• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.183-189
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• 2002

저자들은 기침, 객담, 그리고 양측 하지의 부종과 저린감을 주소로 내원한 환자를 신경과 근육의 조직 검사를 시행하여, 폐장 및 신경근계를 침범한 Churg-Strauss 증후군으로 확진하여 스테로이드로 성공적으로 치료한 1 예를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2020

Objective: The goal of this study is to investigate whether peripheral axonal regeneration is affected by diabetes in experimental animals. Method: Sprague Dawely rat was injected with 45~50 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) to generate an animal model of diabetes. Three months after STZ injection, sciatic nerve (2 cm length) was removed and the same length of nerve segments from STZ-injected animal or from control animal (CTL) was transplanted into STZ-injected animals (STZ-STZ and STZ-CTL respectively). Similarly, sciatic nerve segments from STZ-injected animal or from control animal were grafted into the control animals (CTL-STZ and CTL-CTL respectively). All animals were sacrificed 2 weeks after transplantation. Sciatic nerve sections were prepared and subjected to immunofluorescence staining analysis. Results: Immunofluorescence staining for NF-200 showed that distal elongation of regenerating axons reached 40~80% of proximal neve in both CTL-STZ and CTL-CTL groups. However, distal elongation in both STZ-STZ and STZ-CTL groups were 20~60% of proximal nerve. Furthermore, measurement of axonal regeneration after immuno-staining with SCG10 showed that the scores of distal elongation relative to proximal nerve were 50~90% in CTL-CTL and CTL-STZ groups and 10-60% in STZ-CTL and STZ-STZ. Conclusions: Our data showed that the levels of axonal regeneration were not affected irrespective of whether they were from STZ- or CTL graft, but were greatly reduced when the nerves were transplanted into the STZ host.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.339-350
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• 1999

The present study was attempted to examine the effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) on catecholamine (CA) secretion evoked by cholinergic stimulation, membrane depolarization and calcium mobilization from the isolated perfused rat adrenal gland. The perfusion of PACAP (10 nM) into an adrenal vein for 60 min produced a great inhibition in CA secretion evoked by ACh $(5.32{\times}10^{-3}\;M),$ high $K^+\;(5.6{\times}10^{-2}\;M),$ DMPP $(10^{-4}\;M\;for\;2\;min),$ McN-A-343 $(10^{-4}\;M\;for\;2\;min),$ cyclopiazonic acid $(10^{-5}\;M\;for\;4\;min)$ and Bay-K-8644 $(10^{-5}\;M\;for\;4\;min).$ Also, in the presence of neuropeptide (NPY), which is known to be co-localized with norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerves, CA secretory responses evoked by ACh, high potassium, DMPP, McN-A-343, Bay-K-8644 and cyclopiazonic acid were also significantly depressed. However, in adrenal glands preloaded with PACAP (10 nM) under the presence of VIP antagonist $[(Lys^1,\;Pro^{2.5},\;Arg^{3.4},\;Tyr^6)-VIP\;(3\;{\mu}M)]$ for 20 min, CA secretory responses evoked by ACh, high potassium, DMPP, McN-A-343, Bay-K-8644 and cyclopiazonic acid were not altered greatly in comparison to the case of PACAP-treatment only. Taken together, these results suggest that PACAP causes the marked inhibition of CA secretion evoked by stimulation of cholinergic (both nicotinic and muscarinic) receptors as well as by membrane depolarization, indicating that this effect may be mediated by inhibiting influx of extracellular calcium and release in intracellular calcium in the rat adrenomedullary chromaffin cells.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.215-224
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• 2001

