• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.183-188
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• 1999

The incidence of Yersinia enterocolitica in raw meat was determined over 10 month period. Y. enterocolitica was isolated from 8.5% of beef, 17.0% of pork and 25.6% of chicken. Overall prevalence of Y. enterocolitica in raw meat was 17.5%. Seasonal difference was observed in isolation rate in which pork and chicken samples collected in the second half of the year twice was more than that of the first half of the year. Serotypes of Y. enterocolitica isolates were O:5 (17.3%), O:8 (8.6%), O:3 (6.2%), O:1,2 (1.2%), and others. The antibiotics susceptibility tests showed Y. enterocolitica isolates were resistant to carbenicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, penicillin and bacitracin. In contrast it showed sensitivity to polymyxin B, kanamycin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline. PCR with specific primers derived from ail gene of Y. enterocolitica was applied to detect and confirm pathogenic Y. enterocolitica. About 10% of the isolated Y. enterocolitica proved to be pathogenic and most of them were found in pork. However, proper cooking and meat process can kill and remove all Y. enterocolitica in meat, because the organism is very sensitive to heat.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.625-629
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• 2008

Background: When it comes to esophageal cancer operations, the prevalence of anastomotic complications that adversely affect quality of life is related to the type of anastomotic procedure and the operative site. We studied outcomes related to a safe anastomotic method used in Ivor Lewis esophagogastrectomy for preventing anastomotic leakage and stricture formation. Material and Method: Between May 2003 and April 2007, 18 patients with esophageal cancer underwent this type of esophagogastrectomy. Four people were lost to follow-up. There were 17 men (94.4%) and 1 woman. The mean patient age was 61 years (range, $46{\sim}73$ years). Result: The mean follow-up period was 17.2 months (range, $1{\sim}45$ months). There was no anastomotic leakage. There was one benign anastomotic stricture (5.6%) requiring esophageal balloon dilatation, which was accomplished with a 25 mm circular stapler. Conclusion: We experienced relatively good postoperative results using a safe anastomotic method in the Ivor lewis operation for preventing anastomotic complications. These results suggest that this anastomotic method is effective in reducing the incidence of benign anastomotic complications.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.171-178
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• 2011

Glycated hemoglobin ($HbA_{1c}$) is a most preferably used baseline of diabetes, implicating average blood glucose levels over a 2-3 month period of time. Recently the American Diabetes Association has recommended the $HbA_{1c}$ assay as one of the criteria for diabetes. Although some studies provide data with "estimated average glucose", by converting the $HbA_{1c}$ results from simple linear regression, the results are not applicable to whole diabetes. We compared the relationship between $HbA_{1c}$ and estimated average glucose by anemia degree of diabetic patients in Korea. The data from the 2008~2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. Analysis was done for 1,257 diabetes subjects with $HbA_{1c}$ results. The distribution of subjects was 34.1% in 60's, 25.9% in 70's, 21,6% in 50's, showing that there was more than 80% in over 50's. To take a close look of the differences depending on the anemic degree, we applied WHO criteria (hemoglobin<13.0 in men and hemoglobin<12.0 in women) and divided anemia degree. The regression equation for A1c and estimated average glucose was $eAG_{mg/dL}=24.3{\times}A1c-32.0$ ($R^2=0.54$, p<0.001) in all subjects, $eAG_{mg/dL}=33.1{\times}A1c-96.1$ ($R^2=0.52$, p<0.001) in slight anemia ($11.0{\leq}$Hb<13.0 in men, $10.0{\leq}$Hb<12.0 in women), and $eAG_{mg/dL}=13.5{\times}A1c+34.9$ ($R^2=0.12$, p =0.075) in moderate anemia (Hb<11.0 in men, Hb<10.0 in women). The regression was not significant in moderate anemia. The relationship between HbA1c and eAG was lower correlation than ADAG study, and eAG showed lower value in all ranges among $HbA_{1c}$ 5~13%. Such as a korea where, there are many diabetic patients among the old aged and higher prevalence rate of anemia, we should be extra careful when we reflect eAG using $HbA_{1c}$ and need to establish criteria which can be applicable to koreans.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 1988

