• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate 1 year cumulative survival rate of implants placed on augmented sinus using Osteon$^{(R)}$, bone graft material and to assess height of the grafted material radiographically. Material and Methods: 10 maxillary sinuses were augmented in 10 patients and 25 implant fixtures were installed simultaneously or after 6 months healing period. The height of the sinus graft material was measured using panoramic images immediately after augmentation and up to 19 months subsequently. Changes in the height of the sinus graft material were calculated with respect to implant length and original sinus wall height. Results: The cumulative survival rate was 100% in all 25 implants. Additionally, normal healing process without any complication was observed in all patients. The mean crown/Implant ratio was 1.25. The mean marginal bone loss was 0.95mm and the mean resorption rate of Osteon$^{(R)}$ was 0.05mm/month. The fastest resorption site of Osteon$^{(R)}$ is the first molar area. The grafted material was well maintained in sinus and decreased slightly over 1 year. Conclusion: In conclusion, It can be suggested that Osteon$^{(R)}$ may have predictable result when it was used as a grafting material for sinus floor augmentation.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.117-132
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bacterial adherence on e-PTFE membrane immersed in whole saliva from subjects with different periodontal status. Experiment involved 3 subject groups: 5 persons with healthy periodontium(probing depth below 3mm and no signs of gingival inflammation including bleeding on probing), 10 patients with gingivitis(probing depth below 3mm and apparent signs of gingival inflammation), and 10 patients with advanced periodontitis(probing depth over 7mm and apparent signs of gingival inflammation). Each disease group was included before and after scaling and root planing treatment. After obtaining whole saliva from each subject, e-PTFE membrane(Gore-Tex periodontal membrane : $GTPM^{(R)}$, W.L. Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, USA) specimens were immersed at room temperature in the saliva aliqouts for 1, 3, 7 days. The weight between pre - and post - immersion in saliva was measured with the analytical balance and the difference was recorded. The specimens were processed for SEM observation. The bacterial adherence on the membrane specimens was evaluated using the scanning electron microscope images. The obtained results were as follows : 1. There was no difference in the weight of bacteria adherent to e-PTFE membrane specimens according to the periodontal status and the immersion periods. 2. As the exposure time to saliva increased, the bacterial adherence to the membrane specimen significantly increased in all groups(P<0.005). 3. As the severity of periodontal disease increased, the bacterial adherence to the membrane specimens significantly increased(p<0.001). 4. After scaling and root planing, the bacterial adherence to the membrane specimens significantly decreased in gingivitis and periodontitis patient group(P<0.001). These results suggest that bacterial contamination on exposed barrier membrane surface be reduced through improvement of periodontal status and oral health environment before and after GTR procedure for the successful outcome.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.76-85
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• 2010

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the modified sinus floor elevation technique described hereafter as a "hybrid technique," in 11 patients with severely resorbed posterior maxillae. Methods: Eleven patients who received 22 implants in the maxillary premolar and molar areas by the hybrid technique were enrolled in this study. A slot-shaped osteotomy for access was prepared on the lateral wall along the lower border of the sinus floor. The Schneiderian membrane was fully reflected through the lateral slot. Following drilling with the membrane protected by a periosteal elevator, the bone was grafted. All implants were placed simultaneously with sinus augmentation. The cumulative success rate was calculated and clinical parameters were recorded. Radiographic measurements were performed. Results: All implants were well maintained at last follow up (cumulative success rate=100%). The mean residual bone height, augmented bone height, crown-to-implant ratio, and marginal bone loss were $4.1{\pm}1.64mm$, $8.76{\pm}1.77mm$, $1.21{\pm}0.34mm$, and $0.34{\pm}0.72mm$, respectively. Conclusions: Simultaneous implant placement with sinus augmentation by hybrid technique showed successful clinical results over a 2-year observation period and may be a reliable modality for reconstruction of a severely resorbed posterior maxilla.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.386-397
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• 2021

