• 공업화학
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.222-227
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 마디풀 추출물의 에틸아세테이트 분획을 함유한 안정한 나노에멀젼을 제조하였고, 이 나노에멀젼의 피부 흡수 증진 효과를 평가하였다. 나노에멀젼은 균질기(homogenizer) 처리 후 고압유화기(microfluidizer)를 이용한 고에너지법으로 제조하였다. 마디풀 추출물의 에틸아세테이트 분획을 함유한 나노에멀젼의 입자 크기와 포집효율을 측정하였다. 평균 입자 크기는 238 nm이었으며 포집 효율은 98% 이상으로 나타났다. 나노에멀젼은 단분산의 입도 분포를 나타냈으며 고압 유화 과정을 거치지 않은 일반 에멀젼보다도 더 안정함을 보여주었다. Franz diffusion cell을 이용하여 마디풀 추출물의 에틸아세테이트 분획을 함유한 나노에멀젼의 피부 투과 실험을 수행하였다. 에틸아세테이트 분획 함유 나노에멀젼은 대조군인 1,3-butylene glycol 용액에서 보다 피부 흡수 및 투과량이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구 결과들은 항산화 및 항노화 활성이 큰 마디풀 추출물의 에틸아세테이트 분획을 함유한 나노에멀젼이 안정성 및 피부 투과력이 우수함을 시사한다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.181-184
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to develop transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) for the combination of physostigmine and procyclidine. The effects of various pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA) on the percutaneous absorption of procyclidine across hairless mouse skin were evaluated to select an appropriate PSA. In addition, the influences of various vehicles on the percutaneous absorption of procyclidine from PSA matrix across hairless mouse skin were evaluated using flow-through diffusion cell system at $37^{\circ}C$. Physostigmine did not have any influence on the permeation rate of procyclidine. The flux of procyclidine was the highest in silicone and PIB and was relatively lower in SIS, Acryl, and SBS adhesive matrices, however, their use was limited by the crystallization of the drug in the matrix. Among acrylic adhesives, the permeability of procyclidine was the highest from poly (ethylene oxide) grafted acrylic adhesive. Some enhancers show different enhancing effect depending on the drug, however, many of the tested enhancers showed enhancing effect for the permeation of both procyclidine and physostigmine to some extent. $Crovol^{\circledR}$ EP 40 showed the highest enhancing effect on the permeation of both compounds. The size of TDDS to provide required permeation rate was estimated to be $35\;cm^2$ based on available information.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2004

We have studied the effect of polarity, current density, current duration, crosslinking density, swelling ratio, and permeation enhancers on the transdermal flux of ketoprofen from acrylamide hydrogel. Hydrogel was prepared by free radical crosslinking polymerization of acrylamide. Drug loading was made just before transport experiment by soaking the hydrogel in solution containing drug. In vitro flux study using hairless mouse skin was performed at $36.5^{\circ}C$ using side-by-side diffusion cell, and the drug was analysed using HPLC/UV system. The result showed that, compared to passive flux, the total amount of drug transported increased about 18 folds by the application of $0.4\;mA/cm^2$ cathodal current. Anodal delivery with same current density also increased the total amount of drug transported about 13 folds. It seemed that the increase in flux was due to the electrorepulsion and the increase in passive permeability of the skin by the current application. Flux increased as current density, the duration of current application and loading amount (swelling duration) increased. As the cross linking density of the hydrogel increased, flux clearly decreased. The effect of hydrophilic enhancers (urea, N-methyl pyrrolidone, Tween 20) and some hydrophobic enhancers (propylene glycol monolaurate and isopropyl myristate) was minimal. However, about 3 folds increase in flux was observed when 5% oleic acid was used. Overall, these results provide some useful information on the design of an optimized iontophoretic delivery system of ketoprofen.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1995년도 춘계 총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.11-15
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• 1995

Polysulfone (PS) membranes were prepared by the phase inversion process using water or isopropanol as nonsolvent. The Flory-Huggins theory for a ternary system nonsolvent/solvent/polymer is applied to describe the thermodynamic equilibria of the components. The calculated ternary phase equilibria show that demixing of a PS binary solution with n-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) will be fast in a water coagulation bath and will be delayed in an isopropanol bath. The prepared membranes were characterized by SEM, gas adsorption-desorption measurement, and permeability test. The membrane, which is precipitated by fast demixing in a water bath, has nodular structures in the skin region and includes finger-like cavities in the sublayer. The membrane coagulated by isopropanol has a very dense and thick skin structure, which is formed by delayed demixing. The membrane coagulated by isopropanol showed considerably lower pore volume and surface area compared to that observed with water coagulation method. With dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent and 2-3 wt% of water, the solution can show the liquid-liquid phase separation due to agglomation of the polymer-lean phase from the homogeneous solution. The membranes, which were coagulated near an equilibrium state, show the large (micron size) round pores in the whole membranes. The pores do not contribute the permeation characteristics.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.412-417
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• 2006

