across the board. The effect of the learners' different English-language experience was also rather limited. This was because the EFL learners' production was not much different from the ESL-US learners' production, in spite of the ESL-US learners' residence in the US for more than 9 years. Furthermore, the Korean learners, irrespective of their different English-language experience, tended to produce bit and bat with lower F1 than the native AE and BE speakers, thus resulting in bit and bat to be produced similarly to beat and bet, respectively. This demonstrates the learners' persistent L1 effects on their English vowel production despite the learners' residence in the English speaking countries or their high English proficiency.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.57-79
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• 2009

본 연구는 초등학교 4학년에서 6학년에 이르는 3개년에 걸쳐 종단적으로 관찰된 빈곤경험이 학업성취, 자아존중감, 우울 불안, 주의집중 문제, 공격성, 비행에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 아동의 빈곤경험을 지속빈곤, 일시빈곤, 비빈곤으로 나눠 발달산물을 비교한 결과, 학업성취에서 빈곤아동과 비빈곤아동 사이의 격차가 두드러지고 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 빈곤경험과 발달궤적의 관계를 분석한 결과, 학업성취에서는 비빈곤아동은 시간이 갈수록 성취수준이 향상되는 긍정적 변화방향을 보이나 빈곤아동은 성취수준이 낮아지는 부정적인 변화방향을 보였다. 또 주의집중 문제, 공격성, 비행의 발달궤적 변화에서는 빈곤아동은 비빈곤아동에 비해 다소 낮은 수준을 보였다. 아동의 개인적, 가족적 특성을 통제한 결과 빈곤의 영향은 학업성취에 대해서만 통계적으로 유의하였다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2020

Purpose: To identify the clinical usefulness of serum M protein and to establish a rationale for regular follow-up with serum protein electrophoresis in solitary plasmacytoma. Materials and Methods: Sixty-nine patients with solitary plasmacytoma and solitary plasmacytoma with minimal marrow involvement according to the International Myeloma Working Group criteria were retrospectively reviewed. Results: At a median follow-up of 6.2 years, 5-year local control (LC), 5-year multiple myeloma-free survival (MMFS), 5-year failure-free survival (FFS), and 5-year overall survival (OS) were 82.6%, 44.1%, 41.8%, and 85.1%, respectively. Among the patients whose initial serum M protein was present or not evaluated, 37.3% of patients showed disappearance of serum M protein after various treatment. MMFS of these patients were comparable to non-secretory plasmacytoma with undetectable levels of M protein, and significantly better than patients with persistent M protein. Increase of serum M protein ≥0.1 g/dL was most predictive of treatment failure with area under the curve of 0.731. Conclusion: Patients who eventually showed persistence of serum M protein after treatment showed worse MMFS and FFS compared to those whose serum M protein disappeared or who had initially non-secretory disease. The increase of serum M protein level ≥0.1 g/dL from current nadir was predictive of treatment failure. Therefore, regular follow-up with serum M protein is highly recommended especially unless the patient had initially non-secretory disease.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제34권6_2호
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• pp.1155-1163
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• 2018

최근 기후변화에 의한 극지의 변화 및 역할에 대해 많은 관심이 집중되고 있으며, 다양한 플랫폼을 이용한 연구들이 극지에서 진행되고 있다. 그 중 원격탐사를 이용한 북극 빙권 정보 모니터링은 여러 과학적 활동 중 가장 중요한 관측 역할을 수행하고 있다. 본 특별호는 극지연구소에서 수행 중인 극지 환경 변화 원격탐사 모니터링에 대한 여러 연구를 소개한다. 극지 원격탐사연구에 대한 대외적인 환경변화와 국내 극지 원격탐사의 현 주소 파악과 함께 극지원격탐사의 역할에 대한 정보 공유에 본 특별호가 기여하길 기대한다. 더불어 지속적인 극지원격탐사 분야 발굴 및 국가적인 지원을 이끌어 내기 위해 국내 원격탐사 전문가들의 노력을 기대한다.