Purpose: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are epigenetic post-transcriptional regulators that modulate gene expression and have been identified as biomarkers for several diseases, including cancer. This study aimed to systematically review the relationship between miRNAs and periodontal disease in humans, and to evaluate the potential of miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of disease. Methods: The review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines (reference number CRD42020180683). The MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and SciELO databases were searched for clinical studies conducted in humans investigating periodontal diseases and miRNAs. Expression levels of miRNAs across the different groups were analysed using the collected data. Results: A total of 1,299 references were identified in the initial literature search, and 23 articles were finally included in the review. The study designs were heterogeneous, which prevented a meta-analysis of the data. Most of the studies compared miRNA expression levels between patients with periodontitis and healthy controls. The most widely researched miRNA in periodontal diseases was miR-146a. Most studies reported higher expression levels of miR-146a in patients with periodontitis than in healthy controls. In addition, many studies also focused on identifying target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs that were significantly related to periodontal inflammation. Conclusions: The results of the studies that we analysed are promising, but diagnostic tests are needed to confirm the use of miRNAs as biomarkers to monitor and aid in the early diagnosis of periodontitis in clinical practice.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.765-776
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the oral health statuses pre- and post-insurance using the $5^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data to confirm the effect of scaling insurance after a year. Methods: Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS ver. 21.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). The four years were integrated, and a composite sample analysis was performed. A total of 26,990 people were included in the study before applying for scaling insurance (14,343 persons) or after receiving scaling insurance (12,647 persons). A chi-squared test was performed to compare the demographic characteristics and oral health status of the subjects. The significance level of the statistical test was 0.05. Results: The proportion of patients without implants was high before the provision of scaling insurance once a year, however, the proportion of patients with one or more implants was high (p<0.05) after the provision of scaling insurance once a year. Hemorrhagic periodontal tissues and tartar formation in periodontal tissues were highly prevalent before the provision of scaling insurance once a year, however, healthy periodontal tissues and formation of periodontal pockets were highly prevalent (p<0.05) after the provision of scaling insurance once a year. The decay, missing, and filled teeth index scores were higher before the provision of scaling insurance once a year (p<0.05). Conclusions: The aforementioned results showed that scaling once a year helps prevent or treat periodontal disease. In addition, we confirmed the effect of prevention on periodontal disease and dental caries, therefore, we expect it to develop into a stable policy.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was designed to observe the resorption pattern of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) used for maxillary sinus augmentation over a 3- to 6-year healing period, and to investigate factors affecting the resorption of BCP. Methods: A total of 47 implants placed in 27 sinuses of 22 patients were investigated. All patients had residual bone height less than 5 mm at baseline. The modified Caldwell-Luc approach was used to elevate the maxillary sinus membrane, and the sinus cavity was filled with BCP (70% hydroxyapatite and 30% ${\beta}$-tricalcium phosphate). Implant placement was done simultaneously or in a staged manner. Serial radiographic analysis was performed up to 6 years postoperatively. Results: During the follow-up period, no implant loss was reported. The mean reduced height of the augmented sinus (RHO) was $0.27{\pm}1.08mm$ at 36 months, and $0.89{\pm}1.39mm$ at 72 months postoperatively. Large amounts of graft material (P=0.021) and a long healing period (P=0.035) significantly influenced the amount of RHO. In particular, there was a significant relationship between a healing period longer than 40 months and RHO. Conclusions: BCP can achieve proper dimensional stability with minimal reduction of the graft height in a 3- to 6-year healing period after maxillary sinus augmentation. The healing period and the amount of graft material influenced the resorption of BCP.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.207-217
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyze and visualize the distribution of patients visiting the periodontology department at a dental college hospital, using a geographic information system (GIS) to utilize these data in patient care and treatment planning, which may help to assess the risk and prevent periodontal diseases. Methods: Basic patient information data were obtained from Dankook University Dental Hospital, including the unit number, gender, date of birth, and address, down to the dong (neighborhood) administrative district unit, of 306,656 patients who visited the hospital between 2007 and 2014. The data of only 26,457 patients who visited the periodontology department were included in this analysis. The patient distribution was visualized using GIS. Statistical analyses including multiple regression, logistic regression, and geographically weighted regression were performed using SAS 9.3 and ArcGIS 10.1. Five factors, namely proximity, accessibility, age, gender, and socioeconomic status, were investigated as the explanatory variables of the patient distribution. Results: The visualized patient data showed a nationwide scale of the patient distribution. The mean distance from each patient's regional center to the hospital was $30.94{\pm}29.62km$ and was inversely proportional to the number of patients from the respective regions. The distance from a regional center to the adjacent toll gate had various effects depending on the local distance from the hospital. The average age of the patients was $52.41{\pm}12.97years$. Further, a majority of regions showed a male dominance. Personal income had inconsistent results between analyses. Conclusions: The distribution of patients is significantly affected by the proximity, accessibility, age, gender and socioeconomic status of patients, and the patients visiting the periodontology department travelled farther distances than those visiting the other departments. The underlying reason for this needs to be analyzed further.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.77-87
