• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2008

Purpose : To investigate the actual conditions of diagnosis and treatment of oral medicine inpatient with systemic disease. Methods : A total of 110 subjects, inpatient due to systemic disease for diagnosis and treatment of oral disease was requested to answer the medical history and dental treatment record. Results : Systemic disease is composed of Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus 26%, Cerebral infarction 25.2%, Intracerebral hemorrhage, Polyarthrosis, Coxarthrosis 4.7%, Nerve root and plexus disorders, Hypertensive heart and renal diseases, Ankylosing spondylitis 2.4%. Chief complain of oral disease is composed of toothache 28.6%, routine check 23%, tooth mobility 8.7%, hypersensitivity 7.1%, periodontal bleeding 6.4%. Oral disease is composed of Gingivitis and periodontal diseases 28.9%, Dental caries 17.1%, Diseases of pulp and periapical tissues 15.1%, Diseases of salivary glands 10.5%, Other diseases of hard tissues of teeth 8.6%, Within Normal Limit 5.3%. Treatment of oral disease is composed of periodontal treatment 17.95%, rejection of treatment 16.67%, medication for halitosis & dry mouth 13.46%, extraction 12.18%, prosthetic treatment 8.97%. Chief complain in oral medicine is composed of oral soft tissue problem 6.4%, craniomandibular disorders 5.6%, halitosis 4%, total 16%. Conclusion : These findings indicate that inpatient due to the systemic disease is significantly correlated to the oral disease. The patients of oral disease interrelationship between inpatient and outpatient of systemic disease should be validated by future research.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.186-195
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• 2018

Purpose: We performed quantitative and qualitative analysis of typical periodontal bacteria using real time PCR method to investigate the microbiological difference according to the severity of peri-implant disease in Koreans. Materials and Methods: Total of 60 implants were divided into three groups (healthy group, peri-implant mucositis group, peri-implantitis group) through periapical radiographs and clinical indices. The evaluated clinical parameters were pocket depth, plaque index, suppuration and bleeding on probing. Using a sterilized curette instrument, microbial samples were collected from the subgingival plaque and real-time PCR was performed on five periodontal bacteria. The relative expression levels of microorganisms were compared by comparative delta-CT method. Results: The relative expression levels of E. corrodens and T. denticola were significantly higher in the peri-implantitis group (P < 0.017). On the other hand, the relative expression level of F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis was relatively high in the healthy implant group regardless of the severity of disease. P. intermedia was significantly lower in the healthy implant group (P < 0.017). Conclusion: Periodontal bacteria were detected in Koreans with peri-implant diseases, but there was no microbiological distribution similar to periodontitis.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.136-143
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• 2008

Infections involved with the oral and maxillofacial area are associated with various anatomical structures. If the proper treatment is not done in an immediate period, the infections will be quite fatal. The causes of the infections are numerous, but the most common cause of odontogenic infections in children is a dental caries. It is known to lead to some kinds of diseases such as periapical abscess, cellulitis, osteomyelitis, Ludwig's angina, toxic shock syndrome and so on. The common pathogenic sequence of fascial abscess is a necrotic pulpal inflammation in the form of dentoalvelor abscess which spreads over and gradually penetrates into the fascial membranes through the cortical bones and finally contracts the potential fascial spaces. If the infections of oral maxillofacial area were penetrated into the surrounding soft tissues, then they would diffuse into the directions of the least tissue resistance along with the connective tissues and the fascial spaces. These infections can be properly cured by tooth extraction, endodontic therapy, surgical treatment including Incision & drainage and antibiotics. The purpose of the cases is to report the satisfactory treatment results in the patients derived from the canine fascial space abscesss or buccal fascial space ones of the odontogenic origin.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.419-429
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• 2000

Prevotella intermedia has been implicated as a potent pathogen in many kinds of periodontal, pulpal and periapical diseases. However, it has been isolated from periodontally healthy adults and from edentulous children as well. The intraspecies heterogeneity of Prevotella intermedia has been demonstrated in early studies and finally Shah & Gharbia confirmed the existence of 2 DNA homology groups and proposed dividing Prevotella intermedia into 2 species, Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens. This study was designed to examine the frequency of Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens in diseased periodontal pockets and healthy gingival sulcus of Korean people by PCR based on 16s ribosomal DNA sequence. One hundred adults who had adult periodontitis but not taken any periodontal treatment or antibiotics during previous 6 months and 50 adults who had healthy periodontal tissue were selected for this study. The sulcular fluid was collected into VMGA by sterilized paper point and diluted to 1,000 times in anaerobic chamber. $100{\mu}{\ell}$ of sample was cultured in $37^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. Among the bacterial colonies, BPB were selected and cultured in BHI broth and then Prevotella intermedia was identified through Gram staining and biochemical test. Identified Prevotella intermedia was cultured again and centrifuged. DNA was extracted from the pellet using several reagents. PCR was performed by previously designed primer. The results were followed. 1. BPB were isolated from 39 of 100 samples of diseased periodontal pockets(39%). 2. Prevotella intermedia was identified from 24 of 39 BPB samples. 3. Among 24 Prevotella intermedia, 21 were confirmed as Prevotella inter - media(87.5) and 2 were confirmed as Prevotella nigrescens(8.33%). 4. BPB were isolated from 9 of 50 samples of periodontally healthy patients. Among them only two were identified as Prevotella intermedia, that is, one was confirmed as Prevotella intermedia and the other was Prevotella nigrescens.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2005

