• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.99-111
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• 1992

Permissive action of thyroid hormone at the level of Ca channel and responsible mechanisms underlying thyroid hormone-induced change in myocardial contractile state and $T_3-induced$ arrhythmias were investigated in rabbit ventricular or atrial myocytes using whole cell patch clamp technique. Single cells were isolated by Langendorff perfusion with collagenase. Cardiac myocytes were incubated in $low-Cl^-,$, $high-K^+$ medium containing $1_{\mu}M\;L-triiodothyronine\;(T_3)$ at $4^{\circ}C$ for 2.10 hours. The calcium currrent $(I_{Ca})$ was increased in $T_3$ loaded cells, however, the shape of current voltage curve and reverse potential did not altered. Cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, isoprenaline and 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine increased $I_{Ca}$ in euthyroid and hyperthyroid conditions, and acetylcholine blocked the increase of $I_{Ca}\;in\;T_3$ loaded cells. The amplitude of $I_{Ca}$ was much larger after perfusing cGMP than cGMP in both conditions, whereas the degree of increase of $I_{Ca}$ was greater after perfusing cAMP than cGMP in $T_3$ loaded cells. The degree of increase of $I_{Ca}$ after perfusing isoprenaline or IBMX also was greater in $T_3$ loaded cells than in control cells. Background current induced by isoprenaline also increased in $T_3$ loaded cells. The Ca release dependent inward current was increased in amplitude but its activation and inactivation time course was not changed in $T_3$ loaded cells. Activation of Na pump current was not changed in $T_3$ loaded cells. From the above results it is suggested that thyroid hormone induced increase in the contractile state of cardiac myocytes are accompanied by augmented $I_{Ca}$ and the increase of Ca release from sarcoplasmic reticulum and the permissive action of thyroid hormone to catecholamines could induce arrhythmias through the increase of $I_{Ca}$ and background current.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.78-86
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• 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between parenting styles and childhood dental caries using a sample of 3 to 6 years old children in Korea. The subjects were 158 children aged 3 to 6 years old and their parents in Korea. The parenting styles were divided into three groups (authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive) using a translated version of the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ). Among the 353 parents/child dyads, 158 questionnaires were returned. Authoritative parenting style was the majority (95.6%), followed by authoritarian (3.8%), and permissive (0.6%). There were no statistically significant differences between dental caries and parenting styles. The mean of dft index in authoritative group was lower than others. In the authoritative domain, the higher the authoritative tendency, the lower the dft index. Overall, authoritative parenting styles resulted in low rates of dental caries for the children. The stronger the authoritative tendency of the parents, the lower the experience of dental caries in the children. Therefore, parenting styles were likely to affect the oral health of a child, but it seemed necessary to supplement the evaluation tool to evaluate the parenting styles.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.19-47
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to investigate the high school teachers' sexual knowledge, attitude and their need of sex education for the students in Seoul. These data were collected by questionnaire in Oct. 1989. The result was compared by the type of teacher (school health nurse and high school teacher), involving in sex education or not, age, marital status and religion. The major findings of this study were as follows: 1. The mean score of sexual knowledge of the school health nurses was higher than the high school teachers. (P<0.05) (the average correct answer rate:the school health nurses=80.85%, the high school teachers=62.65%)Female teachers who were involved in sex education got higher score than the male high school teachers and female teachers who were not. (P<0.05) The married female high school teachers got higher score than never-married. (p<0.05) 2. About the sexual attitudes, the respondents were asked in the Likert's four-point scale with 3 groups of questions that were anatomical and physiological terminology about sex, normal sexual life and immoral sexual life. About anatomical and physiological terminology about sex, they had a little positive feeling. (mean score= 2.62) The school health nurses and the male high school teachers had more positive feeling than the female. (P< 0.05) Also the aged and married male high school teachers had more positive feeling than others. (P<0.05) About normal sexual life, they had a little positive feeling and moderately permissive attitude. (feeling mean score=2.96, attitude mean score=3.23) The school health nurses and the male high school teachers had more positive feeling than the female. (P<0.05) And the male high school teachers had more permissive attitude than the female. (P<0.05) About immoral sexual life, they had strongly negative feeling and conservative attitude. (feeling mean score =3.49, attitude mean score=3.35) The school health nurses the female high school teachers had more negative feeling and conservative attitude than the male. (P<0.05) And the male protestant high school teachers had more conservative attitude than no-religion group. (P<0.05) 3. There was a weak correlation between sexual knowledge and attitude. 4. There was no significant difference about starting of sex education between the school health nurses and the high school teachers. (P>0.05) Generally, they answered that the starting of sex education about physical growth and development could bp given with the students' physical growth and development. But for the sex education about emotional and social development, they answered that the education should be given later than the emotional and social development of students. 62.1% of the school health nurses did sex education and 36.5% of the high school teachers did. The common contents of sex education were intersexual-fellowship(date), venereal disease and marriage. And the education about abnormal sex-behavior. divorce and sexual intercourse was given rarely.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.337-345
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• 2020

