• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2012

The interest in 3-dimensional information and its practical use are rapidly increasing and thus some goods with stereoscopic views are being released. Mobile phones, unlike other units, are being closely utilized in everyday life and their applications are undoubtedly limitless. In this study, taking photographs with the stereo-camera of mobile phones has been accomplished and also the possibility of getting the quantitative information has been examined. In addition, this study aims to evaluate the quantitative practical use of mobile phones, evaluating the accuracy of the obtained quantitative information. Thus, interior orientation parameters were decided through the calibration of the lens of two cameras equipped with mobile phones. Using the determined interior orientation parameters, the 3-dimensional coordinates on the targets of the test field were calculated and then compared with precisely observed coordinates. Moreover, the performance of the orientation on the arbitrary building resulted in the standard deviation of $X={\pm}0.0674m$, $Y={\pm}0.25319$, and $Z={\pm}0.4983m$. The result also shows that the plot is possible. As a result, smart phones could be utilized for the acquisition of the quantitative information at close range and small measurement in which the high-accuracy on the basis of centimeters is not required.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.267-267
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• 2017

In Korea, the average air temperature has been elevated twice faster than the average global warming. And the climate warming is characterized by the smaller rise of air temperature in summer and the greater rise of air temperature in spring and winter. Therefore, the number of frost-free days to determine the cultivation ability of crops has increased by more than 15 days in 10 years according to climate warming. This climate warming trend has extended and is projected to extend not only the sweet potato growing season but also the sweet potato early cultivating area to higher altitude and latitude region. This study was carried out to evaluate the possibility of sweet potato double cropping in the southern island area of Korea by assessing the growth and yield performance of sweet potato cultivated at extremely-early and -late time. We had performed at Yokji Island Yokji Island($E128^{\circ}$ 18' $N34^{\circ}$ 36'), a representative specified complex area of sweet potato cultivation in southern Korea. As the test varieties, the major cultivars of the this region, Shinyulmi and early hypertrophic cultivars, Dahomi were used. The prior cropping were planted with PE film mulching on March 30 and April 10, and harvested after 110 days. So the succeeding cropping were planted without PE film mulching on July 25 and August 5 according to the harvesting time of the prior sweet potato and harvested after 120 days. As a control, it was harvested on September 15, 120 days after planted on May 15. Each experimental plot had an area of 12 square meters consisting of 4 beds, and was planted one at a time at intervals of 25cm. We had investigated growth characteristics - main vine length, node number, branch number, total vine yield, and tuberous root characteristics - tuberous root number, average weight, starch value, and etc. After harvesting, we analyzed the economic effects by examining the postharvest quantity, the input labor, the management cost, and the income. The total yield of marketable products in prior and succeeding cropping was 46~70% higher than that of control. The average unit price of sweet potato was 36% higher than the conventional culture, and the gross income increased by 98%, but the operating cost increased by 83%, and the farm income increased by 103%. There are considerations such as the difficulty of enlargement of cultivation area due to lack of labor in limited space and the need for watering measures due to spring drought. However, if the area of application for sweet potatoes double system is increased by 10%, it can be used as a new cropping system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.280-280
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• 2017

