• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2020

The stem extract from Pyrus serotina var has natural antioxidant ability, but the extraction method does not result in a soluble compound in cosmetic formulations. This study investigated the cosmetic efficacy of the Pyrus serotina var stem extract and its epidermis permeation ability when combined with polymer micelles and a cell penetrating peptide. The total concentration of polyphenol compounds was determined to be 103.1644 ± 1.38 mg/g in the ethanol extract and 78.97 ± 1.45 mg/g in the hydrothermal extract. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effects were 55.94 ± 0.22% in the ethanol extract at 1,000 mg/L. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity rates were 104.05 ± 3.28% in the ethanol extract at 62.5 mg/L. The elastase inhibition rate was 67.21 ± 2.72% in the ethanol extract at 1,000 mg/L. An antimicrobial effect was observed in the Propionibacterium acnes strain. In the epidermal permeability experiment, it was confirmed that formulation of the polymer micelle containing the Pyrus serotina var stem extract and cell penetrating peptide (R6, hexa-D-arginine) showed small particle size and much better skin permeability. The cumulative amount of total Pyrus serotina var stem extract that penetrated to the skin over time increased over 24 hours in three formulations. The three formulations showed 51.61 ㎍/㎠ (Formulation 0), 75.97 ㎍/㎠ (Formulation 1) and 95.23 ㎍/㎠ (Formulation 2) skin penetration, respectively. Therefore, it was confirmed that the ethanol extracts of Pyrus serotina var stem showed good cosmetic efficacy and excellent epidermis permeation ability when combined with a polymer micelle and cell penetrating peptide. Thus, this extract has the potential to be used as a safe and natural cosmetic material in the future.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.394-399
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• 2017

플라스틱 포장 폐기물로 인한 환경오염을 해결하기 위한 대안으로 생분해성 필름이 많이 연구되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 우럭 껍질 젤라틴(RFG)과 nano-clay(Cloisite $Na^+$, 10A)의 복합필름의 특성에 관하여 연구하였다. 우럭 껍질로부터 젤라틴을 추출하여 sorbitol을 가소제로서 첨가한 단백질 필름을 제조하였고, 제조된 RFG 필름의 tensile strength(TS), water vapor permeability(WVP), water solubility(WS)는 각각 15.0 MPa, $2.70{\times}10^{-9}g\;m/m^2\;s\;Pa$, 53.8%였다. RFG에 nano-clay를 첨가한 복합필름은 TS가 증가하고 WVP와 WS는 감소하였다. XRD 분석과 SEM 측정 결과를 통하여 RFG/nano-clay 복합필름 내부에 박리형 구조를 형성함을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 본 연구 결과 RFG/nano-clay 복합필름은 생분해성 포장재로 적용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.281-287
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• 1994

The effects of oleic acid, propylene glycol and 5% (w/w) oleic acid in propylene glycol on the electrical properties of hairless mouse skin were studied and the results were compared. The complex electrical impedance was measured as a function of frequency, and resistance and capacitance were determined from the Nyquist plot. Immediately after the treatment with oleic acid, resistance was 145% of the pretreatment value. However it decreased with time and, after 20 hours, it was about 25% of its pretreatment value. Capacitance increased; immediately after the treatment, it was about 125% of pretreatment value and it seemed to increase slowly with time. When the skin was treated with propylene glycol, resistance decreased about 5O% and capacitance increased about 65%. Similar results were observed when the skin was treated with 5% (w/w) oleic acid in propylene glycol, except that the magnitude of resistance drop was much larger. Oleic acid acted synergistically with propylene glycol. Together with the flux data in the literature, the results obtained in this work indicate that electrical resistance is closely related to the permeability of drug molecules through the skin. The results are discussed in terms of the mechanism of action of these penetration enhancers. Overall, this work provided further mechanistic insight into the role of SC lipids in skin resistance and capacitance.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2000

Drug delivery system(DDS) applied to various fields, such as medicine, cosmetics, agriculture and necessities of life. Among these application fields, DDS is often used as the method of drug dosage into the epidermic skin. We investigated characters of transdermal therapeutic system(TTS) and the skin permeability of that with applying DDS. Chitosan was selected as material of TTS. We investigated the permeation of chitosan ointment containing drug in rat skin using horizontal membrane cell model. Permeation properties of materials were investigated for water-soluble drug such as riboflavin in vitro. We used glycerin, PEG 600 and oleic acid as enhancers. Since dermis has more content water(hydration) than the stratum corneum, skin permeation rate at steady state was highly influenced when glycerin was used in water-soluble drug. The permeation rate of content enhancer and drug was found to be faster than that of content water-soluble drug only. These results showed that skin permeation rate of drug across the composite was manly dependent on the property of ointment base and drug. Proper selection of the polymeric materials which resemble and enhance properties of the delivering drug was found to be important in controlling the skin permeation rate.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2004

Magneto-Impedance(MI) sensor is a highly sensitive sensor, which was able to detect a weak geomagnetic field. It also has a merit to be able to build in the low power system. In this study, their magnetic permeability and anisotropy field(H$\sub$k/) as a function of some different thickness of sputtered amorphous CoZrNb films with zero-magnetostriction and soft magnetic property are investigated. In order to make a uniaxial anisotropy, film was subjected to the post annealing in a static magnetic field with 1KOe intensity at 250, 300, and 320$^{\circ}C$ respectively for 2 hours. Magnetic properties of films are measured by using a M-H loop tracer. Magnetic permeability of a film is measured over the frequency range from 1 ㎒ to 750㎒. By thickening a CoZrNb film relatively, magnetic permeability and impedance are examine to design the. MI sensor which drives at 50㎒, and thereof fabricated the MI sensor which drives at the 50㎒.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.15
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• pp.132-135
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• 2002