This study analyzed the longitudinal trajectories of father's depression and the changes of relevant parenting practice in fathers' as well as the problematic behaviors and school adaptation of their children. To address these goals, the data from 1,172 samples from the 4th to 8th Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS) was analyzed. The results of this study indicated that the fathers' depressive levels are classified into three latent groups: 1) the high-changing group, 2) the middle-low changing group, and 3) the low-low changing group. The results also revealed that the fathers within the low-low changing group practiced more authoritative but permissive parenting than the fathers in the two other groups. Children from high-changing group showed more problematic behaviors than the children of the two other groups. In addition, the children from the low-low changing group reported higher school adjustment such as academic achievements, and relationships with peers and teachers. Based on these findings, the study discusses the implications for social work practice and further studies.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.2 s.82
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• pp.211-217
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• 2007

The goal of this study is to investigate effects of temperature and co-chaperonin requirement for in vitro protein refolding assisted by E. coli chaperone GroEL under permissive and nonpermissive temperature conditions. In vitro protein refolding of two denatured proteins was kinetically investigated under several conditions in the presence of GroEL. Effects of temperature and GroES-requirement on the process of prevention of protein aggregation and refolding of denatured protein were extensively monitored. We have found that E. coli GroEL chaperone system along with ATP is required for invitro refolding of unfolded polypeptide under nonpermissive temperature of $37^{\circ}C$. However, under permissive condition spontaneous refolding can occur due to lower temperature, which can competes with chaperone-mediated protein refolding via GroEL chaperone system. Thus, GroEL seemed to divert spontaneous refolding pathway of unfolded polypeptide toward chaperone-assisted refolding pathway, which is more efficient protein refolding pathway.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 1993

Since the 'promoter/enhancer region of the major immediate early (IE) ~ene of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) contains the cyclic AMP (cAMP) response element (CRE) consensus sequence, it was reasonable to hypothesize that cAMP might affect HCMV replication. Cyclic AMP modulating drugs such as 8-bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (BrA), and papaverine were used to affect the intracellular levels of cAMP, and the effects of the drugs on HCMV replication were studied. While papaverine effectively inhibited HCMV multiplication and DNA synthesis, BrA exerted little effect on the production of infectious HCMV yields. The synthesis of DNA in HCMV-infected cells appeared to be stimulated by BrA In order to understand the effect of cAMP on the expression of HCMV major IE gene, plasmid (pCMVIE/CAT) containing a reporter gene driven by HCMV IE promoter was transfected into either permissive human embryo lung (HEL) cells or nonpermissive cells. PL,Javerine, which has been reported to block the HCMV-induced increase in cAMP, reduced the expression of pCMVIE/CA T in permissive HEL cells. Treatment of transfected cells with BrA increased the expression of HCMV major IE promoter not only in HEL cells, but also in nonpermissive HeLa and Vero cells. Therefore, it seems that the expression of HCMV major IE gene is regulated by cAMP.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.116-136
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• 2009