In Korea, the average air temperature has been elevated twice faster than the average global warming. And the climate warming is characterized by the smaller rise of air temperature in summer and the greater rise of air temperature in spring and winter. Therefore, the number of frost-free days to determine the cultivation ability of crops has increased by more than 15 days in 10 years according to climate warming. This climate warming trend has extended and is projected to extend not only the sweet potato growing season but also the sweet potato early cultivating area to higher altitude and latitude region. This study was carried out to evaluate the possibility of sweet potato double cropping in the southern island area of Korea by assessing the growth and yield performance of sweet potato cultivated at extremely-early and -late time. We had performed at Yokji Island Yokji Island($E128^{\circ}$ 18' $N34^{\circ}$ 36'), a representative specified complex area of sweet potato cultivation in southern Korea. As the test varieties, the major cultivars of the this region, Shinyulmi and early hypertrophic cultivars, Dahomi were used. The prior cropping were planted with PE film mulching on March 30 and April 10, and harvested after 110 days. So the succeeding cropping were planted without PE film mulching on July 25 and August 5 according to the harvesting time of the prior sweet potato and harvested after 120 days. As a control, it was harvested on September 15, 120 days after planted on May 15. Each experimental plot had an area of 12 square meters consisting of 4 beds, and was planted one at a time at intervals of 25cm. We had investigated growth characteristics - main vine length, node number, branch number, total vine yield, and tuberous root characteristics - tuberous root number, average weight, starch value, and etc. After harvesting, we analyzed the economic effects by examining the postharvest quantity, the input labor, the management cost, and the income. The total yield of marketable products in prior and succeeding cropping was 46~70% higher than that of control. The average unit price of sweet potato was 36% higher than the conventional culture, and the gross income increased by 98%, but the operating cost increased by 83%, and the farm income increased by 103%. There are considerations such as the difficulty of enlargement of cultivation area due to lack of labor in limited space and the need for watering measures due to spring drought. However, if the area of application for sweet potatoes double system is increased by 10%, it can be used as a new cropping system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.213-213
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• 2012

It has been known that quantum confinement effect of CdSe nanocrystal was observed by increasing the number of deposition cycle using successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. Here, we report on thermally-induced quantum confinement effect of CdSe at the given cycle number using spin-coating technology. A cation precursor solution containing $0.3\;M\;Cd(NO_3)_2{\cdot}4H_2O$ is spun onto a $TiO_2$ nanoparticulate film, which is followed by spinning an anion precursor solution containing $0.3\;M\;Na_2\;SeSO_3$ to complete one cycle. The cycle is repeated up to 10 cycles, where the spin-coated $TiO_2$ film at each cycle is heated at temperature ranging from $100^{\circ}C$ to $250^{\circ}C$. The CdSe-sensitized $TiO_2$ nanostructured film is contacted with polysulfide redox electrolyte to construct photoelectrochemical solar cell. Photovoltaic performance is significantly dependent on the heat-treatment temperature. Incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) increases with increasing temperature, where the onset of the absorption increases from 600 nm for the $100^{\circ}C$- to 700 nm for the $150^{\circ}C$- and to 800 nm for the $200^{\circ}C$- and the $250^{\circ}C$-heat treatment. This is an indicative of quantum size effect. According to Tauc plot, the band gap energy decreases from 2.09 eV to 1.93 eV and to 1.76 eV as the temperature increases from $100^{\circ}C$ to $150^{\circ}C$ and to $200^{\circ}C$ (also $250^{\circ}C$), respectively. In addition, the size of CdSe increases gradually from 4.4 nm to 12.8 nm as the temperature increases from $100^{\circ}C$ to $250^{\circ}C$. From the differential thermogravimetric analysis, the increased size in CdSe by increasing the temperature at the same deposition condition is found to be attributed to the increase in energy for crystallization with $dH=240cal/^{\circ}C$. Due to the thermally induced quantum confinement effect, the conversion efficiency is substantially improved from 0.48% to 1.8% with increasing the heat-treatment temperature from $100^{\circ}C$ to $200^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.327-337
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• 1996