• Journal of Gynecologic Oncology
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.93.1-93.11
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• 2018

The introduction of checkpoint inhibitors revolutionized immuno-oncology. The efficacy of traditional immunotherapeutics, like vaccines and immunostimulants was very limited due to persistent immune-escape strategies of cancer cells. Checkpoint inhibitors target these escape mechanisms and re-direct the immune system to anti-tumor toxicity. Phenomenal results have been reported in entities like melanoma, where no other therapy was able to demonstrate survival benefit, before the introduction of immunotherapeutics. The first experience in ovarian cancer (OC) was reported for nivolumab, a fully human anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) antibody, in 2015. While the data are extraordinary for a mono-immunotherapeutic agent and very promising, they do not match up to the revolutionary results in entities like melanoma. The key to exceptional treatment response in OC, could be the identification of the most immunogenic patients. We hypothyse that BRCA mutation could be a predictor of improved response in OC. The underlying DNA-repair-deficiancy should result in increased immunogenicity because of higher mutational load and more neoantigen presentation. This hypothesis was not tested to date and should be subject to future trials. The present article gives an overview of the immunologic background of checkpoint inhibition (CI). It presents current data on nivolumab and other checkpoint-inhibitors in solid tumors and OC specifically and depicts important topics in the management of this novel substance group, such as side effect control, diagnostic PD-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression assessment and management of pseudoprogression.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.375-386
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to summarize current clinical study trends and results regarding transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) treatment for xerostomia. Methods: Studies published from 2017 to 2022 were searched on domestic databases and PubMed. The included studies were analyzed according to the year, language, study design, diagnosis xerostomia method, and TENS treatment method. Results: Nine studies were included. There were three randomized controlled trials (RCTs), three case series, one case report, one case-control study, and one cross-sectional study. Conventional TENS was used in seven studies, and acupuncture-like TENS (ALTENS) was used in one study. The most common TENS attachment site was externally on the skin overlying the parotid gland region, and the setting of TENS was 50 Hz-250 μs the most. In all nine studies, TENS was effective for xerostomia as assessed by salivary flow rate or quality of life questionnaire. Additionally, no persistent adverse events were reported after TENS treatment. Conclusions: TENS treatment for xerostomia can be considered effective and safe, so it can be used in clinical practice.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.755-768
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• 2021

연구목적: 다양한 주제와 목적으로 연구가 진행되는 폭염 연구의 특성상 연구의 질적 향상과 고도화를 제고하기 위해서는 연구의 동향 및 발전 방향을 전망하는 것이 중요하다. 따라서, 폭염 연구의 현황과 앞으로 수행될 연구의 방향성을 제시할 수 있는 기초자료를 제공하고자 폭염 관련 연구의 동향과 추세를 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구방법: 2011년부터 2020년까지 한국연구재단에 등록된 학술지에 게재된 폭염 연구들을 대상으로 연구가 진행된 시기, 연구의 목적, 연구에 활용된 연구대상, 연구의 방법으로 분류하여 분석하였다. 연구결과: 주요 연구의 결과는 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 폭염에 대한 관심이 증가할수록 폭염 연구의 수도 증가하고 있다. 둘째, 폭염 연구의 목적은 편중되었으며, 다양한 관점으로 연구되어야 할 필요가 있다. 셋째, 다양한 연구대상을 활용하였으나 균등한 연구가 이루어지지 못하였다. 넷째, 연구목적의 영향을 받아 연구방법의 편중이 함께 나타났다. 결론: 폭염에 의한 피해는 지속적이고 광범위하게 나타나고 있다. 이러한 폭염을 재난으로서 관리하고, 예방 및 대응하기 위해서는 다양한 분야에서 균등한 연구가 이루어져야 한다.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.183-186
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• 2022

