• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.456-462
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• 2019

Hydrocarbon contamination is among the most challenging problems in soil remediation. Electrokinetic method can be a promising method to remediate hydrocarbon-contaminated soils. Electrokinetic method consists of different transport phenomena including electro-migration, electrophoresis, and electroosmotic flow. Electroosmotic flow is the main transport phenomenon for hydrocarbon removal in soil porous media. However, the main component of hydrocarbons is the hydrophobic organic which indicates low water solubility; therefore, it makes the electroosmotic flow less effective. The objective of the present study is to enhance electrokinetic remediation of diesel-contaminated silty sand by increasing the solubility of the hydrocarbons in the soil and then increase the efficiency. For this purpose, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was used as a catholyte. In this content, SDS 0.05 M was used as catholyte and $Na_2SO_4$ 0.1 M was used as an anolyte. Low (1 V/cm) and high (2 V/cm) voltage gradients were used in periodic and continuous forms. The best removal efficiency was observed for high voltage gradient (2 V/cm) in a periodic form, which was 63.86. This result showed that a combination of periodic voltage application in addition to the employment of SDS is an effective method for hydrocarbon removal from low permeable sand.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1515-1526
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• 2019

Ear-piercing high-frequency noise from electromagnetic vibrations in motors has become unacceptable in sensitive environments, due to the application of pulse width modulation (PWM) and in consideration of switching losses. This paper proposed a synchronous periodic frequency modulation (SPFM) method based on the interleaving technique for paralleled three-phase voltage source inverters (VSIs) to eliminate PWM vibration noise. The proposed SPFM technique is able to effectively remove unpleasant high-frequency vibration noise as well as acoustic noise more effectively than the conventional periodic carrier frequency modulation (PCFM) and interleaving technique. It completely eliminates the vibration noise near odd-order carrier frequencies and reduces the PWM vibration noise near even-order carrier frequencies depending on the switching frequency variation range. Furthermore, the SPFM method is simple to implement and does not employ additional circuits in the drive system. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method has been confirmed by detailed experimental results.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.277-280
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• 2004

The distributions of electric field and induced second-order nonlinearity are analyzed in the periodic poling of optical fibers. A quasi-phase matching efficiency for the induced nonlinearity is calculated in terms of both the electrode separation distance between the applied voltage and generalized electrode width for the periodic poling. Our analysis of the quasi-phase matching efficiency implies that the conversion efficiency can be enhanced through adjusting the separation distance, and the electrode width can be maximized if the electrode width is optimized.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.866-874
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• 2006

본 논문은 비주기 태스크에 대한 저전력 스케줄링을 달성하기 위한 새로운 동적 전압 조절(DVS) 알고리즘을 제안한다. 비주기 태스크는 주기(period)가 없고 발생시간(release time)과 최악실행시간(WCET) 예측이 불가능하기 때문에 기존의 DVS 알고리즘으로 스케줄링 할 수 없으므로 전력소모가 많이 발생하는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 일정한 크기의 주기와 최악수행시간을 갖는 주기적인 가상태스크를 정의하고, 발생한 비주기 태스크를 가상태스크에 할당하여 이미 존재하는 주기 태스크들과 함에 DVS 스케줄링을 수행하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 가상태스크의 주기와 최악수행 시간은 이미 존재하는 주기태스크들과 가상태스크를 모두 포함한 태스크 활용률을 계산하여, 그 값이 1에 가장 근접하는 값으로 설정한다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 기존의 주기 태스크에 대한 DVS 알고리즘보다 11%의 전력 감소 효과가 있음을 시뮬레이션을 통해 확인하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.83-93
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 주기적으로 생성(release)되는 주기성 태스크(Periodic Task)들과 산발적으로 생성되는 산발성 태스크(Sporadic Task)들이 혼합된 실시간 시스템을 위한 전력관리 스케줄링 기법을 제안한다. 각각의 태스크는 최소주기, 최악수행요구시간과 마감시간 등으로 정의된다. 본 논문에서 제안한 동적 전압조정(Dynamic Voltage Scaling : DVS) 알고리즘인 DVSMT(DVS for mixed tasks)는 태스크의 실시간 마감시간을 보장하면서 작업이 종료됐을 때, 수행하는 동안 사용한 사이클 중 다른 태스크들이 할당한 수행 사이클을 자신의 마감시간까지 온라인 상태에서 균등 분배함으로써 공급전압(또한 동작 주파수)을 동적으로 조정한다. 이러한 기법으로 더 많은 에너지를 절감할 수 있다. 제안한 알고리즘은 실시간 운영체제에 쉽게 통합될 수 있기 때문에 제한된 배터리 전력을 이용하는 휴대용 기기 및 센서망 노드 등에 적용할 수 있다. 시뮬레이션 결과들은 DVSMT가 주기성 태스크들로만 구성된 시스템과 주기성 태스크들 및 산발성 태스크들이 혼합된 시스템에서 기존의 알고리즘보다 대략 60% 까지 에너지가 절감됨을 보였다.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.366-375
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• 2005