A field experiment was conducted at SNU Experimental Livestock Farm, Suweon in 1995 to determine effect of planting date on forage performance of wm hybrids of four different maturity groups. A split-plot design replicated three times was used, with com hybrids representing four maturity groups (115, 118, 121 and 125 days) being the main plots and planting dates (3124, 415, 415, 425, 515 and 5/15) the sub-plots. 1. Days to emergence and percent emergence from the March 24 planting were, on the average, 36 days and 58%, respectively, but those from the April 5 to May 15 planting averaged 12 days and 92%, respectively. 2. Plant and ear heights increased gradually as the dates of planting were delayed except the May 15 planting, however, percent ear was decreased as the dates of planting were delayed. There was a trend for the mean lodging percentage of the hybrids to be higher as the planting date was delayed. 3. The 115-and 118-day mediumearly maturing hybrids harvested on August 18 produced silages with a dry matter content between 27 and 30% at all planting dates except the May 15 planting, while the 121-and 125-day medium-late maturing hybrids produced silages with a dry matter wntent less than 27% regardless of any planting dates. 4. There were no significant differences in mean dry matter yield among the hybrids, but significant mean TDN yield differences were found. The 115-, 118- and 125-day hybrids had significantly higher mean TDN yield than the 121-day hybrid. There were significant differences in mean dry matter and TDN yields among the planting dates. The mean dry matter and TDN yields from the April 5, 15 and 25 plantings were significantly higher than those of other plantings, however, there were no significant differences in mean TDN yield among the April 5, April 15 and April 25 plantings. No significant planting date $\times$ maturity interactions were found for both the dry matter and TDN yields. 5. Mean stover NDF and ADF contents of the 115- and 118day hybrids were higher than those of the 121- and 125-day hybrids, but the reverse was true for mean stover IVDMD and RFV. Mean stover NDF an ADF contents increased with earlier plantings, but mean stover IVDMD and RFV increased when planting was delayed. Results of this experiment indicate that for corn planting in central and northern areas of Korea, early to mid-April may be the right time with the 115-to 118-day maturity hybrids when silage making before August 20 is taken into consideration.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.463-472
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• 2012

For last decade, the amount of information has been increased rapidly because of the internet and computing technology development, mobile devices and sensors, and social networks like facebook or twitter. People who want to gain important knowledge from database have been frustrated with large database. Many studies for automatic knowledge extracting meaningful knowledge from large database have been fulfilled. In that sense, automatic knowledge extracting with computing technology has been highly significant in information technology field, but still has many challenges to go further. In order to improve the effectives and efficiency of knowledge extracting system, test collection is strongly necessary. In this research, we introduce a test collection for automatic knwoledge extracting. We name the test collection KEEC/KREC(KISTI Entity Extraction Collection/KISTI Relation Extraction Collection) and present the process and guideline for building as well as the features of. The main feature is to tag by experts to guarantee the quality of collection. The experts read documents and tag entities and relation between entities with a tool for tagging. KEEC/KREC is being used for a research to evaluate system performance and will continue to contribute to next researches.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 2018

Purpose: IBTR! 2.0 nomogram is web-based nomogram that predicts ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR). We aimed to validate the IBTR! 2.0 using an external data set. Materials and Methods: The cohort consisted of 2,206 patients, who received breast conserving surgery and radiation therapy from 1992 to 2012 at our institution, where wide surgical excision is been routinely performed. Discrimination and calibration were used for assessing model performance. Patients with predicted 10-year IBTR risk based on an IBTR! 2.0 nomogram score of <3%, 3%-5%, 5%-10%, and >10% were assigned to groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. We also plotted calibration values to observe the actual IBTR rate against the nomogram-derived 10-year IBTR probabilities. Results: The median follow-up period was 73 months (range, 6 to 277 months). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.607, showing poor accordance between the estimated and observed recurrence rate. Calibration plot confirmed that the IBTR! 2.0 nomogram predicted the 10-year IBTR risk higher than the observed IBTR rates in all groups. High discrepancies between nomogram IBTR predictions and observed IBTR rates were observed in overall risk groups. Compared with the original development dataset, our patients had fewer high grade tumors, less margin positivity, and less lymphovascular invasion, and more use of modern systemic therapies. Conclusions: IBTR! 2.0 nomogram seems to have the moderate discriminative ability with a tendency to over-estimating risk rate. Continued efforts are needed to ensure external applicability of published nomograms by validating the program using an external patient population.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.328-336
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• 2016

