• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3663-3667
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• 2012

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the hepatitis C virus (HCV) are still public health problems in Yemen, with older individuals having much higher prevalence than younger generations. However, research on the prevalence of viral hepatitis in association with hepatocellular cancer (HCC) has not yet been undertaken in Yemen. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV infection among HCC patients and to estimate the risk of these infections being associated with the development of HCC. A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients attending oncology outpatient in Sana'a, Yemen, through the period 2008-mid 2010 with confirmed diagnosis of HCC. A total of 88 cases were studied thoroughly with different investigations such as CT-scan, ultrasound, tumour marker, alpha-feto-protein and histopathological biopsy. A structured questionnaire was also applied and physical examination done to assess the general condition of the patients. Statistical package (SPSS version 16) was used for analysis of the data. The mean age of the cases was 61.2 years (${\pm}12.6$) with half over 60 years. There were fewer male patients (36%) compared to females and most (97%) only had basic /no formal education. Seventy nine (89%) were diagnosed as HCC cases with histopathological biopsy while the rest were diagnosed by ultrasound, CT scan, tumour marker, and alpha-feto-protein. Around one-third of the subjects were positive for HBsAg and HCV antibodies. Multivariate analysis showed infection with HCV and use of smoking was associated with HCC diagnosis. Although an association was observed between the occurrence of HCC and viral hepatitis (either HBV or HCV) and cigarette smoking, but the rate of viral infection was lower than what has been reported elsewhere.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.161-171
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• 1984

An epidemiological study on Metagenimus yokegawai infection was performed in Samcheok-Bun, Kangwon Province during the period from November 1983 to October 1984. Formalin-ether concentration technique and Stoll's dilution egg counting method were employed to figure out the prevalence and infection intensity of M. yrtkogawai infection. The results are summarized as follow: 1. The Prevalence of M. yokogawai infection was 13.3% among 1,172 examined; 18.0% (114 out of 632) in male and 7.8% (42 out of 540) in female. 2. The Prevalence rates were different by stream; 15.5% in Ohsip-chon (stream), 11.8% in Maeup-chon and 1.6% in Gagok-chon. 3. Along the basin of Oship-chon; 8.2% at the lower reaches in Samcheok-eup, 25.9% at the middle reaches in Miro-myon and 6.2% at the upper reaches in Dogeoe-eup, respectively. 4. By age group, the highest fate (18.3∼20.2%) was observed in 30∼49 years of age (male 24.1∼28.7%, female 11.2∼13.2%). 5. By social strata, the positive rate was 15.0% (120 out of 799) in general inhabitants and 9.7% (36 out of 373) in school children. 6. Intensity by EPG count in feces was 419 in average; the light infection (less than 400 EPG) was 70.4%, moderate infection (401∼1,000 EPG) 19.4% and heavy infection (more than 1,001 EPG) 10.25 respectively. 7. All the 67 sweetfish (length 10.3∼18.5cm) which were caught from Ohsip-stream were infected with metacercariae of M. yokogawai and the number of metacercariae detected were 382 per fish in average (323 in June and 382 in September). 8. Experiences of intake of raw fresh-water fish [Plecoglossus altivelis and Leuciscus (Tribolodon〕 were present in 50.3U (354 out of 704) of the inhabitants along Ohsip-stream according to questionnaire study. The results of this survey indicated that the middle reaches of Ohsip-stream in Miro-myon, Samcheok-gun is the endemic region for M. yokogawai infection.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.5245-5249
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• 2012

Background: Opisthorchis viverrini infection is a serious public-health problem in Southeast Asia especially in Lao PDR and Thailand. It is associated with a number of hepatobiliary diseases and the evidence strongly indicates that liver fluke infection is the major etiology of cholangiocarcinoma. Objectives: This study aimed to determine actual levels of Opisthorchis viverrini infection in Nakhon Ratchasima province, Northeast Thailand. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted during a one year period from October 2010 to September 2011. O. viverrini infection was determined using a modified Kato's thick smear technique and socio-demographic data were collected using predesigned semi-structured questionnaires. Results: A total of 1,168 stool samples were obtained from 516 males and 652 females, aged 5-90 years. Stool examination showed that 2.48% were infected with O. viverrini. Males were slightly more likely to be infected than females, but the different was not statistically significant. O. viverrini infection was most frequent in the 51-60 year age group and was found to be positively associated with education and occupation. Positive results were evident in 16 of 32 districts, the highest prevalence being found in Non Daeng with 16.7%, followed by Pra Thai with 11.1%, Kaeng Sanam Nang with 8.33%, and Lam Ta Men Chai (8.33%) districts. Conclusion: This study indicates that O viverrini is still a problem in some areas of Nakhon Ratchasima, the patients in this study bing suitable for the purpose of monitoring projects.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.250-260
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• 2005

