• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.197-201
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• 2001

Purpose: There are variants of gastric cancer assoclated with predominantly peritoneal spread of with haematogenous metastases. Perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy as an adjuvant to surgery is considered as a rational therapeutic modality to prevent peritoneal spread. We evaluated the influence of early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy on the prognosis of resectable advanced gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: From 1990 to 1995, 246 patients with biopsy proven advanced gastric cancer were enrolled in the study. Among them 123 patients received early postoperative intraperitoneal mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil. The survival rate was calculated using by the Kaplan-Meier method and was compared using the log-rank test according to 13 clinico-pathologic factors. Multivariate analysis was performed with the Coxproportional hazards model. Results: Gastric resection plusearly postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy showed an improved survival rate as compared to surgery alone ($54.1\%\;versus\;40.3\%;$ P=0.0325). Depth of tumor invasion, degree of regional lymph vode metastasis, distant metastasis, tumor size, tumor location, extent of gastric resection, and curability of surgery significantly influenced survival. When a multivariate analysis was performed, depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy, curability of surgery, and extent of gastric resection emerged as the statistically significant and independent prognostic factors. Conlusion: Early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy is one of the independent prognostic indicators of resectable advanced gastric cancer.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.148-156
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• 2019

Esophagogastric junction (EGJ) cancer is a solid tumor entity with rapidly increasing incidence in the Western countries. Given the high proportion of advanced cancers in the West, treatment strategies routinely employed include surgery and chemotherapy perioperatively, and chemoradiation in neoadjuvant settings. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation and perioperative chemotherapy are mostly performed in esophageal cancer that extends to the EGJ and gastric as well as EGJ cancers, respectively. Recent trials have tried to combine both strategies in a perioperative context, which might have beneficial outcomes, especially in patients with EGJ cancer. However, it is difficult to recruit patients for trials, exclusively for EGJ cancers; therefore, the results have to be carefully reviewed before establishing a standard protocol. Trastuzumab was the first drug for targeted therapy that was positively evaluated for this tumor entity, and there are several ongoing trials investigating more targeted drugs in order to customize effective therapies based on tissue characteristics. The current study reviews the multimodal treatment concept for EGJ cancers in the West and summarizes the latest reports.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2013

Surgery is still considered to be the mainstay for the treatment of localized gastric cancer with negative margins (R0-resection) and an adequate lymph-node-dissection (D2-lymphadenectomy). Unfortunately, most cases of gastric cancer are only diagnosed at an advanced stage due to frequent recurrences after primary resection in curative intent. In order to improve prognosis after curative resection, in the recent past, patients with locally advanced tumors were subjected to a pre-, peri-, or postoperative treatment. Interestingly, postoperative chemotherapy has significantly improved survival after gastric resection in Asia, adjuvant radiochemotherapy is favored in North America and perioperative chemotherapy is considered as a treatment of choice in Europe indicating region specific approach towards the treatment. Recently there has also been growing evidence of positive outcomes of neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy on patient survival. In the present article, we discuss the concepts of neoadjuvant treatment approach and provide recommendations to surgeons based on current evidence.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.65-69
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• 2008

위암은 치료에 있어서 조기 발견을 통한 수술 등에 의해서 치료율이 향상되었지만 조기 위암을 제외하고는 치료성적이 정체되고 있는 실정이다. 진단 당시 아직도 많은 환자들이 처음부터 수술이 어렵거나 수술이 가능하더라도 치료 후에 재발 등으로 인하여 예후가 좋지 않다. 이를 볼 때 위암의 치료에 수술 이외의 부가적인 치료가 필요하다고 보고 치료율 향상을 위한 많은 시도가 시행되어 왔다. 특히 다른 고형 암에서의 좋은 결과와 수술 전 항암 화학요법 치료의 이론적인 잇점으로 인하여 많은 기대를 가지게 하였으나 현재까지의 연구 결과 만을 볼 때는 그리 희망적이지 않다. 기존의 대부분의 연구가 2상 연구로 의미있는 결과를 유추하는데 문제점이 있고 3상 연구로 발표된 몇몇 연구는 드물기도 하지만 이를 수술 전 항암 항암화학 요법의 효과로 받아들이는 데는 문제가 많다. 순수하게 수술 전 항암 화학 요법 치료를 한 연구에서는 오히려 기대와 상반된 결과를 보이고 있다. 그러므로 현재까지의 연구 결과를 가지고 판단한다면 수술 전 항암 화학 요법의 치료는 임상 시험 범주 내에서 시행되어야 하며 임상에서 환자에게 권할 수 있는 하나의 표준 치료가 되기 위해서는 좀 더 연구가 필요하다. 현재까지의 비관적인 결과는 약제의 선택에 있어서 문제가 있으며 추후 신약 등을 포함한 약제를 이용한 연구가 필요한 실정이다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2004