Objcetive : Neuropathic pain sometimes arises from a partial peripheral nerve injury. This kind of pain is usually accompanied by spontaneous burning pain, allodynia and hyperalgesia. It has been well known that acupuncture is effective to the pain control from ancient time in Asia. However, it is not clear whether acupuncture can control neuropathic pain. The aim of the present study is to examine if acupuncture stimulation may be effective to the mechanical allodynia in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Methods : To produce neuropathic pain, under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia, the right superior caudal trunk was resected between the S3 and S4 spinal nerves. After the neuropathic surgery, we examined if the animals exhibited the behavioral signs of mechanical allodynia. The mechanical allodynia was assessed by stimulating the tail with von Frey hair (bending force : 2.0g). three or 6 weeks after the neuropathic surgery, acupuncture stimulation was delivered to Houxi (SI 3) as the following parameters (2HZ frequency, 0.07mA intensity and 3msec duration) for 30 minutes. Results : The stimulation of Houxi (SI 3) acupoint relieved the behavioral signs of mechanical allodynia. Conclusion : Our results suggest that acupuncture can control the mechanical allodynia of neuropathic pain.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.18-27
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• 2011

This study was to investigate the positive effects of specially designed trunk-stabilization exercise program on lower extremity balance of elderly with history of leprosy. In this participants, lower extremity functions has been undermined by the development of damage in peripheral nerves. A total of 40 elderly with history of leprosy were divided into 2 groups of equal size ($n_{1,\;2}=20$): a group that participated in the exercise program, and a control group that did not exercise but did continue to engage in normal daily activities (including walking). The exercise group exercised for 60 minutes 2 days a week for 12 weeks. Static balance ability was measured by asking study participants to a one leg standing test: dynamic balancing ability was measured with a tandem walking test and a timed up-and-go test. The participants in the exercise program and the control group were tested before and after completion of the exercise program for comparison, and then divided according to their ability to feel sensory in the soles of their feet into the categories of normal sensory group: group with sensory loss in one foot: and group with sensory loss in both feet. The participants in the exercise program showed a positive, statistically significant difference in static balance compared with the control group (p<.05) as measured using the one leg standing test. Similarly, the participants in dynamic balance (p<.05) as measured using the tandem walking and timed up-and-go tests. Finally, these improvements were related to the severity of sensory loss in the soles of the feet for all study participants.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulatory technique that delivers low-intensity direct current to cortical areas, thereby facilitating or inhibiting spontaneous neuronal activity. This study was designed to investigate changes in various sensory functions after tDCS. We conducted a single-center, single-blinded, randomized trial to determine the effect of a single session of tDCS with the current perception threshold (CPT) in 50 healthy volunteers. Nerve conduction studies were performed in relation to the median sensory and motor nerves on the dominant hand to discriminate peripheral nerve lesions. The subjects received anodal tDCS with 1 mA for 15 minutes under two different conditions, with 25 subjects in each groups: the conditions were as follows tDCS on the primary motor cortex (M1) and sham tDCS on M1. We recorded the parameters of the CPT a with Neurometer$^{(R)}$ at frequencies of 2000, 250, and 5 Hz in the dominant index finger to assess the tactile sense, fast pain and slow pain, respectively. In the test to measure CPT values of the M1 in the tDCS group, the values of the distal part of the distal interphalangeal joint of the second finger statistically increased in all of 2000 Hz (p=.000), 250 Hz (p=.002), and 5 Hz (p=.008). However, the values of the sham tDCS group decreased in all of 2000 Hz (p=.285), 250 Hz (p=.552), and 5 Hz (p=.062), and were not statistically significant. These results show that M1 anodal tDCS can modulate sensory perception and pain thresholds in healthy adult volunteers. The study suggests that tDCS may be a useful strategy for treating central neurogenic pain in rehabilitation medicine.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.195-201
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• 1996