Reviewing the results of the blood cultures performed at Yeungnam University Hospital during 4-year-period through January. 1, 1984 to December 31, 1987, the following results were obtained. 1) Out of 808:3 blood specimens cultured microorganisms grew in 582 specimens with positivity rate of 7.20%. Polymicrobial bacteremia was found in 16 patients. 2) Among 582 positive specimens, Gram-positive cocci grew in 189 specimens, and Gram-negative bacilli, in 393 specimens. Clinically significant microorganisms consisted of 82 Staphylococcus aureus, and 20 Strptococcus species in Gram-positive cocci group, 80 Salmonella typhi, 72 Escherichia coli, 72 Salmonella paratyphi A in Enterobacteriaceae, and 46 Pseudomonas cepacia, and 16 Pseudomonas aeruginosa in glucose non-fermentating microorganisms. 3) Increasing incidence of Serratia, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas species as major nosocomial infection source is noteworthy. They showed increased tendency from 6.3% of 1984 to 17.7% of 1987 of total positive blood cultures. 4) High isolation rate of Pseudomonas species and Aeromonas hydrophilia was noted in summer, while Salmonella typhi showed high prevalence from May to September and in January. 5) In susceptibility tests of isolated organisms, staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to basic antimicrobial agents except for ampicillin. The glucose non-fermentating microorganisms showed high resistance to basic antimicrobial agents in 32.2%. In conclusion, considering the relatively higher incidence of growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis than ideal level indicates that sampling technique should be improved. Secondly, all the hospital staffs in cooperation with Hospital Infection Committee are desirable to pay efforts to decrease the nosocomial infection.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.167-182
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of care-giving stress of dementia elderly on the caregiver's suicidal ideation. In addition, mediating effect of self-efficacy was examined. In order to accomplish these purposes, a total of 336 who are caregivers of dementia elderly using self-report questionnaires. In this study, 325 elderly patients were used for final analysis. Date were analyzed by frequency and descriptive analysis, regression model analysis with SPSS 22.0. The analysis result of dementia elderly caregiver's symptoms showed that prevalence of suicidal ideation were 32.6%. Regression analysis was conducted under the control of dementia elderly's disease period, ratings, general characteristics and age, sex, educational background, occupation status, health status, living standard level of caregivers who were the subject of the survey. As a result, it was confirmed that the care giving stress had a statistically significant effect on suicidal ideation. Also, the self-efficacy of caregivers was found to partial mediate the relationship between care-giving stress and suicidal ideation(***p<.001). Based on this result, I suggested the various policies and the necessity of social welfare intervention to restore the mental health of caregivers of the elderly with dementia.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.519-525
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• 2016

Background: The objective of this study was to report the types and relative frequency of oral malignancies and precancer in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia during the period 2009-2014. Materials and Methods: Pathology reports were retrieved from the archives of Histopathology Department, King Fahd hospital in Jazan. Demographic data on tobacco habits, clinical presentation and histologic grading of oral precancer and cancer cases were transcribed from the files. Results: 303 (42.7%) oral pre-malignant and malignant cases were found out of 714 oral biopsy lesions. A pathology diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma (85.1%) was most frequent, followed by premalignant lesions/epithelial dysplasia (8.6%), verrucous carcinoma (3.3%) and malignancy of other histological types (3%) such as ameloblastic carcinoma, salivary gland malignancy and sarcomas. Oral squamous cell carcinoma was predominant in females with a male to female ratio of 1:1.9. Patient age ranged from 22 to 100 years with a mean of $65{\pm}13.9$. Almost 44.6% of oral cancer had occurred after 65 years of age. Only 16.3% cases were reported in patients younger than 50 years, predominantly females. The majority of female patients had the habit of using shammah with a long duration of usage for more than 45 years. Buccoalveolar mucosa (52.3%) was the common site of involvement followed by tongue/floor of the mouth (47.7%) and clinically presented mostly as ulceration/swelling clinically. Moderately differentiated tumours (53.9%) were common followed by well differentiated (32.2%) and poorly differentiated tumours (5.8%). The prevalence of oral verrucous carcinoma (3.3%) was comparatively low with an equal distribution in both males and females. Both bucco-alveolar mucosa and tongue were predominantly affected. Oral precancer/epithelial dysplasia (8.6%) was common in females with a shammah habit. Bucco-alveolar mucosa was commonly involved and clinically presented mostly as white/red patches. Most cases were mild followed by moderate and severe dysplasia. Tumours of other histological types (3%) include 1 ameloblastic carcinoma, 3 malignant salivary gland tumours and 5 sarcomas. Conclusions: In this study, it was found that oral cancers reported in the pathology service to be a common occurrence. This study reconfirms previous reports of the high burden of oral cancer in this population This indicates that conventional preventive programs focused on oral cancer are in need of revision. In addition, further research into identifying new risk factors and molecular markers for oral cancer are needed for screening high risk individuals.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1471-1475
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• 2014