Purpose : To investigate the change of bone healing process after endodontic treatment of the tooth with an apical lesion by fractal analysis. Materials and Methods Radiographic images of 35 teeth from 33 patients taken on first diagnosis, 6 months, and 1 year after endodontic treatment were selected. Radiographic images were taken by JUPITER Computerized Dental X-ray $System^{(R)}$. Fractal dimensions were calculated three times at each area by Scion Image $PC^{(R)}$ program. Rectangular region of interest $(30\times30)$ were selected at apical lesion and normal apex of each image. Results : The fractal dimension at apical lesion of first diagnosis $(L_0)$ is $0.940{\pm}0.361$ and that of normal area $(N_0)$ is $1.186{\pm}0.727(p<0.05)$. Fractal dimension at apical lesion of 6 months after endodontic treatment $(L_1)$ is $1.076{\pm}0.069$ and that of normal area $ (N_1)$ is $1.192{\pm}0.055(p<0.05)$. Fractal dimension at apical lesion of 1 year after endodontic treatment $(L_2)$ is $1.163{\pm}0.074$ and that of normal area $(N_2)$ is $1.225{\pm}0.079(p<0.05)$. After endodontic treatment, the fractal dimensions at each apical lesions depending on time showed statistically significant difference. And there are statistically significant different between normal area and apical lesion on first diagnosis, 6 months after, 1 year after. But the differences were grow smaller as time flows. Conclusion : The evaluation of the prognosis after the endodontic treatment of the apical lesion was estimated by bone regeneration in apical region. Fractal analysis was attempted to overcome the limit of subjective reading, and as a result the change of the bone during the healing process was able to be detected objectively and quantitatively.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 2011

Microorganisms are the main causative factors of pulpal and periapical diseases, therefore successful endodontic treatment is depend on the effective elimination of intracanal bacterial populations. Many studies have been reported antimicrobial effect of Allyl isothiocyanate (AIT) which the principle ingredient of Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) root extracts. The purposes of this study are to evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of Horseradish root extracts against Enterococcus faecalis in root canals of extracted human teeth and compare to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Extracted human mandibular premolar root canals were infected with E. faecalis for 21 days, and then irrigated with Horseradish root extracts, NaOCl solution and saline. After canal irrigation, first samples (S1) were taken. After first sampling, the canals were additionally incubated 7 days, and then second samples (S2) were taken. The samples were inoculated on EHI agar plate to determine the colony forming units (CFU). 1. Mean values of CFU in S1 were $5.815{\times}10^3$ CFU/ml at Horseradish groups, and $3.465{\times}10^3$ CFU/ml at NaOCI groups. There was no statistically significant differences (p=0.086). 2. Mean values of CFU in S2 were $3.100{\times}10^3$ CFU/ml at Horseradish groups, and $5.252{\times}10^5$ CFU/ml at NaOCI groups. There was statistically significant difference (p<.05). 3. There was no statistically significant differences (p=0.076) between S1 and S2 at Horseradish groups in the mean values of CFU. However, there was statistically significant differences (p<.05) between S1 and S2 at NaOCI groups in the mean values of CFU.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.206-216
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• 2022

This study aimed to investigate the frequency of dental visits after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children and adolescents in comparison to that of adults. The data on the number of dental visits on the basis of different classification and treatment codes for all the age groups were provided by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service from January 2017 to December 2020. To reduce the impact of the population change, dental visits per 1000 people was used. After the start of the pandemic, dental visits per 1000 people decreased in all age groups when analyzed for the diseases of pulp and periapical tissues classification code and dental visits per 1000 people decreased over 5 years age groups when analyzed for the pulp treatment code. Regarding the restorative treatment code, visits in the 0 - 19 years age group decreased after the pandemic. Based on the comparison of the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases to that of monthly dental visits by treatment codes, the change rate of pulp and restorative treatments gradually decreased after the waves of the pandemic in February and August 2020 in Korea. Furthermore, dental visits per 1000 people for gingivitis and periodontal disease classification code increased after the pandemic in all age groups. The rate of decrease in dental visits per 1000 people for restorative treatments in children and adolescents was higher than that in adults. The rate of decrease in the number of dental visits for multi-visit pulp treatments showed a rapid decrease as compared to that of 1-visit pulp treatments after the pandemic. This study identified changes in the number of dental visits of children and adolescents after COVID-19 transmission in comparison to that observed in adults.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.97-109
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the risk indicators contributing to implant failure, and analyze the relationship between risk indicators and marginal bone loss (MBL) through long-term follow-up over 3 years. Materials and Methods: From 2003 to 2017, patients' medical charts with a history of dental implant surgery at Chonnam National University Dental Hospital were reviewed retrospectively. The patient's demographic variables, and clinical variables were recorded. Periapical radiographs were used to evaluated the changes in MBL around implants. And we analyzed implant survival rates. Multiple regression analysis with backward elimination was conducted to correlate the patient's clinical variables and implant failure and Pearson correlation analysis was performed to the correlated between implant long-term survival rates and MBL and initial stability. Results: In multiple regression analysis, there was a statistically significant negative correlation between abutment connection type (β = -.189, P < .05), with or without SPT (β = -.163, P < .05), diabetes (β = -.164, P < .05), osteoporosis (β = -.211, P < .05) and MBL. Anticoagulant medication influenced the long-term success rate of implants. PTV values at the second implant surgery showed a statistically significant negative correlation with long-term implant survival (P < .05). Conclusion: For the long-term success of the implant, the appropriate abutment connection type must be selected and the periodic SPT is recommended. Systemic diseases such as diabetes and osteoporosis and anticoagulant medication should be considered. Furthermore, since high PTV at the second implant surgery correlated with the long-term survival rates of the implant, initial stability should be carefully considered before undergoing the prosthetic procedure.