• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.1000-1004
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• 1991

Children`s small airway precludes the use of standard methods of bronchial separation. So, we performed the posterior thoracotomy under the prone position in 3 cases to avoid endobronchial gravity spillage of secretion and infected debris from the diseased lung to the contralateral sound lung. The advantages of the posterior thoracotomy under the prone position was discussed. In two cases, empyema with total collapse of left lung and congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation [CCAM] of right lung, copious secretion was spilled through the endotracheal tube but could be removed successfully by the endotracheal suction. In the third case of bilateral peripleural abscess, bilateral posterior thoractomy was done without position change. All procedures were performed without any technical difficulty and complication.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.311-327
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of diaphragmatic breathing on activation of trunk muscles of patients with low back pain. Diaphragmatic breathing may affect activation of trunk muscles. The assumptions are as follows: the crural diaphragm attatches to the lumbar vertebrae from L1 to L3, the voluntary downward pressurization of the diaphragm increases intra-abdominal pressure, and this increases the stiffness of the spine. Diaphragmatic breathing increases intra-abdominal pressure and the increased intra-abdominal pressure may contribute to the lumbar stability. Sixty patients with low back pain were randomly divided into two groups. Experimental group performed diaphragmatic breathing exercise with six breathing positions and control group performed only the breathing positions for five times per week during six weeks. % maximal voluntary contraction(% MVC) of trunk muscles on six breathing positions of experimental and control group was measured according to testing period of pre test, three weeks, and six weeks. The repeated measures of one-way ANOVA were used to analyze % MVC on trunk muscles of experimental and control group according to testing period. The results of this study were as follows: First, % MVC of right and left erector spinae in the right leg extension position indicated the statistically significant difference in experimental group which performed diaphragmatic breathing exercise rather than control group (p<0.05). Second, % MVC of right and left erector spinae in all-four positions indicated the statistically significant difference in experimental group which performed diaphragmatic breathing exercise rather than control group (p<0.05). Third, % MVC of right and left erector spinae, external oblique in the sitting position indicated the statistically significant difference in experimental group which performed diaphragmatic breathing exercise rather than control group (p<0.05). Fourth, % MVC of right and left erector spinae, external oblique in the standing position indicated the statistically significant difference in experimental group which performed diaphragmatic breathing exercise rather than control group (p<0.05). Fifth, % MVC of right and left erector spinae, external oblique in the supine position indicated the statistically significant difference in experimental group which performed diaphragmatic breathing exercise rather than control group (p<0.05). Sixth, % MVC of right and left erector spinae, external oblique in the lying on prone position indicated the statistically significant difference in experimental group which performed diaphragmatic breathing exercise rather than control group (p<0.05). In conclusion, as experimental group performed diaphragmatic breathing exercise according to the period of pre-test, post three weeks, and post six weeks, experimental group showed the greater significant effect on the activation of right, left erector spinae, and external oblique muscle. Diaphragmatic breathing exercise which resulted in activation of trunk muscles can be effective for managing the patients with back pain and should be utilized as the new therapeutic intervention.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.634-640
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• 2011

When a servo position controller of a robot or a driving units is composed of a PID controller, servomechanism which is modelled is composed of current, velocity and position control loops. After this model is simulated, the technique operating gain of each controller is suggested. The model consists of current, velocity and position controllers from the inside to the outside gradually. Also, to combine velocity and position controllers with 2 order system, simulation is performed after current controllers are composed, which are able for current loop to work ideally. If a current controller is treated with constant, it is possible for velocity and position controller to consist of controller into 2 order system. The technique is verified by applying T-company servo motor which is much more applied to current, velocity and position controller robots.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.83-92
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• 2018

This paper uses the Apollonius Circle technique to estimate the position of a target that generates a specific signal by using a drone, which is rapidly becoming a rapidly expanding industry. The existing direction finding method is performed through the vehicle on the ground or installed the antenna at a high position to detect the position of the target. However, the conventional direction finding method is difficult to configure the reception environment of the LOS signal, It is difficult. However, the direction finding using the drone is easy to construct and measure the LOS signal receiving environment using the drone flying at high altitude. In this study, we use the 3D 800MHz Path-Loss Model to reconstruct the signal by using the measurement data of the ground direction finding, reconstruct the signal by using the 3-D 800MHz Path-Loss Model, and use the Apollonius Circle method to estimate the position of the target. A simulation was performed to estimate the position of the target. Simulation was performed to determine the target position estimation performance by configuring the ground direction finding and the dron direction finding.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.205-210
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• 2017

Objective : This study was performed to evaluate and compare the efficacies of caudal epidural injections performed at prone and lateral decubitus positions. Methods : A total of 120 patients suffering from low back pain and radicular leg pain were included and patients were randomly distributed into 2 groups according to the position during injection. In Group 1 (n=60; 32 women, 28 men), caudal epidural injection was performed at prone position, whereas it was implemented at lateral decubitus position in Group 2 (n=60; 33 women, 27 men). Visual analogue scale, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), walking tolerance (WT) and standing tolerance (ST) were compared in 2 groups before and after injection. Results : In Group 1, ODI values were higher at 30th minute (p=0.007), 3rd week (p=0.043) and 6th month (p=0.013). In Group 1, ODI, VAS and ST values were improved significantly at all follow-up periods compared to initial values. In Group 1, WT scores were better than initial values at 30th minute, 3rd week and 3rd month. In Group 2, ODI scores at 30th minute, 3rd week, 3rd month and 6th month were improved while VAS and ST scores were improved at all periods after injection. WT scores were better at 30th minute, 3rd week and 3rd month compared to initial WT scores. Conclusion : Our results indicated that application of injection procedure at lateral decubitus position allowing a more concentrated local distribution may provide better relief of pain.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.44-50
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• 2015