Ti 확산 리튬나오베이트 채널 광도파로의 z-축 분극을 주기적으로 $180^{\circ}$ 위상 변화시키는 Ti:PPLN 제작 공정을 검토하고, 개선하였다. 분극반전 공정에 적합한 지그와 Labview 프로그램을 이용하여 전하량 제어시스템을 고안하였다. 분극반전에 필요한 전하량으로부터 분극에 적절한 고전압 펄스와 duty-cycle을 조절하였으며, 분극에 필요한 임계 전압 보다 작은 전압을 인가한 상태에서 누설전류의 변화를 관찰하여 절연파괴 현상을 또한 최소화하였다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 ITC-CSCC -3
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• pp.1622-1625
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• 2002

This paper studies the bifurcation of combinatorial oscillations in coupled Duffing’s circuits when symmetry is broken. The system consists of two periodic farced circuits coupled by a linear resistor, These two periodic external forces are sinusoidal voltage sources with various phase-shift. We investigate the relation between phase-shift and periodic solutions by analyzing many bifurcation diagrams.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.225-232
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• 1995

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) on the contraction of rabbit jugular vein in vitro. PDBu concentrations of greater than 10 nM induced a periodic contraction which was composed of rapid contraction, plateau and slow relaxation. The frequency of periodic contraction increased as PDBu concentration increased. The PDBu-induced contraction was inhibited by staurosporine (100 nM), it was not changed by tetrodotoxin $(1\;{\mu}M).$ In $Ca^{2+}$-free medium, PDBu induced a sustaining contraction, but not periodic contraction. Addition of $Ca^{2+}$ to medium evoked periodic contraction which was inhibited by nifedipine, PDBu concentrations of greater than $0.1\;{\mu}M$ increased ^{45}Ca^{2+}$ uptake without changing $^{45}Ca^{2+}$ efflux. Charybdotoxin and apamin, $Ca^{2+}$-activated K^{+}$ channel blockers, did not affect the PDBu-induced periodic contraction, whereas tetraethylammonium (TEA) abolished the periodicity. Pinacidil $(10\;{\mu}M).$, a potassium channel activator, blocked PDBu induced periodic contraction, which was recovered by glybenclamide $(10\;{\mu}M).$. In high potassium solution, PDBu did not produce the periodic contraction. These results suggest that the PDBu-induced periodicity of contraction is modulated by voltage dependent $Ca^{2+}$ channel and ATP-sensitive $K^{+}$ channel.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.80-87
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• 2002

Tungsten carbide microshaft is used as micro-punch, electrode of MEDM (micro-electro-discharge machining), and micro-tool because it has high hardness and high rigidity. In this study, the tungsten carbide microshaft was fabricated using electrochemical machining. Concentration of material removal at the sharp edge and metal corrosion layer affect the shape of the microshaft. Control of microshaft shape was possib1e through conditioning the machining voltage and electrolyte concentration. By applying periodic voltage, material removal rate increased and surface roughness improved. The fabricated microshaft in $H_2 SO_4$ electrolyte maintained sharper end edge and better surface finish than those fabricated by other electrolytes.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.1264-1273
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• 2015

An inverter output power control based power factor correction (PFC) strategy is being extensively used for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives in appliances because such a strategy can considerably reduce the cost and size of the inverter. In this strategy, PFC circuits are removed and large electrolytic DC-link capacitors are replaced with small film capacitors. In this application, the PMSM d-q axes currents are controlled to produce ripples, the frequency of which is twice that of the AC main voltage, to obtain a high power factor at the AC mains. This process indicates that the PMSM operates under periodic magnetic saturation conditions. This paper proposes a back electromotive-force (back-EMF) estimator for the high-speed sensorless control of PMSM operating under periodic magnetic saturation conditions. The transfer function of the back-EMF estimator is analyzed to examine the effect of the periodic magnetic saturation on the accuracy of the estimated rotor position. A simple compensation method for the estimated position errors caused by the periodic magnetic saturation is also proposed in this paper. The effectiveness of the proposed method is experimentally verified with the use of a PMSM drive for a vacuum cleaner centrifugal fan, wherein the maximum operating speed reaches 30,000 rpm.