• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.260-267
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• 2005

[ $PGE_1$ ] is an endogenous substance of potent vasodialator as well as inhibitor of platelet aggregation. It has been used therapeutically in peripheral arterial occlusive disease and impotence. Intracavernous injection of $PGE_1$ for erectile dysfunction has been established for several years as a treatment option for erectile dysfunction of diverse etiologies, but this mode of administration is limited by penile discomfort, pain at the injection site, inconvenience and noncompliance. As the matter of worse, the $\beta-hydroxy$ moiety of $PGE_1$ is extremely susceptible to dehydration in solution to give inactive $PGA_1$ and $PGB_1$. For the improvement of stability, rapid absorption at action site and the convenience of application, $PGE_1$ was formulated as urethral suppositories of three types of formulations, such as PEG, witepsol, and the mixture of PEG and witepsol. The stability test of $PGE_1$ and the release test in urinary suppositories were performed. Futhermore, the effect of enhancers and vehicle composition on the penetration of $PGE_1$ through excised rat skin was evaluated by permeability coefficient and enhancement ratio.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.310-313
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• 2011

A 6-year-old female Shih-tzu dog was referred with left elbow joint mass associated with weight bearing lameness. Ultrasonography demonstrated an encapsulated hyperechoic mass at the left elbow joint. Radiography was performed on elbow joint, chest, and abdomen, but there was no evidence of metastasis. Clinicopathologic examination revealed the existence of neoplastic cells with anisocytosis, pleomorphism and increased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio. The left forelimb was amputated for cure. Histopathological examination diagnosed the mass as a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. During the 4 weeks follow-up, the patient showed full remission and adopted to walk with remaining three legs. Thereafter, the tumor recurred after 5 months of first surgery at the operation site and other two cutaneuos regions. Cytology test revealed the mesenchymal originated tumor cells with malignancy. These tumors were surgically removed and histopathological examination of the resected tissue revealed the recurrence of primary tumor and metastasis. Metronomic therapy with cyclophophamide (10 mg/$m^2$, PO, sid) and piroxicam (0.3 mg/kg, PO, sid) had been adopted for 5 months. At 26 months of follow up after the first surgery, the dog alive with satisfactory quality of life. Aggressive surgical resection with metronomic chemotherapy should be the most effective treatment for malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.12
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• pp.99-119
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• 2003

A model is proposed for the role of emotional intensity of a web site, and the moderating influence of product involvement, in the Integrative Framework of persuasion (Meyers-Levy and Malvaiya 1999). The model also appropriately operationalizes the constructs emotional intensity of a web site and product involvement The three routes to persuasion, Central, Peripheral, and Experiential correspond to high, moderate, and low involvement (Meyers-Levy and Malaviya 1999). The involvement construct is measured from message recipients using the Personal Product Inventory (Pill, which was developed to capture the concept of product involvement (Zaichkowsky 1985). The conceptualization of the Personal Product Inventory is a contextrree measure that also has robust psychometric properties when applied to advertisements (Zaichkowsky 1994). The propositions highlight the expected importance of emotional intensity of a web site. The moderating influence of product involvement is also proposed. Specifically, what this work proposes is that the emotional intensity of a product site has a larger impact on attitude change under low product involvement, as opposed to moderate product involvement. Support for this reasoning can be found in the persuasion literature (Petty et al 1986). The Petty et al (1986) frame work is a dual process descriptive and predictive frame work in the area of altitude formation and change. Recently, Myers Levy and Malaviya (1999) have proposed a tri-process framework. This is in tum based on the dual process model of Petty et al. (1986). The study outlined in this paper aims to deepen the Meyers Levy and Malaviya (1999) and frame work. The propositions outlined in the model are empirically tested using a repeated measures experimental design. The emotional intensity is measured using a scale that is based on experts judgments. Using a paired comparison t-test two sites are determined to be of high and low emotional intensity. The model is tested using a repeated measures experimental design. The first independent variable Emotional Intensity of the site is manipulated. The Second independent variable, Personal Product Inventory is measured. While, the dependent variable, product altitude change will also be measured. Utilizing Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) the data is analyzed using SPSS. The results suggest that besides the rational content of messages their emotional content can also influence attitude change. Specifically, it is proposed that the manipulation of emotional intensity of a product Web site has a greater impact on product altitudes under high and low product involvement conditions, rather than moderate product involvement. However, the results for product involvement as a continuous variable has a p value of 0.09. Further, the results for three levels of product involvement were far from significant. For two levels of product involvement also, the results were insignificant, the p value approached 0.20. This evidence indicates that it is premature to conclude that there are three routes to persuasion. A caveat, however, must be added, in that the manipulations may not have been strong enough to test the proposed hypotheses. Further, undoubtedly, there is unequivocal evidence the emotional intensity of a product Web site, as measured here, has a direct impact on product attitudes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.865-871
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• 2006