This study compared the effects of the initial head position (i.e., a HHP versus a relaxed head position) of subjects with and without a FHP on the thickness of the deep and superficial neck flexor muscles during CCF. The study recruited 6 subjects with a FHP and 10 subjects without a FHP. The subjects performed CCF in two different head positions: a HHP, with the head aligned so that the forehead and chin formed a horizontal line, and a relaxed head position (RHP), with the head aligned in a self-selected comfortable position. During the CCF exercise, the thickness of the longus colli (LCo) and the thickness of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) were recorded using ultrasonography. The thickness of each muscle was measured by Image J software. The statistical analysis was performed with a two-way mixed-model analysis of variance. The thickness of the SCM differed significantly (p<.05) between the subjects with and without FHP. According to a post $h^{\circ}C$ independent t-test, the change in thickness of the SCM increased significantly during CCF in the subjects with FHP while adopting a HHP compared to that in the subjects without FHP. The change in thickness of the SCM was not significantly different between the two positions in subjects without FHP, and there was no significant change in thickness of the LCo muscle during the CCF exercise according to the initial position in both subjects with and without FHP. The results suggest that CCF should be performed in RHP to minimize contraction of the SCM in subjects with a FHP.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.403-414
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• 2020

Purpose: This study examined how performing chin tuck exercises in supine, sitting, and standing positions affects changes in the muscle activity of the neck and shoulder. Methods: Seventeen men and three women with forward head posture participated in the study. The subjects performed the chin tuck exercise using a pressure biofeedback unit. After determining the ideal order for performing the chin tuck exercise in supine, sitting, and standing positions through randomized controlled trials, muscle activity was measured in the dominant-side sternocleidomastoid, scalenus anterior, upper trapezius, and levator scapulae. Muscle activity was measured three times in each muscle for each position, and the average of the three measurements was used for analysis. Results: In this study, the chin tuck exercise performed in a supine position reduced muscle activity of the sternocleidomastoid, scalenus anterior, upper trapezius, and levator scapulae significantly more than performing the exercise in either sitting or standing positions (p < 0.05). No significant difference in muscle activity was observed when the exercise was performed in a sitting position versus a standing position (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Performing a chin tuck exercise in a supine position is more effective for stabilizing the neck and shoulder than performing it in a sitting or standing position, as it reduces excessive tension and fatigue in the neck and shoulder.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.63-76
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• 2003

This research was performed to compare spinal segment motion angle between low back pain (LBP) group and painless group during trunk flexion-extension and to investigate the effect of transversus abdominis strengthening exercise on spinal segment motion angle in LBP group. Nine subjects with LBP and ten subjects without LBP participated. Transversus abdominis strengthening exercise was performed in LBP group for three weeks, and spinal segment motion angles were compared before and after the exercise performance. Spinal segment motion angles were measured both in sitting and standing position. Results were as followed: 1) Subjects' average age was 24.79 years, height was 167.84 cm, and weight was 59.95 kg. 2) Spinal segment motion angle of T10/l1 was significantly higher in LBP group compared with painless group (p<.05) in sitting position during trunk flexion-extension. 3) In sitting position, whereas entire lumbar segment motion angles were lower in LBP group compared with painless group (p<.05), angle of L4/5 was higher in LBP group compared with painless group (p<.05). 4) There was no significant difference in thoracic segment motion angle in standing position. 5) After three weeks of transversus abdominis strengthening exercise, thoracic segment motion angle increased both in sitting and standing position (p<.05). 6) In painless group, there was no significant difference in entire spinal segment motion angles in sitting and standing position (p>.05). When spinal segment motion angles were compared between sitting and standing position, there were slight differences. In sitting position, there was no difference in spinal segment motion angle between LBP group and painless group while hip joint motion angle and sacral inclination angle of LBP group was lower than those of painless group (p<.05). In standing position, lumbar segment motion angle was significantly lower in LBP group than that of painless group. Transversus abdominis strengthening exercise influenced thoracic segment motion angle more significantly than lumbar segment motion angle.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.43-48
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• 2016

Purpose: Perforator flap-using ischial sore reconstruction is performed in a prone position. But after the surgery, recurrence frequently occurs in a sitting position. In this sense, we introduce modified flap insetting method which closely resembles patient's sitting position to lessen the flap tension surgically. Materials and Methods: Authors tried to check a skin tension difference between prone position and sitting position in normal people group and to find out the importance of performing flap insetting in hip flexion position. Healthy volunteers were collected (n=20) and designed the same length of 4 divided sections around the ischium. Lengths of each section were measured when hip joint was flexed to 90 degree and when both hip and knee joints were flexed to 90 degree and the statistical evaluation was performed. Twenty cases with ischial sore underwent reconstructive surgery using perforator flap under hip flexion position and followed-up for any recurrences. Results: There was a meaningful difference between the joint flexed skin length and that of the neutral position. Flap showed sufficient thickness over 12 months. Conclusion: It seems that recurrence could be reduced when the reconstructed flap could sufficiently cover in a sitting position regarding its significant length difference in normal people group.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06d
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• pp.921-926
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• 2001

The reliability and accuracy of the information on control rod position are very important to the reactor safety and the design of the core protection system. In this study, a thorough investigation on the RSPT(Reed Switch Position Transmitter) type control rod position indication system and its actual implementation in the exiting nuclear power plants in Korea was performed first. A design of the control rod position indication system using reed switch for the CEDM on the system-integrated reactor SMART was developed based on the position indicator technology identified through the investigation. The feasibility of the design was evaluated by test of manufactured control rod position indicator using reed switch for SMART.