This study was designed to find the symptom prevalence rates of musculoskeletal disorders and the risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders among selected hair dressers. Methods; The survey were conducted from July 1 to 30, 2004 for 459 hair dressers working in Seoul and Gwangju using self-administration questionnaire. The risk factors on musculoskeletal disorders have analysed by multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study are summarized as follows: The experience rate of musculoskeletal disorders symptom in the last one year was 56.4%. The experience rates of each body parts were 36.4% on the shoulders, 30.5% on the legs and the feet, 28.5% on the low back, 27.0% on the hand and the fingers, 23.3% on the neck and 17.0% on the arms and the elbows. The prevalence rate of musculoskeletal disorders symptom in the last one week was 40.5%, those of each body parts were 24.0% on the legs and the feet, 21.4% on the shoulders, 20.7% on the low back, 15.7% on the hand and the wrists, 15.0% on the neck, 9.4% on the arms. The risk factors on musculoskeletal disorders were working posture(${\beta}=0.32$), perceived stress(${\beta}=0.19$), working period(${\beta}=0.16$), standing working over 10 hour(${\beta}=0.16$), hard working(${\beta}=0.11$). The adjusted determinant coefficient($R^2$) of this regression model was 0.267. Based on the results, in order to prevent musculoskeletal disorders of hair dressers, working posture shall be improved and leisure opportunities to relieve stress, and health management program shall be provided.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.185-194
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• 2016

Background: The purpose of this study is to forecast changes in the prevalence of chronic diseases and health expenditure by age group. Methods: Based on the Future Elderly Model, this study projects the size of Korean population, the prevalence of chronic diseases, and health expenditure over the 2014-2040 period using two waves (2012, 2013) of the Korea Health Panel and National Health Insurance Service database. Results: First, the prevalence of chronic diseases increases by 2040. The population with hypertension increases 2.04 times; the diabetes increases 2.43 times; and the cancer increases 3.38 times. Second, health expenditure on chronic diseases increases as well. Health expenditure on hypertension increases 4.33 times (1,098,753 million won in 2014 to 4,760,811 million won in 2040); diabetes increases 5.34 times (792,444 million won in 2014 to 4,232,714 million won in 2040); and cancer increases 6.09 times (4,396,223 million won in 2014 to 26,776,724 million won in 2040). Third, men and women who belong to the early middle-aged group (44-55 years old) as of 2014, have the highest increase rate in health spending. Conclusion: Most Korean literature on health expenditure estimation employs a macro-simulation approach and does not fully take into account personal characteristics and behaviors. Thus, this study aims to benefit medical administrators and policy makers to frame effective and targeted health policies by analyzing personal-level data with a microsimulation model and providing health expenditure projections by age group.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 2006-2008년 남해안 일대의 해상가두리에서 사육중인 능성어에서 발생하는 viral nervous necrosis (VNN)의 발생양상을 조사하였다. VNN은 사육 수온이 $24-26^{\circ}C$ 범위인 8월부터 발생하기 시작하여 수온이 $20-25^{\circ}C$ 범위인 9-10월까지 지속되었고, 성어보다는 치어에서 폐사율이 높게 나타나는 것으로 확인되었다. 폐사되는 패턴으로는 급성으로 인한 대량폐사와 소량으로 지속적으로 폐사되는 경우가 확인되었다. 능성어로부터 분리된 NNV 분리주들의 coat protein gene을 계통분석한 결과, 분리주들은 모두 RGNNV 유전자형에 속하였다. 이상의 결과로 능성어 양식장에서의 VNN은 RGNNV type의 NNV에 의해 여름철 7-9월(사육수온: 약 $24^{\circ}C$)에 치어뿐만 아니라 성어에서 발생하는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.75-85
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• 1995

An indirect immunofluorescent antibody test was applied to survey the antibody prevalence on five canine viruses including canine distempervirus(CDV), canine parvovirus(CPV), canine coronavirus(CCV), canine adenovirus type-2(CAV-2), canine parainfluenzavirus(CPIV) in dogs. The period studied was from October 1992 to June 1993. A total of 80 dog sera was collected from veterinary clinics in Kwangju and Seoul, and examined for the presence of virus antibodies. Immunofluorescent antibodies(IFA) to all viruses were present in a high percentage of 80 sera tested. Seventyfive(93.8%) showed detectable IFA against CPV, 67(83.8%) against CDV, 51(63.8%) against CCV, 42(52.5%) against CPIV and 34(42.5%) against CAV-2. These suggested that all viruses were endemic in the communities. IFA levels against each virus were also distributed fairly irregularly. IFAs for CDV and CPV were detected more frequently with a relatively high incidence in vaccinated group less than 1 years of age. IFAs for CAV-2 were detected more frequently with growing age. In the correlation of clinical signs and antibody prevalence, dogs that showed hematochezia and vomiting had high titers in the positive sera is noteworthy, particularly for CDV and CPV. The significance between dogs those who had diarrhea, dyspnea and salivation and those viruses were obscure.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.141-143
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• 2005

