• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.743-752
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• 2020

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to investigate the distribution and level of periodontopathic bacteria with the general characteristics and oral health condition of the elderly. Methods: A total of 335 elderly individuals aged 65 years or older who lived in Ganghwa-gun, Incheon, were included in the study. Oral examination, investigation through a questionnaire, and collection of saliva were carried out. The collected saliva was analyzed for the distribution and levels of bacteria (red and orange complex bacteria) by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square test, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation coefficient with SAS statistical software version 9.4. Results: Among the general characteristics, there were significant differences in the distribution of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Parvimonas micra depending on sex, age, and dental visits (p<0.05). The number of remaining teeth and denture use were related to the distribution of periodontopathic bacteria, except T. denticola (p<0.05). Additionally, periodontitis was related to the distribution of P. gingivalis (p<0.05). As the number of remaining teeth increased, the copy number of red and orange complex bacteria also increased (p<0.05). Those individuals who did not use dentures and had periodontal disease had more periodontopathic bacteria (p<0.05). Conclusions: The distribution and copy number of periodontopathic bacteria in the elderly were more related to oral health condition than to general characteristics. In particular, the distribution and copy number of periodontopathic bacteria were higher in subjects with multiple remaining teeth, no dentures, and periodontal disease.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.52-56
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of carvacrol against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria and its cytotoxicity in human oral tissue cells. We tested their antibacterial properties against mutans streptococci and five major periodontopathic bacterial species involved in periodontal disease. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The cell viability of carvacrol on normal human gingival fibroblast (NHGF) cells was tested by metyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. The data showed that carvacrol had remarkable antimicrobial effect on tested bacteria with a MIC and MBC values ranged from 16 to $128{\mu}g/ml$ and from 32 to $128{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. In cell toxicity studies, carvacrol had significantly decreased cell viability when NHGF cells were treated at $128{\mu}g/ml$. These findings suggest that carvacrol has a strong antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria. However, in order to use it as a component of gargling solution or toothpaste, its concentration should be below $64{\mu}g/ml$ and other compounds having an antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria should be used together.

• 대한치주과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.12a
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• pp.97-97
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• 2001

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.191-194
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effects of Australia propolis against cariogenic and periodontopathic bacteria. Antimicrobial activity was determined by evaluating the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). Cell cytotoxicity of propolis extract on normal human gingival fibroblast (HGF-1) cells was observed using the methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. The data indicated that, with the exception of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (KCOM 1306), the MBC values of the propolis strains were 0.25-1% without HGF-1 cell cytotoxicity. These results suggest that propolis can be used to develop oral hygiene products for the prevention of oral infectious disease.

• 대한치주과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.12a
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• pp.92-92
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• 2001

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.457-468
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• 2006

It is widely known that individuals with mental retardation (MR) and Down's syndrome (DS) often develop early onset periodontal diseases. In this study, the prevalence of periodontopathic bacteria in MR persons and DS patients was compared with normal persons. Plaque index and gingival index were measured. Five periodontopathic bacteria, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum were surveyed in subgingival plaque samples by the polymerase chain reaction. Results : 1. Plaque index and gingival index were higher in MR persons group and DS patients group than normal persons group (p<0.05). 2. The prevalence of periodontopathic bacteria in normal persons group were lower than that of MR persons group and DS. Significant differences were observed in the prevalence of P. gingivalis, T. denticola and A. actinomycetemcomitans(P<0.05). 3. Prevalence of P. gingivalis(5.9%) at age 8-10 was lower than other ages in normal persons group, and its prevalence increased with age Prevalence of P. gingivalis, T. denticola and A. actinomycetemcomitans at MR persons group and DS patients group were higher than those of same ages of normal persons group. 4. Plaque index was associated with T. denticola and gingival index was associated with T. denticola and A. actinomycetemcomitans(P<0.05). These results suggested that plaque index, gingival index and prevalence of periodontopathic pathogens, especially P. gingivalis, T. denticola and A actinomycetemcomitans in DS patients group and MR persons group are higher than those of normal persons group.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.292-296
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• 2013

This study utilized an analysis method for detecting six microorganisms, such as Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Campylobacter rectus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythus, Treponema denticola, and Prevotella intermedia, triggering periodontal disease, using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The analysis including internal control was made by dividing the six species into two groups using four fluorescence dyes, and it was verified that there was no interference or cross-reaction between the target species and different kinds of oral microbial species. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted on each microorganism in various samples, such as saliva and the plaque, using the multiplex real-time PCR and comparative analysis between periodontitis patients and healthy people, revealing obvious differences between them.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.561-571
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• 1994