Since there are differences in the content, structure and functions of interpersonal communication during the practice of school science classes, it needs to articulate the difference of the modality of pedagogical practice in order to understand science teaching in detail. These characteristics of science teaching can be investigated by further insightful analysis on language in the science classroom. In this study, classroom discourse language codes using Bernstein's code theory were analyzed in the case of a middle school science class on the unit of minerals. The discourse language code was identified by the value of classification, which revealed power relations to the contexts of discourse and participants of discourse. It was also identified by the value of framing, which showed hierarchical relation between teacher and students as discourse subjects, and discursive control on the initiative of discourse. The results addressed that six types of discourse language codes were constructed and that those language codes reflected diverse modalities of science teaching from student-centered instruction to teacher-centered instruction in relation to classroom discourse. The modality of science teaching according to the transition tendencies of discourse language code showed dynamic variations of 'controlled student-centeredness inducing teaching' - 'positional student-centeredness permissive teaching' - 'controlled students' participation permissive teaching' - 'controlled student-centeredness facilitative teaching' - 'student-centeredness enhancing teaching'. In addition, results released that discursively and hierarchically weak control of discourse is necessary for enhancing student-centeredness of science teaching. Moreover, teaching practice enhancing student-centeredness can be accomplished by the harmony of a teacher's perception of discourse language code and his/her orientation to constructivist teaching and student-centered teaching.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.33-48
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effects of emotional regulation abilities on the relationship between parenting behavior and preschoolers' externalizing behavior problems. Methods: A survey was conducted with the parents of 166 preschoolers; the children were attending seven different daycare centers in Seoul. Results: The results were as follows: First, emotional regulation abilities fully mediated the relationship between fathers' rejection-restriction parenting behavior and externalizing behavior problems. Second, emotional regulation abilities fully mediated the relationship between mothers' warmth-acceptance, rejection-restriction, and permissive-neglectful parenting behavior and externalizing behavior problems. Third, after controlling for fathers' parenting behavior, emotional regulation abilities fully mediated the relationship between mothers' parenting behavior and externalizing behavior problems. Conclusion: Both parenting behavior and emotional regulation abilities should be considered when attempting to understand the development of preschoolers' externalizing behavior problems. In particular, the results from this study stress the important role of emotional regulation abilities in decreasing externalizing behavior problems and buffering against the influence of negative parenting behavior.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.5-14
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• 2005

Recently, data from several groups have raised the concept of 'checkpoint' in transcription. As capping of nascent RNA transcript is tightly coupled to RNA polymerase II transcription, we seek to obtain direct evidence that transcripiton checkpoint via capping enzyme functions in this early regulatory step. One of temperature sensitive (ts) alleles of ceg1, a guanylyltransferase subunit of the Saccharomyces cerevisiaecapping enzyme, showed 6-azauracil (6AU) sensitivity at the permissive growth temperature, which is a phenotype that is correlated with a transcription elongational defect. This ts allele, ceg1-63 also has an impaired ability to induce PUR5 in response to a 6AU treatment. However, this cellular and molecular defect is not due to the preferential degradation of the transcript attributed from a lack of guanylyltransferase activity. On the contrary, the data suggests that the guanylyltransferase subunit of the capping enzyme plays a role in transcription elongation. First, in addition to the 6AU sensitivity, ceg1-63is synthetically lethal with elongation defective mutations of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II. Secondly, it exhibited a lower GAL1 mRNA turn-over after glucoseshut off. Third, it decreased the transcription read through a tandem array of promoter proximal pause sites in an orientation dependent manner. Interestingly, this mutant also showed lower pass through a pause site located further downstream of the promoter. Taken together, these results suggest that the capping enzyme plays the role of an early transcription checkpoint possibly in the step of the reversion of repression by stimulating polymerase to escape from the promoter proximal arrest once RNA becomes appropriately capped.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.79-95
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to present the need of developing reading education programs for preventing school violence that reading education program has on teenagers' attitude, awareness and empathy of school violence. According to the analysis results is as follows. First, Reading education program influenced on the attitude of the school violence. They had a meaningful effect about the sub-factor of the school violence permissive, attitude for the victim and attacker. Second, Reading education program had an influence on empathy ability. They had a meaningful effect about the sub-factor of the empathy ability take view point, empathic concern, individual anguish and imaging.