The preventive effects of calcium gluconate injection and administration of anion feed on occurrence rates of the abomasal displacement and retained placenta were examined from 86 pregnant cows reared in Paju and Goyang cities in Gyunggi Province. The cows were divided into 3 groups: control (30 heads), experimental group I (28 heads) and experimental group II (28 heads), respectively. The control cows were not treated at all. The cows in experimental group I were intravenously injected with calcium gluconate(CMPK, Am. Tech. Canada, 10 g/head). The cows in experimental group II were given with the anion feed (Goyang TMR, Korea, 9 kg/head/day). The occurrence rates of the abomasal displacement in experimental groups were lower than that of control group and experimental group revealed the lowest prevalence rate, however, significance was not detected. The occurrence rate of retained placenta in experimental groups revealed lower prevalence than that of control group and experiment group II showed the lowest prevalence rate(p<0.01). Considering the above findings collectively, it was thought that administration of anion feeds was affective for prevention of the bovine retained placenta during drying milk period.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.56-60
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• 2010

Purpose: The sinus lift procedure requires detailed knowledge of maxillary sinus anatomy and the possible anatomical variations. This study evaluated the location and prevalence of maxillary sinus septa using computed tomography (CT). Methods: This study was based on the analysis of CT images for posterior maxilla which were obtained from patients who visited Chonbuk National University Dental Hospital during the period of June 2007 to December 2008. With the exclusion of cases presenting any pathological changes, 236 maxillary sinuses in 204 patients were retrospectively analyzed. The average age of the patients was 50.9. The cases were divided into two groups, an atrophy/edentulous segment and a non-atrophy/dentate segment, and maxillary sinus septa of less than 2.5 mm were not taken in-to consideration. The location of septa was also divided for analysis into 3 regions: the anterior (1st and 2nd premolar), middle (1st and 2nd molar) and posterior (behind 2ndmolar) regions. Results: In 54 (20.9%) of the 204 patients there were pathologic findings, and those patients were excluded from the analysis. Sinus septa were present in 58 (24.6%) of the 236 maxillary sinuses and in 55 (27%) of the 204 total patients. In the atrophy/ edentulous ridge group (148 maxillary sinuses), 41 cases (27.7%) were found, and 17 cases (19.3%) were found in the non-atrophy/ dentulous ridge group (88 maxillary sinuses). In terms of location, septa were found in 18 cases (27.3%) in the anterior, in 33 cases (50%) in the middle and in 15 cases (22.7%) in the posterior regions. Conclusions: In the posterior maxilla, regardless of type of ridge (atrophy/edentulous or non-atrophy/dentate), the anatomical variation of sinus septa is diverse in its prevalence and location. Thus, accurate information on the maxillary sinus of thepatient is essential and should be clearly understood by the surgeon to prevent possible complications during sinus lifting.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.103-119
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• 2005

1. Objectives The purpose of this research is to find out the Constitutional characters of Stroke inpatients. 2. Methods Stroke inpatients admitted into KyungHee Oriental Medical Center from January 2000 to April 2004, were divided into 2 group, cerebral infarction 493 inpatients and cerebral hemorrhage 83 inpatients. This research investigated the distribution of Sasasng Constitution, the gender, the age decade, the period of admission, the elapse of the time after onset, the course of admission, the frequency of Sasang Constitutional Herb-medicine, the past history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, the obesity, the prevalence rate of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, EKG abnormality and hyperlipidemia. 3. Results & Conclusions The Sasang Constitutional distribution of cerebral infarction 493 inpatients was 0.4% of Taeyangin, Soyangin 34.1%, Taeurnin 56.4%, Soeumin 9.1%. The Sasang Constitutional distribution of cerebral hemorrhage 83 inpatients was Taeyangin 1.2%, Soyangin 47.9%, Taeurnin 43.4%, Soeumin 9.6%. Stroke incidence rate of Taeumin and Soyangin inpatients was high. Sasang Constitution had significant relations with the prevalence of the obesity and hypertension in cerebral infarction inpatients, the prevalence of obesity, diabetes mellitus and ECG abnormality in cerebral hemorrhage inpatients.