The comparative study on the predominant cultivable periodontopathic bacteria were done 2 weeks after the application of the e-PTFE membrane and collagen membrane in the controlled tissue regeneration procedures. The purpose of the present study also included the antibiotic susceptibility test (ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, clindamycin) of these cultured organisms. 0.1% chlorhexidine mouthwash (10ml twice/day for 6 weeks) and systemic doxycycline (200mg/day for 2 weeks) were administered for supragingival and subgingival plaque control respectively. Four clinical isolates of A.a. from 2 patients were found to be resistant to tetracycline which were susceptible to clindamycin and ciprofloxacin. One isolate of W.r. and two unidcntified microorganisms were resistant only to clindamycin and one isolate of NID BPB and E.c. and two isolates of unidentified microorganisms were resistant only to ciprofloxacin. Overall susceptibility of tested microorganisms to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and clindamycin were 85%, 77% and 89% respectively. The results indicated no significant differences in the percentage of cultivable periodontopathic bacteria between the two membranes, and also the microorganisms resistant to tetracycline after systemic administration of doxycycline turned out to be susceptible to either ciprofloxacin or clindamycin.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.242-255
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• 2019

In this study, we examined the antimicroboal effect against Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Prevotella intermedia which were the bacteria causing the Periodontopathic by using 34 types of natural plant extracts. Therefore, this study measures growth inhibition activity and Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) of a sample extract with the use of organic solvent extracts in order to analyze the antibacterial effect of natural plant extracts on periodontopathic bacteria. Each of the 34 types of natural plant extracts were extracted by using the ethanol, and subsequently, the size of growth inhibition zone(clear zone, ㎜) of respective extracts were measured through the disk diffusion method. As a result, it was found that the growth inhibitory activity was found for A. actinomycetemcomitans, which is the bacteria causing the Periodontitis, in 13 types of natural plant extracts such as Raphanus sativus, Akebia quinata, Paeonia lactiflora, Belamcanda chinensis, Inula britannics, Houttuynia cordata, Forsythia saxatilis, Gentiana macrophylla, Melia azedarach, Scutellaria baicalensis, Coptis chinensis, Phellodendron amurense, Kalopanax Pictus, etc. In the case of P. intermedia, the growth inhibitory activity was found in 13 types of natural plant extracts such as Raphanus sativus, Angelica acutiloba, Akebia quinata, Belamcanda chinensis, Inula britannics, Houttuynia cordata, Cinnamomum cassia, Aster tataricus, Melia azedarach, Scutellaria baicalensis, Coptis chinensis, Phellodendron amurense, Kalopanax Pictus etc. For A. actinomycetemcomitans, anti-bacterial effect was exhibited in Belamcanda chinensis, Cinnamomum cassia, Kalopanax Pictus, Phellodendron amurense, Coptis chinensis. The Coptis chinensis showed the most excellent growth inhibitory activity in all organic solvent fragment, while P. intermedia showed the growth inhibitory activity in Belamcanda chinensis, Cinnamomum cassia, Meliaazedarach, Phellodendron amurense, and Coptis chinensis.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.717-725
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• 2005

It is widely known that individuals with Down's syndrome(DS) often develop early onset severe periodontal diseases. In this study, We examined the prevalence of periodontopathic bacteria in DS patients to compare controls with mental disabilities(MD) The subjects were 27 DS patients (7 to 19 years old) and 27 age-matched controls with MD. Plaque index and gingival index were measured. And 5 pathogens, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum, were surveyed in subgingival plaque samples using a polymerase chain reaction. No significant difference in plaque index and gingival index were observed between the DS and control group. The prevalence in DS was 96.3% for F. nucleatum, 74.1% for T. forsythia, 63.0% for P. gingivalis, 55.6% for A. actinomycetemcomitans. 40.7% for T. denticola. No significant differences were observed in the prevalence of periodontopathic bacterias between the DS and control. Prevalence of P.g(16.7%) at age $7{\sim}10$ is lower than other age group in DS, but its prevalence increased with age. Prevalence of A.a(83.3%) is peak at age $7{\sim}10$ in DS. These results suggest that various periodontopathic pathogens can colo nize in the very early childhood of DS and MD patients. But no significant difference was observed in the prevalence of periodontopathic bacterias between the DS and control.