Signs of dental discolouration, difficulty in mastication, bony exostosis and debility were observed in cattle from Qingtongxia Ningxia, China where fluoride concentration in drinking water, soil, fodder, serum, bone, teeth, haircoat and urine were significantly higher than the corresponding health site. The problem of fluorosis in beef cattle is attributable to water containing toxic levels of fluoride. The objective of this paper was therefore to evaluate the influence of fluoride on erythrocyte parameters in cattle under high fluoride and low selenium conditions, as well as the protective efficacy of selenium exposure in feedstuff for bovine endemic fluorosis. Sixteen 6 to 7 year-old high fluoride beef cattle were randomly allotted into two groups each with eight cows: high fluoride control group, and supplemented with 0.25 mg/kg selenium per day for 83 days respectively. In addition, eight 6 to 7 year-old normal control beef cattle were selected from a non-high fluoride site. Blood samples were collected on day 0, 30 and 83 for erythrocyte parameters analysis and scanning electronic microscopy. The results indicated that erythrocytes, hemoglobin, packed cell volume values and $Na^+-K^+$ ATPase activity from affected cattle on the high fluoride site were significantly reduced during the period as compared with the corresponding samples of normal control cattle, a great number of echinocytes were present in peripheral blood, and subsequent anaemia. However, affected cattle exposed to selenium revealed increasable erythrocyte parameters, the extent of elevation in these values being dependent on the duration of supplementation with selenium. These findings suggest that fluoride exposure can cause erythrocyte damage, whereas selenium supplementation can antagonize fluoride-induced generation of free radicals and cumulative effects of lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes. Selenium supplementation may help to alleviate the possible hazards associated with bovine endemic fluorosis.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.73-76
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• 2000

Neurilemmomas are uncommon benign tumors originating from the schwann cells of various cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and autonomic nerves. About 25% of the disease is found in the head and neck region and the most common single site of origin is known to be the acoustic nerve. However neurilemmomas of the peripheral segment of the lingual nerve are extremely rare neoplasms. We recendy experienced a case of a benign neurilemmoma of the lingual nerve and this case may be the second to be reported in the literature.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.237-244
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• 2016

Topical anesthetics act on the peripheral nerves and reduce the sensation of pain at the site of application. In dentistry, they are used to control local pain caused by needling, placement of orthodontic bands, the vomiting reflex, oral mucositis, and rubber-dam clamp placement. Traditional topical anesthetics contain lidocaine or benzocaine as active ingredients and are used in the form of solutions, creams, gels, and sprays. Eutectic mixtures of local anesthesia cream, a mixture of various topical anesthetics, has been reported to be more potent than other anesthetics. Recently, new products with modified ingredients and application methods have been introduced into the market. These products may be used for mild pain during periodontal treatment, such as scaling. Dentists should be aware that topical anesthetics, although rare, might induce allergic reactions or side effects as a result of an overdose. Topical anesthetics are useful aids during dental treatment, as they reduce dental phobia, especially in children, by mitigating discomfort and pain.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.214-219
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• 2011

The substation grounding design,"IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding (ANSI / IEEE Std 80)"has been widely used. Substation grounding design and substation grounding resistance of grounding network site to predict the voltage at the risk of a very important task, which is a ground fault current due to the influx of the ground network and due to rise in the Earth's potential can be applied to human dangerous Voltage within safe tolerances be configured to be the ground because the network. IEEE Std. 80 for the substation construction safety equipment on the ground securing the ground electrode and the mesh around the boundary potential distribution in terms of risk analysis by the touch voltage and the reference was to clean up the definition and the basic steps of the voltage of the voltage limits the risk of peripheral grounding electrode Suppression by the simulator through a new secure from dangerous voltage design techniques were presented.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.395-402
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• 1993

For the purpose of evaluation of clinical characteristics and histopathological properties in mediastinal tumor, and to provide the guidelines of surgical management of mediastinal tumor,238 patients with mediastinal tumors treated during the period from January 1983 to December 1991 were reviewed at Seoul National University Hospital. There were 106 males & 132 females, and their ages ranged from 3 months to 73 years, with average 33.6 years. The most frequently encountered tumor site was anterosuperior mediastinum followed by posterior, and middle mediastinum. In the pathological viewpoint, thymoma was the most frequent type followed by neurogenic tumor. 81% of the tumor were benign and 19% were malignant. Half of the malignant tumors were neurogenic tumors. Malignancy rate was high in pediatric patients compared to adults as 40% and 19% respectively. 65% of patients were asymptomatic at diagnosis.There was no operative mortality. Post operative complications were occurred in 35 cases. Most frequent complications were adjacent peripheral nerve injuries. But other usual operative complications, such as bleeding, chylothorax, infection, were relatively rare.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.41-46
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• 1990

First of all, Under given condition such as bit gage of 36mm Drill bit with right class of jack-logs experimental test carried out from two face of Bench, firing of each hole brought 90 degree Angle face and them measured length of Burden and charged ammount of powder as following. (equation omitted) A=Activated Area A=ndi=m S=Peripheral length of Charged. room Ca=Rock Coeffiecency d : di=Hole diameter When constructed subway of Seoul in 1980 the blasting works increased complaint of ground vibration. in order to prevent the damage to structures. Some empirical equations were made as follows on condition with Jackleg Drill (Bit Gage ø 36mm) and within 30 meter distance between blasting site and structures. V=K(D / W)$\^$-n/ N=1.60-1.78 K=48-138 Project one of contineous works to above a determination of empirical equation on the cautious blasting vibration with Crawler Drill(ø 70-75mm) in long distance. V=41(equation omitted) V=124(equation omitted).

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.299-302
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• 1994

Prostaglandin E1(PGE1) is a potent vasodilator and is a useful drug for the treatment of occlusive peripheral vascular disease. It has been used systemically via intravenous route or regionally via intraarterial route. We tried intravenous regional administration of PGE1 for the treatment of a patient with occlusive arterial disease involving left fingers. During the 13th injection, the patient complained of severe pain at the injection site during the drug administration. Thereafter, the patient developed painful and severe swelling with blebs on his left hand. Systemic antibiotics were given together with stellate ganglion block of the affected left side. PGE1 was substituted to reserpine, which is subcutaneously injectable, for the second term treatment.