MI(Magneto-Impedance) sensor which is made by thin films has significantly high detecting sensitivity in weak magnetic field. It also has a merit to be able to build in the low power system. Its structure is simple, which makes it easier to prepare a miniature. In this study, its magnetic permeability and anisotropy field($H_{k}$) as a function of a thickness of sputtered amorphous CoZrNb films with zero-magnetostriction and soft magnetic property are investigated. In order to make a uniaxial anisotropy, film was subjected to the post annealing in a static magnetic field with 1KOe intensity at 250, 300, and $320^{\circ}C$ respectively for 2 hours. Magnetic properties of film are measured by using a MH loop tracer. Its magnetic permeability of a film is measured over the frequency range 1 MHz to 750MHz. And, it was examined on the permeability and impedance to design the MI sensor which acts at 50MHz by thickening a CoZrNb film relatively, and fabricated the MI sensor which acts at the 50MHz.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.264-269
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• 2014

Background: In this study, we examined the effects of various enzymes on chemical conversions of ginsenosides in ginseng extract prepared by amylases. Methods: Rapidase, Econase CE, Viscozyme, Ultraflo L, and Cytolase PCL5 were used for secondary enzymatic hydrolysis after amylase treatment of ginseng extract, and ginsenoside contents, skin permeability, and chemical compositions including total sugar, acidic polysaccharide, and polyphenols were determined on the hydrolyzed ginseng extract. Results: Rapidase treatment significantly elevated total ginsenoside contents compared with the control (p < 0.05). In particular, deglycosylated ginsenosides including Rg3, which are known as bioactive compounds, were significantly increased after Rapidase treatment (p < 0.05). The Rapidase-treated group also increased the skin permeability of polyphenols compared with the control, showing the highest level of total sugar content among the enzyme treatment groups. Conclusion: This result showed that Rapidase induced the conversion of ginsenoside glycosides to aglycones. Meanwhile, Cytolase PCL5 and Econase treatments led to a significant increase of uronic acid (acidic polysaccharide) level. Taken together, our data showed that the treatments of enzymes including Rapidase are useful for the conversion and increase of ginsenosides in ginseng extracts or products.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.112-118
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• 2004

Recently, as the percentage of women employment has been growing, the demand for various facilities and services regarding household duties and infant rearing is increasing and so do the amount of the disposable diaper used. Among the components of disposable diaper, the top sheet contacting with infant skin directly is usually made with nonwoven textiles. Therefore, the mechanical and surface characteristics of the nonwovens used in disposable diaper are important for the skin health of infants. In this study, we have explored the mechanical and surface properties, such as friction coefficient, fluid permeability and strength, of the nonwovens used for disposable diaper top sheet and observed the variation of their properties with abrasion cycles. Nonwoven materials examined in this study are 100% cotton spunlace, 100% tencel spunlace, 100% polypropylene (PP) thermal bonding and 100% PP air through (Thru-air bonded carded web). From the result of KES-F analysis, we've found that 100% PP air through type nonwoven had a low friction coefficient and showed a little change in surface properties as increasing abrasion cycles. Moreover, it revealed superior fluid permeability and quick-drying character. On the other hand, though showing an excellent absorption force, the spun lace type nonwoven made of 100% cotton and 100% tencel displayed relatively low abrasion strength especially in wetting condition.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.71-90
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• 1999

This study was conducted to examine the comfortability of wearing pantyhose in summer. To satisfy this purpose. 4 types of pantyhose were chosen from the market: a Mono type(M), a Wooly type(W), and two Support types(Sl, S2), were chosen. After the performances of samples were measured, these were worn by 8 healthy adult women. Under the summer field environment, psychological comfort ability was examined through the 5 steps of SD method. Physiological comfort ability was examined by measuring the body reactions(clothing pressure, skin temperature, total body weight loss, rectal temperature, pulse rates, and blood pressure), under the artificial environment($28.5{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$, $82{\pm}3%$). The results of this examination were as follows : The order of comfortability which people felt in the field was W>M>S1>S2. The number of items which showed the highest correlation with comfort ability decreased and the correlation was lowered on the whole as time went by. There was positive high correlation between the performances of samples and comfort ability in compressibility, air permeability, water vapor permeability, while a negative high correlation in thickness, weight, compressional resiliency, strain (course) and moisture regain. The mean skin temperature was in the comfort zone, and rectal temperature, pulse rates, blood pressure were mostly in the normal range. Also it was showed that the correlation between the performance of samples and body reactions, except total body weight loss, was low.

• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제37권10호
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• pp.694-701
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• 1988

분포형 레일건은 전기자가 이동하는 공안 전기자전류를 거의 일정하게 유지할수 있으며 전류공급영성과 전기자 사이의 거리를 최소로 유지할수 있게 한다. 이 논문은 분포형 레일건에서 전류분포실효저항 및 전류의 실효확산 깊이에 영향을 미치는 인자를 규명한 것이다. 정상상태의 간단한 2차원 모델로 부터 레일의 전류분포와 실효저항을 나타내는 식을 유도하였다. 전류의 확산이 불충분한 조건에서 레일의 실효저항은 레일의 상대속도, 투자솔, 전기자와 전류공급영성과의 거리의 1/2승에 비례하고 도전솔의 1/2승에 반비례하였으며, 전류의 실효확산 깊이는 전기자와 전류공급영성과의 거리의 1/2승에 비례하고 투자솔, 도전솔 및 속도의 1/2승에 반비례하였다.