Anterior tibialis ruptures are a rare type of injury related to the foot and ankle. Specifically, chronic and non-traumatic ruptures are related to preexisting chronic tendinopathic conditions and anatomical factors. These ruptures may cause persistent pain and functional impairments if neglected. Chronic tibialis anterior ruptures are frequently diagnosed late because the symptoms are not distinct. In cases with chronic or non-traumatic tibialis anterior tendon ruptures, tendons often become irreparable. Hence, various surgical options have been introduced to address this issue. The current surgical treatment options are as follows: free sliding anterior tibialis graft, extensor hallucis longus tendon transfer, and reconstruction with an allograft tendon. To date, there have been few reports about the reconstruction technique using Z-plasty for irreparable tibialis anterior tendon ruptures. In this report, we present a rare case of the application of the tibialis anterior tendon reconstruction technique using Z-plasty and tenodesis for a middle-aged man with an irreparable avulsion injury rupture. We also present the management plan and prognostic outlook, as well as a subsequent review of the relevant literature.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.379-385
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• 2014

언제 어디서든 끊어짐이 없이 콘텐츠를 이용할 수 있는 클라우드 컴퓨팅(Cloud Computing)기술로 인해 본격적인 N스크린 시대가 열렸다. 이에 따라 방송업계에서는 방송 콘텐츠를 PC, 스마트폰, 태블릿, App, IPTV 등 다양한 미디어 기기로 서비스할 수 있는 환경이 마련됐다. 방송사 관점에서는 플랫폼의 유용성과 사용성을 높여주기 위해 디바이스별로 동일한 브랜드 아이덴티티가 유지될 필요가 있고, 이를 뉴미디어 구축에 적용할 수 있는 통합 스타일가이드의 필요성이 커졌다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 웹페이지에 국한되었던 웹 스타일 가이드를 넘어서, 이제 다양한 뉴미디어에서 브랜드 아이덴티티를 유지하기 위한 뉴미디어 스타일가이드의 필요성과 제작요소에 대해 연구한다. 세계 최고 수준의 공영 방송사이며 통합적인 미디어가이드가 제시되어 있는 BBC의 통합가이드(GEL)와 우리나라 대표 공영방송 KBS에서 제공되는 웹 스타일 가이드를 분석하고, 현재 웹 스타일 가이드의 한계점을 찾아 개선방향을 도출하고자 했다. 이를 위해 방송미디어업계 디자인분야의 전문가 심층인터뷰를 통해, 어떤 디자인 요소들을 중심으로 뉴미디어 스타일 가이드를 제작해야 하는가를 분석하고, 종합적인 뉴미디어 스타일 가이드 제작 블루프린트를 제안했다. 이 연구를 통해 우리나라 뉴미디어 방송채널 KBS의 통합적인 브랜드 아이덴티티의 현주소를 파악하고, 미래지향적인 뉴미디어 플랫폼 발전방향을 모색한다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.251-258
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• 2019

Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) is characterized by persistent airflow limitations associated with chronic inflammatory response due to noxious particles or gases in the lung. Inflammation and oxidative stress are associated with COPD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship among inflammation, oxidative stress, and airflow limitation severity in retired miners with COPD. Methods: The levels of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hsCRP) as a biomarker for inflammation, degree of reactive oxygen metabolites(dROMs) and biological antioxidants potential(BAP) in plasma as biomarkers for oxidative stress were measured in 211 male subjects with COPD. Degree of airflow limitation severity as determined by spirometry was divided into three grades grouped according to the classification of the Global Initiatives for Obstructive Lung Disease(GOLD)(1, mild; 2, moderate; $3{\leq}$, severe or more) using a fixed ratio, post- bronchodilator $FEV_1/FVC$ < 0.7. Results: Mean levels of dROMs significantly increased in relation to airflow limitation severity(GOLD 1, 317.8 U.CARR vs. GOLD 2, 320.3 U.CARR vs. GOLD $3{\leq}$, 350.9 U.CARR, p=0.047) and dROMs levels were correlated with serum hsCRP levels(r=0.514, p<0.001). Mean levels of hsCRP were higher in current smokers(non-smoker, 1.47 mg/L vs. smoker, 2.34 mg/L, p=0.006), and tended to increase with degree of airflow limitation severity(p=0.071). Mean levels of BAP were lower in current smokers(non-smoker, $1873{\mu}mol/L$ vs. smoker, $1754{\mu}mol/L$, p=0.006). Conclusions: These results suggest that inflammation and oxidative stress are related to airflow limitation severity in retired miners with COPD, and there was a correlation between inflammation and oxidative stress.