• 대한수의학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.591-596
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• 2001

The chicks from 6 field broiler farms revealed peripheral neuropathy including leg weakness, curled toes and drooped wings. Grossly distinctive enlargements of sciatic nerve, branchial nerve and lumbar nerve were observed in the chicks. Histologically nerve lesions consisted of demyelination of myelin sheaths, Schwann cell proliferation and swelling, and interstitial edema in the peripheral nerves of all birds examined. Axonal swelling and infiltration of small lymphocytes were observed, but not a primary lesion. After treatment of riboflavin, neurological disorder was markedly recovered. From these results, it is suggested that the peripheral nerve lesions in these cases were caused by dietary riboflavin deficiency.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.1120-1126
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• 2001

Objective : The development of magnetic resonance neurography(MRN) has made it possible to produce highresolution images of peripheral nerves themselves, as well as associated intraneural and extraneural lesions. We evaluated the clinical application and utility of high-resolution MRN techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of peripheral nerve disorder(PND)s. Material and Method : MRN images were obtained using T1-weighted spin echo, T2-weighted fast spin echo with fat suppression, and short tau inversion recovery(STIR) fast spin-echo pulse sequences. Fifteen patients were studied, three with brachial plexus tumors, five with chronic entrapment syndromes, and seven with traumatic peripheral lesions. Ten patients underwent surgery. Results : In MRN with STIR sequences of axial and coronal imagings, signals of the peripheral nerves with various lesions were detected as fairly bright signals and were discerned from signals of the uninvolved nerves. Increased signal with proximal swelling and distal flattening of the median nerve were seen in all patients of carpal tunnel syndrome. Among the eight patients with brachial plexus injury or tumors, T2-weighted MRN showed increased signal intensity in involved roots in five, enhanced mass lesions in three, and traumatic pseudomeningocele in three. Other associated MRI findings were adjacent bony signal change, neuroma, root adhesion and denervated muscle atophy with signal change. Conclusion : MRN with high-resolution imaging can be useful in the preoperative evaluation and surgical planning in patients with peripheral nerve lesions.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2015

The paraproteinemia is a disorder in which a single clone of plasma cells (monoclonal gammopathy) is responsible for the proliferation of monoclonal proteins (M-proteins). Approximately 10% of patients with idiopathic peripheral neuropathy have monoclonal gammopathy. Some M-proteins have the properties of an antibody to the components of peripheral nerve myelin, but the pathophysiological relationship between the neuropathy and the M-protein is often obscure. The relationship between peripheral neuropathy and monoclonal gammopathy requires the appropriate neurological and hematological investigations for precise diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we provide an update on the causal associations between peripheral neuropathy and monoclonal gammopathy as well as characteristics of clinical and electrophysiologic features.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

Small-fiber neuropathy (SFN) is a common clinical problems. The disorder is a generalized peripheral polyneuropathy that selectively involves small-diameter myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers. It is often idiopathic and typically presents with painful feet in patients over the age of 60. And autoimmune mechanisms are often suspected, but rarely identified. The clinical features consisted of painful dysesthesias and postganglionic sympathetic dysfunction, as well as reduced pinprick and temperature sensation. Although affected patients complain of neuropathic pain, this condition is often difficult to diagnose because of the few objective physical signs and normal nerve conduction studies. Diagnosis of SFN is made on the basis of the clinical features, normal nerve conduction studies, and abnormal specialized tests of small fiber function. These specialized studies include assessment of epidermal nerve fiber density as well as sudomotor, quantitative sensory, and cardiovagal testing. Unless an underlying disease is identified, treatment is usually directed toward alleviation of neuropathic pain.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.74-77
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• 2009

말초에서부터 야기된 행동장애가 존재하는지 아니면 말초 신경 손상 후의 행동장애가 심리적인 것으로 인한 것인지에 대한 논의가 계속되고 있다. 말초 신경 손상에 의해 야기된 상지의 진전에 대한 증례를 보고하고자 한다. 25세 남자환자는 자동차 사고 이틀 후 상지의 통증과 진전이 발생하였다. 뇌 및 경추의 자기공명영상 촬영상 특이소견이 없었다. 과거력상 특이 소견 없었으며 행동장애에 대한 가족력 또한 없었다. 그는 하루에 약 네 차례에서 여섯 차례 십분 이상 지속되며 악화되는 진전으로 고통 받았다. 약물 치료, 경막외주사 주입, 경추의 신경차단술, 통증유발부위 주사요법 등으로 통증 조절을 하였다. 그 결과 통증이 반 정도 줄었으며 진전의 강도, 시간, 빈도가 줄어들었다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2000