Background: The epidemiological patterns of cancer incidence have been investigated widely in western countries. Nevertheless, information is quite limited in Jiangxi province, southern China. Materials and Methods: All data were reported by 6 population-based cancer registries in Jiangxi Province. The results were presented as incidence rates of cases by site (ICD-10), sex, crude rate (CR), age-standardized rates (ASRs) and truncated incidence rate (TR) per 100,000 person-years, using the direct method of standardization to the world population. Results: 8,765 new cancer cases were registered in our study during the period 2009-2011. Diagnosis of cancer was based on histopathology in 61.0%, clinical or radiology findings in 4.87% and death certificate only (DCO) in 3.0% of the cases. The median age at diagnosis was 62.0 years (mean, 61; standard deviation, 15). The ASRs were 170.8 per 100,000 for men and 111.2 for women. The ASRs for all invasive cancers from the urban areas (145.7 per 100,000) was higher than that of rural areas (137.1). Incidence rates for lung cancer were higher in rural (35.8) than in urban areas (27.0). Similarly, relatively high rates were observed for stomach cancer in rural (20.1) relative to urban areas (15.5). Conclusions: Our results reveal that the most common cancers were breast and lung in women and lung and liver in men. Interestingly, this study suggested a higher incidence rates for lung and stomach cancer in rural males than in urban population, which may suggest other potential causes, such as over-consumption of smoked meats and high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection, respectively. Public education and the promotion of healthy lifestyles should be actively carried out.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was designed to be used as the basic visual function data after analyzing and investigating the refractive errors variation between city and rural elementary school children. Methods: To compare with city and rural areas, 2501 elementary school children who lived in Mokpo, Yeongam, Muan, Hampyeong were participated. Objective refraction, Subjective refraction and binocular function examinations were measured. Results: Mean of refractive error of rural areas was -1.47 D in 2012 years, -1.52 D in 2013 years, and -1.40 D in 2014 years. However average of refractive error was -1.65 D in 2012 years, -1.76 D in 2013 years and -1.75 D in 2014 years who lives in city areas. Average myopia was showed higher who lives in rural areas elementary school children than city areas elementary school children. There were significant differences between rural areas and city areas elementary school children (p = 0.03), but there were no significant differences by averagre hyperopia (p = 0.32). Average myopia was showed the tendency of increase as the students get older by analysis compare with rural and city areas elementary school children. It also showed high prevalence of myopia who lives in city areas elementary school children compare with lives in rural areas elementary school children. Conclusions: It is the very important to performed regular visual acuity test and correction during the largest refractive change period and it is necessary to have experts in the visual acuity test.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1217-1221
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• 1998

Background: The advent of EEA stapler has lowered the leakage rate of esophagogastric anastomoses and thereby contributed to a decrease in the operative mortality of the easophageal resection. Recent surgical reports, however, have documented 10% to 20% prevalence of benign anastomotic stricture formation after the use of EEA stapler to construct an esophagogastric anastomosis. We analyzed the cases of anastomotic strictures to reduce the incidence of anastomotic strictures with EEA stapled esophagogastrostomy. Material and Method: EEA stapled esophagogastrostomy was performed in 195 parients during the period of over 11 years from Jan. 1986 to Dec. 1996 in Kosin Medical Center. Ten patients of them died in the early postoperative days. In the remaining 185 patients, we studied the incidence and the onset time of anastomotic strictures, relationship between the patients' ages, the anastomotic sites, and the size of the cartridges with incidence of anastomotic stricture. We also studied the method of treatment and its effect in the anastomotic strictures. Result: Benign anastomotic strictures occurred in 39 cases among 185 patients(21%), 25 cases(64.1%) of the 39 cases developed in one to three months postoperatively. The patients' ages and the anastomotic sites did not effect with the incidence of anastomotic stricture, but high incidence of anastomotic stricture in EEA stapled esophagogastrostomy(p=0.04)was observed in small cartridge sizes. One or two balloon dilatation(89%) relieved the anastomotic strictures. Conclusion: We conclude that a larger size cartridge is recommended in EEA stapled esophagogastrostomy to reduce the incidence of anastomotic stricture if possible, and one or two balloon dilatation would seem to be a safe and reliable method in treating anastomotic stricture when the anastomotic stricture was occurrs.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.174-184
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• 2005

For the purpose of investigating the etiologic factors of early childhood caries in 18-month old infants which is an important period in pediatric dentistry, 234 infants of 18-month age and their first care-givers (mothers in most cases) who visited Ilsin Christian Hospital in Busan for the baby-care counseling and vaccination were examined. The oral examination was performed on the infants and their care-givers were individually interviewed about various items, and the data was statistically processed to yield the results as follows : 1. The prevalence rate of early childhood caries was 27.4%. 2. The percentage of the eldest child, the education level of the mother and monthly income were revealed lower in caries group infants. 3. The percentage of prolonged breast-feeding and the frequency of daily nursing was higher in early childhood caries group. 4. In early childhood caries group, the between-meal snacks were tend to be provided irregularly without predetermined time, and sugar containing snacks such as chocolates and candies were ranked in higher order whereas the fruits and milks were in lower ranks. 5. In early childhood caries group, the percentage of those performing the oral hygienic care was lower and the timing to start the toothbrushing was comparatively later. From the above results, it can be concluded that prolonged breast-feeding, poor snack habits and lower socioeconomic status act an important role in early childhood caries in 18-month old infants.