Triamcinolone acetonide (TA) is a corticosteroid that is used in the systemic and topical treatment of many inflammatory diseases. In this study, a phonophoretic drug delivery system was designed to enhance the TA permeability and the influence of ultrasound was examined. In order to establish the transdermal delivery system for TA, a hydrophilic carbopol gel containing TA was prepared after adopting phonophoresis. A permeation study through mouse skin was performed at $37^{\circ}C$ using a Franz diffusion cell, and the ultrasound treatment was carried out for 10 h. The level of TA permeation through the skin was evaluated under various ultrasound conditions including the frequency (1.0, 3.0 MHz), intensity (1.0, $2.5W/cm^2 $), and duty cycle (continuous, pulse mode) using a 0.5% TA gel. The highest permeation was observed under the ultrasound treatment conditions of low frequency, high intensity, and in continuous mode.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2021

본 연구는 PFEG(글루코실세라마이드 4.0% 함유)가 저 미네랄 특수사료(HR-AD)를 섭취시킨 헤어리스 마우스에서 발생하는 피부장벽 붕괴에 대한 억제작용이 있는지를 확인하고자 하였다. 4주간의 투여를 통해 정상군(Rabo MR Stock)과 비교하여 대조군(HR-AD)에서는 경피 수분 손실량(TEWL)이 서서히 상승하여 피부장벽기능의 붕괴가 발생함과 동시에 표피 수분량 및 각층 수분량도 서서히 저하되는 것이 확인되었다. 육안적으로는 깊은 주름 형성이 확인되었으며 조직학적 소견에서는 표피의 비후와 각화 항진이 확인되었다. 그러나 PFEG를 섭취시킨 시험군에서는 대조군에서 유발되는 피부장벽기능 붕괴에 대한 억제 효과가 확인되었다. 즉, 글루코실세라마이드 0.01% 배합군 및 0.1% 배합군에서는 섭취 시작 2주일째 이후 야기되는 TEWL 상승을 완전히 억제하였다. 또한, 저하되는 표피 수분량, 각층 수분량에 대해서도 유의하게 억제하여 피부 보습 기능을 유지하고 있었다. 육안적으로도 깊은 주름 형성은 억제되었으며, 조직학적인 검토에서도 표피의 비후나 각화 항진은 확인되지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 HR-1 마우스의 피부 세라마이드 생산 개선에 기인한 결과라고 예상된다. 즉, HR-AD 섭취에 의해 HR-1 마우스는 세라마이드를 포함한 피부 지질의 함량 및 구성에 이상이 생기고, 피부 수분량이 급격히 줄어들어 피부 보습 능력이 저하된다. 그런데 PFEG의 혼합 투여는 손상된 피부의 세라마이드 함량 및 구성을 정상과 가깝게 만들어, 대조군에서 나타나는 증상의 발현을 억제하는 것으로 판단된다. 이상의 결과로부터 PFEG의 섭취는 피부장벽기능의 손상으로 발생하는 다양한 피부 수분 손실을 억제함으로써 피부 보습 개선에 우수한 효능이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 PFEG가 피부 보습에 도움을 주는 건강기능성 원료로서 이용 가능성이 높음을 확인할 수 있다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.247-252
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• 2000