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• 2022

Purpose: This pilot study assessed the immediate in vivo effect of high peak pulse power neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser monotherapy on selected red/orange complex periodontal pathogens in deep human periodontal pockets. Methods: Twelve adults with severe periodontitis were treated with the Laser-Assisted New Attachment Procedure (LANAP®) surgical protocol, wherein a free-running, digitally pulsed, Nd:YAG dental laser was used as the initial therapeutic step before mechanical root debridement. Using a flexible optical fiber in a handpiece, Nd:YAG laser energy, at a density of 196 J/cm² and a high peak pulse power of 1,333 W/pulse, was directed parallel to untreated tooth root surfaces in sequential coronal-apical passes to clinical periodontal probing depths, for a total applied energy dose of approximately 8-12 joules per millimeter of periodontal probing depth at each periodontal site. Subgingival biofilm specimens were collected from each patient before and immediately after Nd:YAG laser monotherapy from periodontal pockets exhibiting ≥6 mm probing depths and bleeding on probing. Selected red/orange complex periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas micra, and Campylobacter species) were quantified in the subgingival samples using established anaerobic culture techniques. Results: All immediate post-treatment subgingival biofilm specimens continued to yield microbial growth after Nd:YAG laser monotherapy. The mean levels of total cultivable red/orange complex periodontal pathogens per patient significantly decreased from 12.0% pretreatment to 4.9% (a 59.2% decrease) immediately after Nd:YAG laser monotherapy, with 3 (25%) patients rendered culture-negative for all evaluated red/orange complex periodontal pathogens. Conclusions: High peak pulse power Nd:YAG laser monotherapy, used as the initial step in the LANAP® surgical protocol on mature subgingival biofilms, immediately induced significant reductions of nearly 60% in the mean total cultivable red/orange complex periodontal pathogen proportions per patient prior to mechanical root instrumentation and the rest of the LANAP® surgical protocol.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.407-414
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of third molar extraction on the periodontal status of the adjacent second molar. A total of 61 second molars in 31 adult periodontitis patients were examined. Among them, 27 second molars without adjacent third molars were included in the test group, and 34 second molars with third molar were included in the control group. Clinical parameters including plaque index, gingival index, and pocket depth and radiographic bone loss were measured around the second molar both in test and control group. The result showed that: (1) the mean plaque index and gingival index of control group were higher than these of the test group but the difference was not statistically significant, (2) the mean pocket depth of the control group was higher than the test group significantly at distal and buccal surface, (3) radiographic hone loss was greater in control group than test group significantly, (4) in Pearson correlation analysis between the age of extraction and radiographic bone loss in the test group, a positive relationship was shown(p<0.01). Within limitation of this study, it may be concluded that third molar extraction in periodontitis patients showed an improvement in periodontal status in contrast the patients group having third molar, therefore earlier a removal of third molar may minimize radiographic hone loss of the adjacent second molar.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of study was to compare glycemic control using glycated hemoglobin levels ($HbA_{1c}$) in diabetic patients with chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) undergoing scaling and root planing (SRP) with and without systemic doxycycline. Methods: Fifty subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus ($T_2DM$) and CGP receiving antidiabetic therapy were selected for study. The selected subjects were randomly assigned to two groups (test group [TG] and control group [CG]) comprising 25 patients each. The TG received SRP followed by systemic doxycycline. The CG received treatment with SRP only. The periodontal parameters were recorded at baseline (day zero), and every 1 month for 4 months and included probing depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index, gingival index, and $HbA_{1c}$ level were recorded at baseline (day zero) and at the end of 4 months. Results: A statistically significant effect was demonstrated for the periodontal parameters for both the TG and CG. $HbA_{1c}$ values did not show a statistically significant difference in the treatment group as compared to the CG. Conclusions: The authors concluded that nonsurgical periodontal therapy improved glycemic control in patients with $T_2DM$ in both groups, but no statistical difference was observed with adjunctive systemic doxycycline therapy. A further study with a larger sample size is required.