Endotoxic shock causes death in humans and animals via extreme hypoperfusion of peripheral organs. A massive production of nitric oxide (NO) both from the endothelical cells and smooth muscle cells has been proposed as a possible mechanism in this process. Since NO attenuated the contractility to vasoconstricting agents such as norepinephrine (NE) by directly acting on the smooth muscle cells, this mechanism was considered mainly as a postsynaptic mechanism. In this research it was investigated whether NO, thus released, also participates in the presynaptic events for the regulation of vascular tone in endotoxic shock. The role of NO was studied by adding NO donors or NO synthase inhibitor $N^\omega $methyl-L-arginine (NMA) in stimulated sympathetic nerves of the mesenteric vascular bed and the Langendorff heart of rats. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor, reduced the pressor responses of isolated mesenteric artery either to electrical stimulation or exogenously administered phenylephrine (PE). In this mesentery, although neither agent influenced NE release, in the presence of the adrenergic $\alpha_2$-receptor antagonist yohimbine, elecrical stimulation-evoked NE release was augumented by SNP. In the heart SNP facilitated the NE release induced by electrical stimulation, while NMA had no effect. From these results it is proposed that there exists a local reflex phenomenon in the junction between the sympathetic nerve terminals and the smooth muscle of resistance blood vessels; by which sympathetic responses are reduced by NO at the postjunctional level while NO facilitates NE release contributing to augumentation of sympathetic tone. All these facts suggest that NO produced during endotoxic shock has dual effects: whereas NO blunts the vasoconstrictive activity of NE at the postsynaptic level, NO presynaptically facilitates the release of NE from sympathetic nerve terminals.

• Clinical Pain
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.127-130
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• 2021

Ultrasound (US)-guided hydrodissection (HD) is a widely applied therapeutic method to release the entrapped peripheral nerve. However, this therapy has only been studied for the nerve entrapments such as carpal tunnel syndrome, and there are no reports of its effect on direct nerve injuries with incomplete axonal damage. Here, we report a case of direct traumatic injury of a median nerve with incomplete axonal injury in a 28-year-old man. He presented hypoesthesia and weakness along with the median nerve territory of the left hand after a laceration wound of the wrist. The patient underwent a surgical procedure, but did not experience prominent improvement for the next six months. Symptoms improved after we performed the US-guided HD with dextrose. We propose this procedure as one of the new treatment methods for direct axonal injury of nerves including the median nerve.

• BMB Reports
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2024

Cancer progression is driven by genetic mutations, environmental factors, and intricate interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME comprises of diverse cell types, such as cancer cells, immune cells, stromal cells, and neuronal cells. These cells mutually influence each other through various factors, including cytokines, vascular perfusion, and matrix stiffness. In the initial or developmental stage of cancer, neurotrophic factors such as nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor are associated with poor prognosis of various cancers by communicating with cancer cells, immune cells, and peripheral nerves within the TME. Over the past decade, research has been conducted to prevent cancer growth by controlling the activation of neurotrophic factors within tumors, exhibiting a novel attemt in cancer treatment with promising results. More recently, research focusing on controlling cancer growth through regulation of the autonomic nervous system, including the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, has gained significant attention. Sympathetic signaling predominantly promotes tumor progression, while the role of parasympathetic signaling varies among different cancer types. Neurotransmitters released from these signalings can directly or indirectly affect tumor cells or immune cells within the TME. Additionally, sensory nerve significantly promotes cancer progression. In the advanced stage of cancer, cancer-associated cachexia occurs, characterized by tissue wasting and reduced quality of life. This process involves the pathways via brainstem growth and differentiation factor 15-glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor alpha-like signaling and hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin neurons. Our review highlights the critical role of neurotrophic factors as well as central nervous system on the progression of cancer, offering promising avenues for targeted therapeutic strategies.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제82권1호
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• pp.194-200
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• 2021

신경초종은 슈반세포에서 기원하는 양성 종양이며 말초신경집에서 생기는 가장 흔한 종양이다. 신경초종은 신체 어디에서나 발견될 수 있으나, 보통 머리와 목, 그리고 사지의 굽힘 면에서 흔하게 보일 수 있는 종양이다. 췌장은 신경초종이 드물게 생기는 위치이며 적은 수의 증례가 보고되었다. 보고된 신경초종 증례의 약 3분의 2 정도에서 낭성변화를 동반한다. 따라서 적절한 진단과 치료를 위해서는 췌장에서 발견되는 낭성변화를 동반한 고형 종양의 경우 신경초종이 감별진단에 포함되어야 한다. 이에 저자들은 병리학적으로 진단된 낭성변화를 동반한 췌장의 신경초종을 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하고자 한다.