Neuromuscular disorders are common causes of weakness and hypotonia in the infantile period and in childhood. Accurate diagnosis of specific neuromuscular disorders depends first on identification of which aspect of the peripheral neuromuscular system is affected-the motor neuron in the spinal cord, the nerve root or peripheral nerve, the neuromuscular junction, or the muscle-and then on the determination of the etiology and specific clinical entity. Spinal muscular atrophy(SMA) is the most common autosomal-recessive genetic disorder lethal to infants. The three major childhood-onset forms of SMA are now usually called type I, type II and typeⅢ. Progression of the disease is due to loss of anterior horn cells, thought to be caused by apoptosis. Diagnosis is based on the course of the illness, as well as certain changes seen on nerve and muscle biopsy and electrodiagnostic studies. More recently, our understanding of the genetics of this disorder has provided a noninvasive approach to diagnosis. We report on a 3-year-old male patient with spinal muscular atrophy type II. He had progressive muscular weakness since 18 months of age. The upper arms were slightly, and the thighs moderately atrophic. There was muscle weakness of both the upper and lower limbs, being more proximal in distribution. Electromyogram revealed a neurogenic pattern.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.18-20
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• 2012

Over the last 30 years or so, it has been recognized that neurologic disorders could impair laryngeal function, and that neurogenic etiology could be discerned frequently. This has led collaborations between laryngologists and neurologists and focus on the management of neurogenic dysfunction of the larynx and pharynx, including central and peripheral disorder. The author introduced anatomical structure, nerve distribution and neurophysiology of the larynx for understanding its basic functions. The symptoms, diseases from laryngeal dysfunction and the development of diagnosis and management were also discussed.

• 대한근전도전기진단의학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.148-152
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• 2018

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder and one of the most common muscular dystrophies affecting adults. Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, a common hereditary neuropathy, is characterized by atrophy of the distal limbs and peripheral nerve abnormalities. The authors report a rare case involving a 24-year-old female who was diagnosed simultaneously with both DM1 and CMT1A based on the results of a nerve conduction study (NCS). The patient, who had previously been diagnosed with DM1, was admitted for lower extremity pain. Her electrodiagnostic examination continued to reveal severe sensorimotor demyelinating polyneuropathy, and a genetic study was performed to confirm whether she had other hereditary neuropathies, except DM1, that suggested CMT1A, the most common phenotype of CMT. Severe abnormalities in an NCS in a DM1 patient may suggest the incidental coexistence of hereditary neuropathies, and further evaluations, such as genetic studies, should be performed for proper diagnosis.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2022

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic regional pain disorder that most frequently affects the limbs. It is characterized by hyperalgesia, allodynia, edema, motor disturbance, and vasomotor instability, and typically occurs following surgery or trauma. In type-I CRPS there is no confirmed nerve injury, while peripheral nerve injury is present in type-II CRPS. The multifactorial pathophysiological etiology of CRPS includes inflammation, autoimmune responses, abnormal cytokine production, autonomic dysfunction, altered blood flow, psychological factors, and central cortical reorganization. There are no specific laboratory diagnostic tools for CRPS, and so it is diagnosed clinically. The Budapest criteria are currently the most-accepted diagnostic criteria.

• 대한추나의학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.111-123
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• 2002

Objectives : There have been many studies of the effect of Bee Venom therapy about arthritis, but no one study was reported about its whole functional mechanism to musculo-skeletal system. This study was designed to investigate the effect, Indication, and side effect of Bee Venom therapy on musculo-skeletal disease by literature review of articles. Results : The effects of Bee Venom therapy to musculo-skeletal system are divided to Anti_inflammatory effect and Anti-nociceptive effect. Anti_inflammatory effect is achieved through competitive chemotaxis, immuno-regulation, increasing of cortisol secretion by stimulating hypothalamus-pituitary gland-adrenal cortex axis. Anti-nociceptive effect is achieved by Anti-inflammatory mechanism and it works similar to anti-nociceptive effect of the acupuncture acting on central and peripheral nociceptive transduction system. The Bee Venom therapy could cause severe side effect, for example, hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis, injury to central nerve system and cardiovascular system, peripheral blood system, and renal dysfunction. Conclusions : With its Anti-inflammatory and Anti-nociceptive mechanism, Bee Venom therapy is considered that has good effects to autoimmune disease, chronic inflammation of various musculo-skeletal disease and various pain syndrome. But the clinician must be careful for its side effects.