Purpose: The heat culture areas of greenhouses have been continuously increasing. In the face of international oil price fluctuations, development of energy saving technologies is becoming essential. To save energy, auxiliary heat source and thermal insulation technologies are being developed, but they lack cost-efficiency. The present study was conducted to save energy by developing a conceptually new semi-basement type greenhouse. Methods: A semi-basement type greenhouse, was designed and constructed in the form of a three quarter greenhouse as a basic structure, which is an advantageous structure to inflow sunlight. To evaluate the performance of the developed greenhouse, a similar structured general greenhouse was installed as a control plot, and heating tests were conducted under the same crop growth conditions. Results: Although shadows appeared during the winter in the semi-basement type greenhouse due to the underground drop, the results of crop growth tests indicated that there were no differences in crop growth and development between the semi-basement type greenhouse and the control greenhouse, indicating that the shadows did not affect the crop up to the height of the crop growing point. The amount of fuel used for heating from January to March was almost the same between the two greenhouses for tests. The heating load coefficients of the experimental greenhouses were calculated as $3.1kcal/m^2{\cdot}^{\circ}C{\cdot}h$ for the semi-basement type greenhouse and $2.9kcal/m^2{\cdot}^{\circ}C{\cdot}h$ for the control greenhouse. Since the value is lower than the double layer PE (polyethylene) film greenhouse value of $3.5kcal/m^2{\cdot}^{\circ}C{\cdot}h$ from a previous study, Tthe semi-basement type greenhouse seemed to have energy saving effects. Conclusions: The semi-basement type greenhouse could be operated with the same fuel consumption as general greenhouses, even though its underground portion resulted in a larger volume, indicating positive effects on energy saving and space utilization. It was identified that the heat losses could be reduced by installing a thermal curtain of multi-layered materials for heat insulation inside the greenhouse for the cultivation of horticultural products by installing thermal curtain of multi-layered materials for heat insulation inside the greenhouse, it was identified that the heat losses could be reduced.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2016

This paper presents development of an appropriate procedure and flow chart to analyze shale gas production data obtained from a multi-fractured horizontal well according to flow characteristics in order to calculate an estimated ultimate recovery. Also, the technical considerations were proposed when a rate transient analysis was performed with field production data occurred to only $1^{st}$ transient flow. If production data show the $1^{st}$ transient flow from log-log and square root time plot analysis, production forecasting must be performed by applying different method as before and after of the end of $1^{st}$ linear flow. It is estimated by an area of stimulated reservoir volume which can be calculated from analysis results of micro-seismic data. If there are no bottomhole pressure data or micro-seismic data, an empirical decline curve method can be used to forecast production performance. If production period is relatively short, an accuracy of production data analysis could be improved by analyzing except the early production data, if it is necessary, after evaluating appropriation with near well data. Also, because over- or under-estimation for stimulated reservoir volume could take place according to analysis method or analyzer's own mind, it is necessary to recalculate it with fracture modeling, reservoir simulation and rate transient analysis, if it is necessary, after adequacy evaluation for fracture stage, injection volume of fracture fluid and productivity of producers.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.106-115
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of oxadiazon, molinate, thiobencarb before seeding on control of red rice and barnyardgrass in water-seeded rice. High application rate plot among oxadiazon treatment plots could observe phytotoxicity symptoms depending on field conditions, but these injury recovered gradually with time. Molinate and thiobencarb application plots at the concentration of 225~400, 210~420g ai/l0a respectively were not observed phytotoxicity. Control of red rice was different according to kinds of herbicides and application rates. Oxadiazon showed higher control performance at the concentration of more than 60g ai/10a. Control effect of molinate and thiobencarb against red rice was enhanced with the increase of application rate, and both herbicides showed satisfactory effect at more than 300g ai/10a. Control of barnyardgrass showed up to 90~100% in all tested herbicides. There was no significant yield reduction by oxadiazon, molinate, and thiobencarb application before seeding in all tested field. In the pot experiment, crop injury, seedling stand, and early growth were more advantageous at time of drainge after one day after seeding than flooding until rooting.