Purpose: There is no established treatment-related prognostic factor for gastric cancer except a curative tumor resection. This study was done to clarify the prognostic value of early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (EPIC) in patients with serosa-positive gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: We analyzed retrospectively the postoperative survival data of 209 patients with serosapositive gastric cancer treated by surgery and chemotherapy. The survival period for patients was calculated from the date of resection until cancer-related death or the last date of follow-up; Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted and compared by using the log-rank test. A multivariate analysis was done by using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Statistically significant differences in survival rates were noted based on gender, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, stage, location of tumor, macroscopic type, extent of gastric resection, curability of surgery, and adjuvant chemotherapy. Five-year survival rates of patients who received EPIC and systemic chemotherapy were 49 per cent and 25 per cent, respectively (P=0.009). A multivariate analysis revealed that invasion of an adjacent organ, lymph node metastasis, total gastrectomy, and palliative surgery were poor independent prognostic factors. Also, EPIC had a marginal prognostic value (P=0.056). Conclusion: Perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy can possibly be one of the independent prognostic indicators in case of serosa-positive gastric cancer. (J Korean Gastric Cancer Assoc 2004;4:89-94)

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.3-23
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• 2022

Countries differ in their treatment expertise and research results regarding gastric cancer; hence, treatment guidelines are diverse based on evidence and medical situations. A comprehensive and comparative review of each country's guidelines is imperative to understand the similarities and differences among countries. We reviewed and compared five gastric cancer treatment guidelines in terms of endoscopic, surgical, perioperative, and palliative systemic treatment based on evidence levels and recommendation grades, as well as the postoperative follow-up strategies for each guideline. The Korean, Chinese, and European guidelines provided evidence and grading of the recommendations. The United States guidelines suggested categories for evidence and consensus. The Japanese guidelines suggested evidence and recommendations only for systemic treatment. The Korean and Japanese guidelines described endoscopic treatment, surgery, and lymphadenectomy in detail. The Chinese, United States, and European guidelines more intensively considered perioperative chemotherapy. In particular, the indications for chemotherapy and the regimens recommended by each guideline differed slightly. Considering their medical situations, each guideline had some diversity in terms of adopting evidence, which resulted in heterogeneous recommendations. This review will help medical personnel to comprehensively understand the diversity in gastric cancer treatment guidelines for each country in terms of evidence and recommendations.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.183-192
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• 2019

Purpose: Due to adverse events, dose reduction or withdrawal of adjuvant chemotherapy is required for some patients. To identify the predictive factors for tolerability to postoperative adjuvant S-1 monotherapy in gastric cancer (GC) patients, we evaluated the predictive values of blood indicators. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 98 patients with pStage II/III GC who underwent postoperative adjuvant S-1 monotherapy. We retrospectively analyzed correlations between 14 parameters obtained from perioperative routine blood tests to assess their influence on the withdrawal of postoperative adjuvant S-1 monotherapy, within 6 months after discontinuation. Results: Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy was discontinued in 21 patients (21.4%) within 6 months. Univariable analysis revealed that high preoperative albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) scores had the highest odds ratio (OR) for predicting the failure of adjuvant S-1 chemotherapy (OR, 6.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.08-20.1; cutoff value, -2.696). The high ALBI group had a significantly shorter time to failure of postoperative adjuvant S-1monotherapy (hazard ratio, 3.48; 95% CI, 1.69-7.25; P=0.001). Multivariable analysis identified high preoperative ALBI score as an independent prognostic factor for tolerability (OR, 10.3; 95% CI, 2.33-45.8; P=0.002). Conclusions: Preoperative ALBI shows promise as an indicator associated with the tolerability of adjuvant S-1 monotherapy in patients with pStage II/III GC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권13호
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• pp.5195-5200
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• 2014

Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze our series of liver resections for metastatic colorectal carcinoma (mCRC) to determine prognostic factors affecting survival and to evaluate the potential roles of neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: Ninety-nine patients who underwent metastasectomy for liver metastases due to colorectal cancer at the Department of Medical Oncology, 9 Eylul University Hospital between 1996 and 2010 were evaluated in this study. The patients were followed through July 2013. Demographic, perioperative, laboratory, radiological and chemotherapy as well as survival data were obtained by retrospective chart review. Results: In 47 (47.5%) patients, liver metastases were unresectable at initial evaluation; the remaining 52 (52.5%) patients exhibited resectable liver metastases. Simultaneous hepatic resection was applied to 52 (35.4%) patients with synchronous metastasis, whereas 5 (64.5%) patients underwent hepatic resection after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Forty-two patients with metachronous metastasis underwent hepatic resection following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. R0 resection was obtained in 79 (79.8%) patients. A second hepatectomy was performed in 22 (23.2%) patients. Adjuvant chemotherapy was given to 85 (85.9%) patients after metastasectomy. The median disease-free and overall survivals after initial metastasectomy were 12 and 37 months, respectively, the 1-year, 3-year and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates being 46.5%, 24.3% and 17.9%and 92.3%, 59.0% and 39.0%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, the primary tumor site, tumor differentiation, resection margin and DFS were independent factors predicting better overall survival. Conclusions: In selected cases, hepatic metastasectomy for mCRC to the liver can result in long-term survival. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy did not exert a positive effect on DFS or OS. Adjuvant chemotherapy also did not appear to impact DFS and OS.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2019

The incidence of esophagogastric junction (EGJ) cancer has been significantly increasing in Western countries. Appropriate planning for surgical therapy requires a reliable classification of EGJ cancers with respect to their exact location. Clinically, the most accepted classification of EGJ cancers is "adenocarcinoma of the EGJ" (AEG or "Siewert"), which divides tumor center localization into AEG type I (distal esophagus), AEG type II ("true junction"), and AEG type III (subcardial stomach). Treatment strategies in western countries routinely employ perioperative chemotherapy or neoadjuvant chemoradiation for cases of locally advanced cancers. The standard surgical treatment strategies are esophagectomy for AEG type I and gastrectomy for AEG type III cancers. For "true junctional cancers," i.e., AEG type II, whether the extension of resection in the oral or aboral direction represents the most effective surgical therapy remains debatable. This article reviews the history of surgical EGJ cancer treatment and current surgical strategies from a Western perspective.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.64-67
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• 2014

식도암은 다른 암종에 비해서 예후가 좋지 못하며, 최근 외과적 수술의 근치적 절제율의 발달과 항암화학방사선동시요법이 효과적이라는 보고들은 있으나, 진행성 식도암의 경우에 있어서는 부분관해에 이르는 것이 대부분이며, 한계가 있는 것이 사실이다. 저자들은 80세 남자가 한 달 전부터 발생한 연하곤란을 주소로 내원하였으며, 식도암 및 암종의 주기관지로의 함입, 다발성의 전이성 림프절 비대를 보여 진행성 식도암으로 진단을 받았다. 그러나 환자가 고령이라는 점, 전신상태가 좋지 못한 점, 식도암이 주기관지까지 함입되어 있어 방사선치료 후 누공이 발생할 가능성 등을 염두하여 고식적인 항암화학요법만을 시행하였으나, 총 6차에 걸친 항암화학요법 후에 완전 관해에 이른 드문 증례를 경험하였다.