The advantages of transdermal administration are avoiding hepatic first pass effect, minimizing inter- and intra-patient variation, maintaining steady-state plasma level to provide long-term therapy from a single dose, and allowing a rapid termination of drug input. Clenbuterol, a selective ${\beta}_2-adrenergic$ receptor stimulant, has been introduced as a potent bronchodilator for patients with bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive bronchial disease. For the development of transdermal systems containing clenbuterol, two limiting factors - long lag time and low flux - must be overcome. In this study, we attempted to select optimal formulation for preparation of clenbuterol patch using hairless mouse skin and flow-through diffusion cell. The flux of clenbuterol increased as the percent of clenbuterol dose dependently in the concentration range of 5-15%. Based on this result, we fixed the concentration of clenbuterol as 15%. The effect of various penetration enhancers on percutaneous absorption of clenbuterol through hairless mouse skin was investigated. Labrafil was the most effective enhancer, which increased the permeability of clenbuterol approximately 4-fold compared with the control without penetration enhancer. Optimal enhancer concentration was 3%. The effect of various adhesives on penetration of clenbuterol was also investigated. Among the adhesives studied, MA-31 was the most effective adhesive. Furthermore, the clenbuterol patch composed of 15% clenbuterol, 3% Labrafil and 82% MA-31, which gave most excellent penetration of drug in in vitro penetration study, maintained therapeutic plasma levels in in vivo study using S.D. rats. These studies demonstrated a good feasibility of clenbuterol administration through the intact skin using a transdermal patch, and show a possibility of the development of clenbuterol patches.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.152-163
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to experimentally analyze the relationship between structural characteristics of cotton fabrics and their cool-and-warm felling in order to develop more comfortable fabrics. Comfort in textile products has been emphasized as consumers preferred performance to fashion of clothing. Thermal comfort of clothing is a basic parameter of the comfort sensation which is usually represented by the cool-and-warm feeling felt by human skin. Cloo-and-warm feeling is perceived by the heat flux which transfers heat energy stored in an object to skin. We feel warm (cool) if the temperature of nerve extremity in skin ascends (descends). As cool-and-warm feeling determines the comfort sensation of clothing, it is important to develop new comfort fabrics. Although considerable works have been made on the body, clothing, and environment, there has been no research study on the structural characteristics of fabrics and their cool and warm feeling. Cool-and-warm feeling is closely related to the transient heat transfer property. This research study used the cotton fabrics manufactured in Korea as sample and measured $q_{max}$ value with thermal property measuring instrument (Thermo-Labo II type). $q_{max}$ values estimated by polynomial regression equation were compared with those observed in this study. This study also identified the structural parameters of cotton fabrics for a specific range of $q_{max}$ values. The findings of this study can be summarized as follows: 1) As the thickness, porosity and air permeability of cotton fabrics increase, $q_{max}$ value decreases. 2) As the fabric count and over factor of cotton fabrics increase, $q_{max}$ value also increases. 3) $q_{max}$ values have been estimated by simple and polynomial regression equations developed in this study. Regression curves which have been plotted by polynomial regression equations also provided with the range of structural parameters for a specific range of $q_{max}$ values of cotton fabrics. This study would be significant in that it has identified the structural Parameters for the cool-and-warm feeling of cotton fabric at $65\%$ relative humidity.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.253-262
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the effects of treatment for dermatitis using the herbal gel preparations. Scutellariae Radix(SR) and Zingiberis Rhizoma(ZR) were used for the purpose of herbal preparations. Baicalin, baicalein are the ingredients of SR, having biological effects like anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-bacterial and antiallergic action. 6-Gingerol is one of the ingredients of ZR having biologicai effects like anti-inflammatory and analgesic action. The three types of hydrogels(SRE, SRH, SZH) were formulated with Carbopol 940, Labrasol, Triethanolamine etc. Baicalin was hydrolysed to baicalein by $\beta$-glucuronidase for the purpose to increase rate of skin permeation. Content of ingredients by HPLC determination, rate of skin permeation using Franz type diffusion cell, anti-oxidative activity for the free radical, hydroxyl radical, superoxide, anti-inflammatory by using carrageenan injection, efficacy on the dermatitis induced by 2,4-dinitro-chlorobenzene(DNCB) were experimented. Baicalein showed higher permeability than baicalin, so it is considered that baicalein was more suitable form than baicalin for transdermal absorption by its lipophilic property. In the anti-oxidative experiments, SZH gel was the most effective scavenging activity than the other gels in all experiments. In anti-inflammatory test, SRM and SZH gel more decreased edma rapidly than SRE gel. In case of using SZH gel, treatment period for the dermatitis was more declined than that of other gel groups. These results suggests that the SZH hydrogel could be suitable preparations for the treatment of dermatitis.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.275-283
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• 2023

The demand for skincare has increased due to the end of the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to a focus on skincare devices and technologies designed to improve the delivery of cosmetics. Among these technologies, skincare medical devices that utilize plasma therapy (Plasma) and sonophoresis (Sono) are commonly used in dermatology clinics. However, there is still a lack of quantitative analysis for transdermal absorption effects of Plasma and Sono skincare medical devices. In this study, we quantified enhanced transdermal absorption effects of Plasma and Sono devices through in-silico and ex-vivo studies. The Sono treatment demonstrated an increased transdermal absorption effect, showing a 10~13% difference in penetration compared to the control group in the in-silico experiment, and 159% and 184% increase in the ex-vivo experiment. The Plasma treatment revealed increased transdermal absorption effects, with a 1.0~2.5% penetration difference in the in-silico experiment, and a 124% increase in the ex-vivo experiment compared to the control group. We also observed a synergistic effect from the combined treatment of Plasma and Sono, as indicated by the highest increases of 197% and 242% in penetration. Furthermore, we have determined the optimal device settings and treatment conditions for Plasma-Sono skincare medical devices. Notably, higher on/off durations (Intensity levels) and longer Sono treatments resulted in greater transdermal absorption effects.